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 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA 

1827-1865 

 THE LIBRARY OF 
THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA 

 Columbus, Geo., 

FROM ITS 

Selection as a "Trading Town" 

IN 

1 8 S 7, » 

TO ITS 

Partial Destruction by Wilson's Raid, 

IN 

1865. - 

HISTOBY—INCIDENT—PEKSONALITY. 

PART I—1827 TO 1S46. 

COMPILED BY JOHN H. MARTIN. 

PUBLISHED BY THOS. GILBERT, BOOK PRINTER.AND BINDER. 

COLUMBUS, Gi», 1874. 

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INTRODUCTION. 

When, the prospectus for this compilation was issued, neither the 
publisher nor the editor could make any reliable estimate of the size 
of the volume—not a page of it having then been prepared. We soon 
discovered that it was impossible to crowd into the space which we at 
first proposed as a limit, more than half the matter that ought to go 
into the work, and as the.price at which it was offered could not 
justify the furnishing of a volume of double the number of pages 
contemplated, we concluded to extend the work and divide it into two 
parts, each covering the space of about nineteen years. The first 
part ie now presented. 

The editor is conscious of many defects and deficiencies. These 
were unavoidable. The newspaper flies, upon which he had mainly to 
rely, wer^ .wholly missing for the years 1835 and 1836, and many num 
bers were missing from the flies of other early years within our 
reach. We procured a file of the Macon [Georgia] Messenger for 
the years 1835-6, which enabled us to supply many incidents of the 
Creek war. Old citizens assisted us with their recollections, and 
though we could not make up a perfect history of that stirring time 
from these disconnected data, we trust that we have given enough to 
interest and inform most readers. Of course our chapters for these 
two years are deficient in minor local incidents that the papers of the 
city would have furnished had they been accessible. 

The editor pleads, also, his pressing and unflagging work upon a 
daily newspaper, as an excuse for the lack of a better arrangement of 
the facts in this publication, as well as its very plain style. He can 
say, indeed that he has only had snatches of time to devote to it. 
Some old citizens will no doubt be disappointed because it does not 
contain incidents worthy of note within their remembrance. But even 
they might have overlooked some incidents equally noteworthy that 

 IV 

INTRODUCTION. 

are reported. It would have been impossible for any one person, with 
the imperfect records at hand, to gather up all the facts deserving 
mention. 

It will be seen that we have not included any living persons in the 
short personal sketches contained in this part, and we have endeav 
ored to avoid any compliment (however deserving) to persons now 
living. These brief sketches are not brought up as closely as they 
should properly have been, but omissions in this respect will be sup 
plied in the remainder of the work. 

Prior to the year 1389 we had to rely entity on the newspapers for 
records of marriages and deaths, and they are deficient. There are 
records of marriages in the Ordinary's office, commencing with that 
year, and we have been'kindly permitted to use them. But the death 
roll is still incomplete. 

The newspapers for the years over which we have gone devoted 
little space and paid but little attention to local affairs—much less 
than they now do. We have been surprised to find that they often 
contained but very slight mention, and sometimes none at all, of 
local questions, which, as we learn from allusions in the proceedings 
of Council, must have much interested the city and its people. As 
there was a marked improvement in this respect in the newspapers of 
later date, as the files are more complete, as well as the written records, 
we can safely promise that there will be fewer omissions in the second 
part. That part will also conclude with interesting statistics in ref 
erence to the factories, churches, &c., at the present time. 

With this explanation we submit the first half of our work to the 
public, hoping that it contains matter that will interest and inform 
them, with all its imperfections. 

THE EDJTOE. 

ERRATA. 

Gen. Jam4«* V Bethime informs us that the Jot which brought the highest price at the first 
Kale was not the south-west corner of Broad and Crawfortl streets, as stated on pago 12, hut 
"tlie opposite corner;" also that a-ccordiug to his recollection it was purchased by Henry C. 
Cook and John Fonlaine for £1,875. Our information \vas derived from another old citizen, as 
to the location and purc.ha.sera. The f!nynirer states that the price \vas £l,&r»5- 

\Ve have given two dates for the arrival of the firat steamboat—on<' un the authority of the 
f.'n.piim-, the other on that of an old citisen. Subsequent inquiry almost convinct-s us that the 
22d of February, 1828, \vab the time, and the "Steuhenvillc," the boat. 

On page 30 we attribute to Opotheoholo a boast that was made by another Indian chief, 
• Pushmataha. 

On page 89, "A. B. liozan" should 'lave been printed A. B. Kagan. 

On page 107. "Philip T. echulz" should bs.ve been printed Philip T. Schley. 

There are no doubt some unavoidable imBtakes made in tranbcril ing • r printing a few 
"proper names. 

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COLUMBUS, GA. 

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1827. ...-• i,,i,V'.T,, 

A "TRADING TOWN" ESTABLISHED. 

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The first step towards the establishment of a town on the 
site on which the city of Columbus now stands, was taken by 
the Georgia Legislature of 1827., The act of that year was 
not one of incorporation. It was entitled "An act to lay out 
a trading town, and to dispose of all the lands reserved for the 
use of the State near the Coweta Falls, on the Chattahoochee 
river, and to name the^same." This act was "assented to" 
Dec. 24, (one advertisement says Dec. 22,) 1827. It provided' 
for the appointment by the Governor of five Commissioners 
to select the most eligible site on the reserve (known as the 
Coweta Reserve, near Coweta Falls on the Chattahoochee,) to 
appropriate a square or oblong square of twelve hundred 
acres for the commons and town, which was to be called and 
known by the name of COLUMBUS. They were to lay out not 
less than five hundred building lots of half an acre each, and 
to make a reservation of one square containing ten acres for 
the public buildings of the county of Muscogee, with the 
privilege to the county'o^iiii^^iat was not needed for 
this purpose. 

The Commissionorf^nlrr*iMaj2r"'f?i r/Yi^tfcn the. trust were 

 6 

THE LOCALITY AT THAT TIME. 

Ignatius Few, Elias Beall, Philip H. Alston, James Hallam, 
and E. L. DeGraffenried. 

The present site of Columbus was at that time an almost 
unbroken lowland forest, in some places hardly penetrable 
through its thick undergrowth, and in others covered by 
swamps and ponds of water. Where pome of the finest 
buildings now stand there were marshes or ponds. From one 
block north of where the "Perry House" now stands, all 
south and east was a muddy swamp, fillecj with briars and 
vines and small undergrowth among the large forest trees, so 
that in many places it was difficult to get through. Upon the 
present location of the "Perry House," and extending two 
blocks north, was a pond where wild ducks and geese were 
often shot. Fish of large size were for some time afterwards 
caught out of ponds of which no traces now remain. Be 
tween Oglethorpe street and the river the land was generally 
high and dry, interspersed with pretty groves of fine shade 
trees. But east of Oglethorpe street and all south was mostly 
wet swamp land. 

The few houses that had been erected prior to the first sale 
of lots by the Commissioners were along a road that crossed 
the river at a ferry near where the Hospital now is. It was 
a section of the old "Federal Eoad." Traces of this river 
crossing may still be seen on the Alabama bank. The hotel 
was there and three or four stores, whose principal trade was 
with the Indians. But when the town was laid off and the 
lots sold, these settlements, being out of town, eventually had 
to move up within the space laid out into lots. There were 
but few comfortable houses up to that time — some small log 
houses, some board houses or tents, and some Indian houses. 

At that time there were a number of springs of excellent 
water running out of the bluff along the river. There were 
as many as ten or twelve of them from the "City Mills" loca 
tion down to the wharf, and they afforded plenty of the best 
water. Gov. Forsyth, wfro attended the sale of the lots in 
1828, preferred to camp out in a beautiful grove just below 
the present wharf, and/ pitched "Jiis, -fefit beside one of these 

SCENERY—INDIANS FISHING, ETC. 4 

springs. With the march of civilization receded the beauties 
as well as the wildness of Nature, and these fine springs have 
long since ceased their refreshing flow. 

The scenery on the bank of the river was very beautiful, 
including some of the finest natural groves. The river, too, 
presented quite a different appearance from the muddy Chat- 
tahoochee of this time, with its high water-bed extended by 
caving to twice its original extent, its banks on both sides 
precipitous and bare, and those on the Alabama side still fall 
ing in with every freshet. The waters were clear and rip 
pling, and the rocks that presented themselves for some 
distance above the steamboat landing or head of navigation 
nearly extended across the river in places, with channels or 
pools between, from which nearly all the varieties of fresh* 
water fish were taken in abundance. It was interesting and 
amusing to see the Indians catching shad in the spring of the 
year. They used dip-nets, made of wahoo bark split up in 
small strips. The net was fastened to the ends of two large 
canes, about fifteen feet long. They would arrange them 
selves in a row, five to fifteen in number, on the edge of the 
place where they wished to dip. They would then dip their 
nets in regular order, one net following right after the other. 
When one caught a fish he would throw it out of his net 
behind him, and never lose more than one dip. The whole 
party would yell every time there was a fish caught. But the 
shad, like the springs, have long since disappeared from our 
river, and some can hardly believe that they were ever caught 
here. The clear, fresh water of the Chattahoochee must then 
have been much more congenial and inviting to these dainty- 
fish than the turbid stream of the present time, muddied by 
its passage through hundreds of thousands of acres of culti 
vated ground and polluted by the sewerage filth of the towns 
and factories on its banks. 

An old writer describes the natural beauties of the locality 
at that time as follows: »•" 

"The most fertile imagination could not conceive a place more 
enchanting than this is in reality. Neither is it deficient in the 
various natural capacities for the convenient transaction of business. 

 8 EARLY COMMERCE. 

Standing at the centre, the eye can feast the mind with contemplating 
the most delightful scenery, which raises a thousand romantic and 
poetic associations. The river on each side is adorned with forest, 
as beautiful as nature could make it; and the channel is made rugged 
and firm by the deposit* of immense heaps of solid rock. The rapids 
continue for a great distance, sometimes forcing the river down into 
a narrow channel of great depth and inconceivable swiftness. In the 
course of the descent of the river through some of these places, the 
torrent is opposed by rocks of immovable fixture, which throw it up 
into mountain waves, or dash it away in a wide expanse of beautiful 
white caps, counter currents, and eddies." 

''*' ' '" NATURAL ADVANTAGES. 

It was apparent that these were great, and though the 
results that might reasonably have been contemplated have 
not yet been fully attained, the causes of the failure or delay 
are also evident, and there is good reason to hope that all the 
anticipations of the past will yet be fully realized, if not by 
the agencies originally had in view, by others now progres 
sively at work. The location being at the permanent head 
of navigation of a fine beatable stream, on the outskirts of 
continuous white settlement—with a strip of Indian territory 
sixty miles in width separating it from white civilization and 
commerce in Alabama, and this Indian country one of known 
fertility and beauty, whose opening to white settlement was 
only a question of time—there was good reason to anticipate 
for Columbus a rapid growth and far-reaching trade. For 
some time its trade by wagon and by the river was extensive, 
reaching from Apalachicola to the section of country now 
including Heard, Carroll and Fulton counties, and embracing 
nearly all the region between the Chattahoochee and Flint 
rivers. But railroads came from the east westward, and their 
general effect has been to carry trade to the east. The river 
trade has been nearly broken up, and railroads connecting 
with more eastern cities now traverse nearly all the country 
from which Columbus formerly derived her distant wagon 
trade. We may confidently hope for a considerable extension 

• Either this word does not exactly espresa tie writer's meaning, or the river must then have 
moved rocks in its course as it moves Baud now. 

MANUFACTURING ADVANTAGES. '9 

of trade from railroads now in course of construction, which 
will give us more direct communication with the great West; 
but unquestionably the safest reliance of Columbus for a 
steady advance in business and a permanent prosperity are 
her great advantages for manufacturing. Her princely cotton 
mills, already finding all over the Union a ready sale for their 
superior fabrics, are her "jewels," of which she may well be 
as proud as the Eoman matron of her sons; and when we 
consider that not one-twentieth part of her great water power 
is yet appropriated, that she is in the very heart of the cotton 
growing region, with superior facilities both for obtaining the 
raw material and shipping the fabrics, and that the profits of 
the factories now in operation are sufficient to satisfy the 
cupidity of the most exacting capitalist, we cannot fail to see 
that this is the citadel of our strength—the firm .foundation of 
a progress and prosperity that will yet realize all the expecta 
tions ever indulged concerning Columbus. It is not probable 
that the utilization of this great water power was one of the 
objects contemplated in the selection of the site of Columbus, 
and good fortune rather than human sagacity favored the city 
in this respect. ' 

1828. 

INTEBEST THBOUGHOUT THE STATE, 

Much interest was aroused throughout the State by the 
legislation looking to the establishment .of the new town of 
Columbus, and the anticipated sale of the lots. The advant 
ages of the locality were so apparent as to attract the attention 
of men of a speculating disposition, as well as of persons 
desiring to try their fortune in a new settlement with such 
fine prospects. We find that complaints against the tardy 
action of the Commissioners, and of the gentleman selected 

 10 

POPULATION—INDIANS. 

RIVER NAVIGATION. 

by them to make the surveys and prepare the plan of the 
town, found their way into the public prints. On the llth of 
July, the surveyor, Mr. Edward Lloyd Thomas, defended' 
himself against the charge of failure to return the plan to 
the Surveyor General's office, stating that he had sent the plan 
to the Executive Department arid to other places. 

THE POPULATION. 

Before the sale of the town lots the population of the place 
was very much mixed, as is generally the case in new settle 
ments. It amounted to about three hundred. 

THE INDIANS. 

During the day there would generally be hundreds, and 
sometimes thousands of Indians from the Alabama side in 
town, but they were not allowed to stay on the Georgia side 
at night. They were generally friendly and harmless while 
on this side of the river, but sometimes annoying, as they 
would go to private houses, to the alarm of some of the 
ladies. But their object was to get something to eat or steal. 
We find the Creeks called "a remnant of beggars and drunk 
ards" by a writer of that time. 

THE COLUMBUS ENQUIRER. 

This paper was established by Mirabeau B. Lamar in this 
year, and the first number was issued during the last week in 
May. It was a weekly sheet of good size and fair appear 
ance, and its editorial conduct gave ample evidence of the 
ability which afterwards secured for its accomplished founder 
high positions and an enduring fame. It is chiefly from its 
columns that we glean most of the facts' that 'make up what 
we can give of the earlier history of Columbus. 

On the 5th of July, the Enquirer said: "Our town offers 
many advantages to the agriculturalist who'may locate near 
it, as well as to the merchant or mechanic, as our market will 
afford good, prices for all kinds of produce, and our river a 
safe and convenient navigation on which to export the same. 
Those who may visit this place with a view of purchasing to 
settle here, will not leave us disappointed. We hear of many 

11 

strangers who have come to examine the public property 
before the day of sale arrives." 

, I if 

RIVER IMPROVEMENT. 

At that early day this subject engaged the earnest attention 
of both the State authorities and the new settlers of Colum 
bus. They contemplated not only the improvement of the 
navigation below the town, but the opening of the river 
above to regular pole-boat navigation. The latter proposition 
would seem to us at this time to have been a wild scheme; 
and yet we find a correspondent asserting on the 9th of 
August that " the river is navigable for pole-boats 200 miles 
above the falls; the obstruction to navigation above the town 
continues for twenty miles, but boats can, in the winter, come 
within four miles of the town;" and we find in the Eiiquirer 
of Sept. 13th the official report (dated " Upper Bushy Head 
Shoal, Chattahoochee, 27th August, 1828,") of "one of the 
Commissioners of the Chattahoochee Navigation above the 
Coweta Falls," in which report this Commissioner informs 
Gov. Forsyth that with the money appropriated by the State 
for improving the navigation of that part of the river, the 
Commissioners had bought on the eastern shore of Maryland 
and at Charleston, S. C., " fifteen likely negro fellows and one 
woman;" that they had constructed "an excellent three 
decked boat, sixty feet keel, nine feet beam, well constructed 
for the accommodation of the hands, overseer, and one Com 
missioner, also for the safety of the tools and provisions and 
the storing of powder for blasting." The report goes on to 
state the operations on the upper river, in the section flowing 
between Coweta and Carroll counties, announces considerable 
progress, and expresses hope of the accomplishment of much 
improvement. Now who shall say that Georgians at that 
time, and especially frontier Georgians, were not men of en-, 
terprise and pluck? 

The State Engineer also made a report (published in June) 
on the practicability of improving the river below the town. 
He' recommended a " wing-dam" about three feet above sum- 

 12 TOWN LOTS SOLD. 

mer water at Woolfolk's bar, and an excavation of the chan 
nel to the desired depth, expressing the opinion that there 
was not the slightest probability of its re-accumulation; also 
a wing-dam at Mound Shoal, 'a little below Woolfolk's bar, 
and about half a mile above the mouth of Upatoie creek. 

SALE OP THE LOTS. 

The first sale of town lots by the Commissioners com 
menced on the ,10th | and closed on the 23d of July. The 
attendance was large, and the bidding lively. Many tents 
were erected by persons attending the sale, and the town pre 
sented an animated and bustling appearance. The lot that 
sold highest at that sale was the one on the southwest corner 
of Broad and Crawford streets, afterwards known as the Co 
lumbus Hotel lot. It was bought by Messrs. Nicholas How 
ard (of Greensboro') and Peter Dudley, who immediately 
erected the " Columbus Hotel" on the lot. 

The number of half-acre lots in the plan of the town was - 
632, of which 488 were sold, leaving 144 to be disposed of 
at some future period. There were also sold 25 gardening 
lots of 10 acres each, and 20 of 20 acres, besides a number of 
larger lots outside of the limits of the town. The total pro 
ceeds of this sale were $130,991, one-fifth of which was re 
quired in cash. The highest price given was for the lot above 
mentioned, $1,855. Many lots were bought with a view to 
immediate settlement, and many others by speculators with a 

view to an advance. 
*» 

i 'IMPROVEMENTS. 

After the sale of the lots, improvements commenced and 
buildings went up rapidly. On the 28th of November the 
Enquirer said: "-Notwithstanding the great disadvantages 
which builders hatfe labored under in procuring lumber, we 
can safely say that no place has improved more rapidly than 
the town of Columbus. Each holder of a lot or lots seems 
intent on improving his property immediately, and there are 
now either completed or nearly so, on the half-acre lots, 
nearly a hundred good framed buildings. Our mills are now" 

INCIDENTS. 

13 

I 

in better order for supplying lumber than they have ever 
been before.' But one three-story framed house has yet been 
erected, and but two brick buildings commenced in the town. 
We should be pleased to see more of this description of 
building carried on." •• ! - ' > „ >••' 

About this time the Enquirer stated that the population 
numbered 700 to 1,000 souls, and felt grateful that the heaJth' 
was so good, saying that there-had not been more than a half 
dozen cases of :fever during the whole summer, and but four 
deaths—three whites and one black. 

INCIDENTS. 

The first person buried in the cemetery was a young man 
by $16 name of Tlionias—a'son of Edward Lloyd Thomas, the 
gentleman mentioned 'as the surveyor. He was buried on 
the hill before the location was fully determined upon, but 
when determined it included the grave of young Thomas. 
He was buried in March of this year: 

The 4th of July was celebrated in a spirited and patriotic 
manner for a frontier settlement. Col. Ulysses Lewis 'was 
the reader of the declaration, and James Van Ness the orator. 

A theater was "erected" for the purpose and opened for a 
short engagement as early as July of this year, and we find 
the performances of the company highly complimented. But 
we suppose the Columbus theatre-goers of that day were 
hardly so critical or discriminating as those of the present 
time, and there was some difference between the rough un 
suitable hall in which the, performance was given and 
Springer's Opera House with its fine scenery and luxurious 
furnishing.. 

The first manufacturing establishment that was built here 
was a turning lathe, erected on the little branch north of the 
Crt7i just below where the North and South Eailroad now 
crosses that branch. Nobody thought in 1828, when that little 
turning lathe was started, that Columbus would ever be the 
manufacturing place it is now, even; much less did they 
entertain the hope that it would ever win the appellation, 
"Lowell of the South." 

 14 

INCIDENTS. 

COUNTY OFFICERS. 

15 

The first steamboat that came to Columbus was in March, 
1828. After she had been here a week or ten days, making 
some repairs, the Captain arranged for a pleasure excursion 
down the river as far as Woolfolk's Mound, the next Sunday. 
Nearly every body went, and a good number of them had to 
walk back to town on account, as the captain alleged, not 
being able to raise sufficient steam for the boat to make 
headway against the river current. The next morning about 
daybreak the signal gun* of the boat was heard, giving notice 
of her return. 

There were no churches here during this year. There 
would occasionally be preaching by some missionary to the 
frontier heathen, or by some traveling minister. Columbus 
was a pretty "hard" place for a year or two. There was not 
much execution of law or government of any kind. Every 
body had to look out for themselves. This being the case, 
we are not surprised to find the files of the Enquirer for those 
years abounding with reports of duels, impromptu fights, and 
duelling correspondence. 

The following, in regard to the streets and scenery of Co 
lumbus, from the Enquirer of August 9th, 1828, will still be 
of interest. The streets remain as originally laid out, but the 
;| romantic walks" and gushing springs are among the things 
that were: 

"The streets running parallel with the river are nine in number, 
and are all 132 feet wide, except Broad, which is 164 feet wide. This 
street is one and a half miles long, and is a perfect level the whole 
distance, except one depression. The cross streets are thirteen in 
number, and are each 99 feet wide. Prom the width of the streets an 
elegant and airy appearance is given to the town. There is a wide 
expanse left between the town and the river for a promenade, which, 
after it shall have been properly prepared, will form one of the hand 
somest and most romantic walks in the State. All along the bank of 
the river opposite the town, fine, pure water gushes out, which affords 
not only a great convenience, but a great luxury to citizens." 

In October, Henry C. Dawson took charge of the Mclntosh 

* It was a custom then, and for many years afterward, tpr boats to carry a small cannon, and 
on nearing a town or landing to give notice of their approach by discharging it. 

House, and Peter Dudley became sole proprietor of the Co 
lumbus Hotel. 

A new. hotel, called "Muscogee Hall," on the corner of 
Broad and Crawford streets, was opened in November by 
Nicholas Howard. 

At the Presidential election in November, the Jackson 
electors received 143 votes, and the Adams electors 17. 

The first bale of cotton ever sold in the town was brought 
in November from Gwinnctt county, and bought by Eobert 
Maharrey at 12 Jc. 

On the 29th of November the pole-boat Eob Roy, Love 
owner, arrived from Apalachicola with a full cargo of groce 
ries for J. Foiitaine, Maharrey, Love & Co. 

A clever local conundrum which we find in the paper is 
this: "Why is the town of Columbus like modest ladies?" 
The-answer—" Because it is on the reserve." 

OFFICERS. 

Hon. Walter T. Colquitt was Judge, and Andrew B. Griffin 
Clerk of the Superior Court this year. The following gen 
tlemen constituted the Grand Jury at the Fall Term: E. E. 
Bissell, foreman, John E. Page, Samuel B. Head, E. B. Lucus, 
Stoddard Eussell, Eobert Daniel, Eobt. Henry, Benj. Tarver, 
Thomas Eogers, Thomas Lang, Samuel E. Buckler, Joseph 
White, Hillery Triplett, Samuel Koockogy, Thomas Cox, 
Thos. Sluck, Joiia. A. Hudson. 

James C. Holland was Sheriff, and P. Eobertson Deputy 
Sheriff. F y 

John Townsend was Clerk of the County Court. 

Joel B. Scott was Coroner. 

Edwin E. Bissel and G. W. Dillard were Justices of the 
Inferior Court. 

S. J. Cooley was Postmaster until October, when Jas. Van 
Ness was appointed. 

At the October election, Sowell Woolfolk was chosen Sen 
ator, and W. D. Lucas Representative. 

 16 PERSONAL, MAEEIAGES AND DEATHS. 

Mirabeau B. Laraar severed his connection with the En 
quirer on the 1st of October, 1830. He represented Musco- 
gee county in the Legislature of Georgia in 1829 '80. Shortly 
after his retirement from the Enquirer he removed to Texas, 
and there received the highest honors within the gift of the 
people. He was elected President of the young and inde 
pendent Republic in 1838. He died in Texas in December, 
1859. Gen. L. was twice married. His first wife is buried 
in the cemetery in this city; his second was a daughter of 
the Rev. John Newland Maffitt. 

Walter T. Colquitt was for a number of years the most 
brilliant (perhaps not the most solid) member of the bar of 
Columbus. He was noted for keenness of wit and repartee 
and versatility of talent. As a lawyer,, judge, both a repre 
sentative and senator in Congress, he was equally conspicuous 
and efficient. He died in Macon, Ga., on the 7th of May, 
1855, after a long and painful illness. 

MAEEIAGES. 

July '28.—Col. P. H. Alston and Miss Sarah D. Parks. 
Sept. 6.—Maj. llufus M. Farrington and Miss Sarah, daughter of 
Gen. "Win. Mclntosh. 

Sept. 7.—Samuel E. Buckler and Miss Sophia Tomliu. 
Sept. 20.—J nes Brown, of Augusta, and Miss Ann Dukes. 
Sept. 28—Samuel R. Andrews and Miss Elizabeth Day. 

DEATHS. 

July 26.—Elizabeth, infant child of Blake and Lucy Piobinsou. 

Aug. 30.—Wilson (an Irishman) drowned in the river. 

Sept. 16.—Mrs. Davis, a native of North Carolina. 

Oct. 18.—James B. Crawford, aged 30 years. 

Nov. 13.—" Indian Boy," aged 12 years, from a stab in the .forehead. 
We find the names of the following business and profes 
sional men of Columbus during this year: 

Merchants—James W. Fannin, jr.,Thomas Lang, Phelps & Bonner,, 
Jacob I. Moses & Co., I. Scott, Joel B. Scott, Jona. A. Hudson, 
Sowell Woolfolk, Farlin & Nafew, Elisha Avery. 

lawyers—Ulysses Lewis, Wm. J. W. Wellborn, Samuel T. Bailey, 
James Van Ness, Thos. G. Gordon, Julius C. Alford. 

Doctor*—I. T. Scott, H. C. Phelps, E. L. DeGraffemled, Fitzgerald 
Bird. 

r 

THE TOWN INCOBPOEATED. 

17 

- Hold Keepers—Wm. D. Lucas, Nicholas Howard, Peter Dudley, 
Henry C. Dawson; Teudier—Jno. B. Page; Barber—Wm. Woodliff; 
Brickmal-ers—Winston & Alford, Zoroaster Piobinson; Tailor—3. W. 
Eadcliff; Gin Maker, &c.—PJioderic Murray. 

Latest quotations of prices of merchandise for this year, 
Dec. 18th: Bacon 12 Jc., Bagging and Twine 50c., Cotton 7fc., 
Corn 50 to 75c., Flour $10 to $15, Molasses 50c., Salt $2 50, 
Brown Sugar 10 to 12c., Coffee 18 to 20c., Tobacco 25c., 
Whisky 75c. 

1829: 

THE TOWN INCORPORATED. 

The first act of incorporation, of the Town of Columbus 
passed the Legislature of Georgia in December, 1828, and was 
signed by the Governor on the 19th of that month. It pro 
vided for the election on the 1st Monday in January, 1829, of 
an Intendant and six Commissioners, and vested the municipal 
government in them. The election resulted in the choice of 
Ulysses Lewis as Mayor, and Samuel B. Head, James Van 
Ness, Ira Scott, Simon L. Smith, George W. Dillarcl and Thos. 
G. Gordon as Commissioners. [Another ticket for Commis 
sioners, which associated Messrs. Van. Ness and Scott with 
M. B. Lamar, Fitzgerald Bird, T. T. Gammage and Henry C. 
Phelps, had previously been nominated by a meeting of citi 
zens ; but Messrs. Lamar,. Bird and Gammage declined before 
the day of election.] 

On the same clay county officers for Muscogee were elected, 
as follows: Arian Coaker, Tax Collector; James Johnson, 
Receiver of Tax Returns; E. E. Bissel, Jas. Hitchcock, B. A. 

 18 

ACTION OF TOWN AUTHORITIES. 

INCIDENTS. 

19 

Sorsby, Samuel E. Andrews and W. P. Baker, Justices of the 
Inferior Court. 

R. T. Marks was Clerk of the new city government. 
On the 19th of January, "nine fisheries on the Chattahoo- 
chee, within the corporate limits of the town of Columbus," 
were publicly rented out for the year by the Clerk of the 
Town ; but the amounts for which they rented are not pub 
lished. All other traps were required to be removed within 
ten days. 

In accordance with authority specially delegated by the 
new charter, the first ordinance of the municipal government 
was one requiring all houses on the streets and common to be 
removed, and forbidding all persons to cut down or destroy 
any tree on the river common. 

At this time the "Northern and Southern mail" was 
carried through Columbus, tri-weekly, accross the Indian 
Territory, via the Creek Agency in Alabama. 

On the 27th day of February, the sale of the remaining 
half-acre lots in Columbus was closed, having continued six 
days. The aggregate amount of the sales was $4,585. 

The Intendant and Commissioners passed an ordinance to 
let out to the highest bidder, on the 2d of February, the work 
of cleaning out of Front, Broad, Oglethorpe, Randolph, and 
St. Glair streets—the two latter to their intersection with 
Oglethorpe. Front, Broad and Oglethorpe were to be cleaned 
entirely of trees, stumps, and bushes, which were to be taken 
up by the roots, the streets to be grubbed, and all rocks over 
three pounds in weight to be removed. 

We take this order as an indication of the extent to which 
close occupation of the town had then -progressed from the 
river eastward. 

On the 14th oi February, the Enquirer said: 
" Columbus is rapidly advancing in improvements. Building is 
carried on iu a style that would do honor to our populous cities, and 
with a rapidity scarcely equalled within our knowledge. Such is the 
progressive style, that we frequently find large two-storied houses 
and well-cleaned gardens, in various parts of the town, where but a 
Bhott time previously, we were rambling after game. Kamblers are 

not unfrequently surprised at finding their hunting ground so sudden 
ly converted from a wilderness into cultivated fields or adorned by 
the labors of the architect and enlivened by traffic. We have dry 
goods and groceries in abundance, and all the difficulty in the way of 
good living is the want of the wherewith to purchase the commodities. 
Few of our citizens having the necessary cash or credit, a.re often re 
duced to deplorable straits. The absence of the grand sine qua non, 
however, seems to be no barrier to the growth of the town." 

There was much apprehension, this year, of trouble with 
the Indians. The Legislature passed an act forbidding their 
crossing the river into Georgia without permits. In July the 
President of the United States had a thousand stand of arms 
forwarded to Fort Mitchell for the use of the frontier citizens, 
and thirty or forty regulars, on their way to the Agency, 
passed through Columbus in July. But many of the head 
men of the Indian nation visited Columbus and pronounced 
the reports of their hostile intentions false. The " Frontier 
Guards" were, however, ordered out on one occasion. 

Politics ran so high this year, that we find an advertise 
ment offering prime cotton for sale by retail to " anti-tariff 
ladies." 

On the 10th of November the Commissioners appointed for 
the purpose announced that they had laid out a market road 
from Decatur to Columbus. 

The Bank of Columbus was organized this year. 

We find the names of the following steamboats that arrived 
during the year: Fanny, Robert Emmett, and Virginia' 
The latter was the first arrival of the winter, and did not get 
up until the 28th of December, so low was the river in the 
fall and early winter. The Emmett made one trip in 60 
hours. 

INCIDENTS. 

On the — of January, Mr. Elisha Avery, a native of Con 
necticut, and four negroes were drowned by the upsetting of 
a batteau in which they were making a trip from Columbus 
to Apalachicola. The Mayor, Col. Lewis, Mr. Root, and eight 
negroes in all were in the boat, but all except those first men 
tioned escaped. 

 20 

INCIDENTS. 

MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. 

21 

Tliere was a great rise of the Chattahoochee in February 
of this year. Back lots (in the lower portions heretofore 
mentioned) were inundated, and the house of the editor of the 
Enquirer was submerged almost to its windows. 

On the 25th of May, the steamer Virginia, a large and fine 
boat, arrived, having made the ran from Apalachicola in 38 
hours. 

W. A. Spalding, of the firm of Fontaine & Spalding, was 
drowned in the Chattahoochee on the 1st of June. He was a 
native of Maryland, and was only 21 years old. 

A temperance society was organized 011 ,the 1st of August— 
E. L. DeGraffenried, President; Andrew Ilarvill and Eob't 
Jones, Vice Presidents; James Van Ness, Corresponding Sec 
retary ; James W. Fannin, Eecording Secretary; Thos. W. 
Cox, Secretary. 

On the 8th of August it was announced that Mr. Richard 
T. Marks had purchased a half interest in the Enquirer. 

In September, Upatoie post office was established—Simon 
Manning, postmaster. 

At the October election of this year, M. B. Lamar, Senator, 
and W. D. Lucas, Representative, .were elected to the Legis 
lature. ' ( 

Oct. 17th, the first load of new cotton was brought in by 
John D. Chambless of Talbot county. It was classed mid 
dling, and bought by S. & E. T. Woolfolk at 7c. 

The Virginia again arrived on the 28th of December, being 
the first boat of the winter, after a suspension of navigation 
in the summer and fall. The Virginia took down 400 bales 
of cotton for New Orleans. 

On the 7th of March 500 shares of the stock of the Bank of 
Columbus had been taken, and it was anticipated that the 
Bank would speedily go into operation under favorable 
auspices. 

The Superior Court of the county then took jurisdiction of 
such offences as fighting in the streets and keeping disorderly 
houses in Columbus, as we 'find in the presentments of the 
Grand Jury at February term. ^ 

The town tax this year was 5 per cent, upon the amount 
paid to the State for the town lots. 

We find the names of two Columbus volunteer companies 
— the "Frontier Guards" and the "Columbus Fencibles" 
mentioned in June. A. Y. Gresham was Captain, and —— 
Marks, Orderly Sergeant of the "Frontier Guards." 

The 4th of July was celebrated under an arbor—a large 
crowd attending. The "Frontier Guards" formed the proces 
sion. Prayer by Eev. Mr. Hammill; reading by Nathaniel 
P. Bond; oration by Capt. A. Y. Gresham; dinner at 
Howard's Hotel. 

MARRIAGES. 

Feb. 3.—Capt. James Johnson, of the steamboat Emmett, and Miss 
Dorothy Coker. 

Feb. 10.—Richard T. Marks and Miss Jacintha E. Dawson. 

March 10.—Oliver Jeter and Miss Mary Ann Gartrell. 

March 12.—Win. Middleton and Miss Lydia Dobbs. 

Aug. 24.—Thos. Slack and Julia Ann Howard. 

Dec. 20.—Sowell Woolfolk and Miss Sophia W. Thomas, the latter 
of Milledgeville. 

DEATHS. 

June 1.—Matthew Wells, aged 50. 

Aug. 2.—Mrs. Judith W. Thornton, consort of Dr. Hudson A. 
Thornton. 

Sept. 5.—Pleasant Robinson, Deputy Sheriff. 

Oct. 18.—Wm. Martin, aged 27, a native of Georgia. 

Dec. 18.—Benjamin Jepson, sr., a native of Boston, aged 63. 

Cotton was quoted, Dec. 26th, 7^ to 8c. No other quota 
tions given. 

The following business men (not mentioned in 1828,) "ad 
vertised in the Enquirer in 1829: 

Merchants.—A. R. Mershon, Asa Bates, T. H. Ball, M. M. Butt, 
A. & D. Hungerford, L. J. Davies, Jas. S. Norman, Alien & Powers, 
John Fontaine, Bird & Sullivan, Wm. Taxley, H. A. & D. Thornton, 
Shaw & Dean, Wiley, Baxter & Fort, Alien & Powers, M. M. Butt 
& Co., James Kivlin. 

Doctors.—H. A. Thornton; Lawyers—John Taylor, Nathaniel P. 
Bond, Joseph T. Camp; Tailors—Radcliff & Roberson; Saddler— 
James S. Norman; WareJiouse—B. A. Sorsby, S. & R. T. Woolfolk ; 
Factorage and Commission—Hodges, Moore & Jones ; Milliners—Mrs. 
Jewett and Miss Thweatt; Teacher—Mrs. Jane L. Marks, 

 22 

RAPID INCREASE IN POPULATION. 

INCIDENTS. 

23 

183O. 

IMPEOVEMENT AND PEOSPEEITY. 

The frontier settlement had now assumed the proportions 
and the air of a " trading town" indeed, and its pioneer set 
tlers congratulated themselves on the prospect of realizing 
their fondest anticipations. An amendment of the charter so 
as to obtain a " city government" was talked of. On the 27th 
of February the Enquirer said : 

" No inland town of the South within our recollection has pro 
gressed with more rapidity in the line of substantial and elegant 
improvements, and none, we are certain, has a fairer prospect of 
attaining extensive commercial importance. At the time of the sales 
(July, 1828,) there was but one frame building erected in this town, 
and there are now seventy-live excellent and permanent frame build 
ings, all of which, with one or two exceptions, are occupied. There 
are, also, twelve dry goods and grocery stores, one drug store, and two 
commodious and extensive hotels. These improvements have all been 
made while doubt and uncertainty existed in relation to the growth 
and prosperity of Columlms, and whilst no settled conviction obtained 
in the minds of any of the actual value of property in which invest 
ments were made. But every day is developing the true resoiirces of 
Columbus, and exhibiting its real claims to the attention and patron 
age of wealth, industry and talent." 

The population, as reported by the Marshal in April, was 
1,152 persons; as reported to the Enquirer by Dr. DeGraffen- 
ried (a State census) in October, it was then 1,261. The 
population of the county of Muscogee, at the last named count, 
was 3,507, of whom 2,262 were whites. 

The regular navigation of the river was still a question of 
some uncertainty. A steamboat—the " Stcubenville"—had 
arrived as early as the 22d of February, 1828, being the first 
steamer that had ever reached "the falls;" but the boats at 
first run were evidently too large, or of too heavy draught, 
for navigating the river either early in the fall or late in the 

spring. The " Baltimore" made a trip this year late in April, 
and was said by the Enquirer to be the only one of the boats 
in the trade suitable to the navigation of the river so late in 
the spring. It thought that boats drawing, when loaded, 
from 30 to 36 inches, could run throughout the year. 

The citizens were now solicitous for the removal of the 
Indians—no doubt speculating views as well as apprehensions 
of trouble with them influencing the appeals for their removal. 

The first fire reported in the town was on the night of the 
14th of March, when the kitchen of Mr. Davis was consumed. 
It aroused some of the citizens to make a call for a public 
meeting to take into consideration some measures for protec 
tion against fire. But, as is usual with the first cry of "wolf," 
the excitement appears to have subsided without action. 

A debating society in full blast this year was one evidence 
of social and intellectual improvement. 

At the municipal election in January, James Van Ness was 
elected Intendant. E. T. Marks was Town Clerk this year, 
and John E. Page Treasurer. Moses Butt was acting as In 
tendant in November. We cannot find the names of the 
Town Commissioners of this year. 

The prospectus for a. new paper, to be called the Democrat, 
was out in August. 

There was a controversy, during the fall, between Lieut. 
Clark, of the U. S. Artillery, and the authorities of Columbus, 
as to whether the Indians were entitled to the west bank of 
the river and to equal interests in the ferries established over 
it. The town authorities denied this right and refused to 
comply with the demand. 

INCIDENTS. 

The discovery of particles of gold on the river bank, in 
April, is mentioned. It no doubt created a sensation. As 
the precious .metal appears not to have been found since then, 
and as we now know that the Chattahoochee and its tributa 
ries cross the gold belt at several points, the probability is 

 (fll/' 

24 INCIDENTS. 

that the gold found in 1830 was washed down with the sands 
from above in some freshet. 

A new hotel, called Lafayette Hall, was opened in the spring 
of this year—John C. Blance proprietor. It was on the cor 
ner of Oglethorpe and Bridge streets. 

The 4th of July was again celebrated with becoming spirit. 
The " Frontier Guards" headed the procession. Maj. A. F. 
Moore was Marshal of the day ; the prayer was by Eev. Mr. 
Moore; Col. Ulysses Lewis was the reader of the Declaration, 
and M. B. Lamar, Esq., the orator. A public dinner at How 
ard's Hotel wound up the celebration with a feast of good 
things, including patriotism and hilarity. 

The first load of new cotton was received on the 15th of 
September. It was from the plantation of Mr. McGehee, of 
Meriwether county, and was sold to Stewart & Fontaine at 
10 cents. The next week several loads were received, and 
sold at 10| to 11 cents. Nearly 100 bales were received on the 
28th of October — reported as an unusually large day's 
receipts. , 

In July, Mr. Laraar retired from the Enquirer, having sold 
his interest to Mr. James Van Ness. In November, Mr. 
Marks sold his interest to Messrs. Henry W. Hilliard and 
James N. Bethune. • 

In April, some " malicious villain" entered the Enquirer 
office at night and pied the forms and cases. 

The anniversary of St. John the Baptist was celebrated by 
the Columbian Lodge of Columbus. The address was deliv 
ered by Eev. Barkley Martin. H. E. Taylor was Secretary 
of this Lodge. 

At the county election in October, Sowell Woolfolk was 
elected Senator, and A. Y. Greshain Representative. 

A new pole boat, called the " Mary Jones," was launched 
by Hodges, Moore & Co., in September, 

Pole boats arrived and departed frequently during this 
year. 

The first steamboat arrival of this winter was the " Balti- 

PERSONAL. 

25 

more," on the 17th day of December, in five days from Apa- 
lachicola. 

On the 22d December, the steamer Georgian, a new boat 
built at Pittsburgh for a company of gentlemen of Colum 
bus, arrived in fifteen days from Pittsburgh. 

PERSONAL. . 

The county officers, elected in January, were—Wm. Hol 
land, Sheriff; A. B. Griffin, Clerk of the Superior Court; 
John Town send, Clerk of the Inferior Court. 

The following gentlemen constituted Muscogee grand jury 
for the Spring term of 1830: J. W. Fannin, E. C. Alford, 
Asa Bates, H. R. Taylor, David Dean, William Mullally, Da 
vid W. Upton, S. R. Andrews, E. L. Lucas, W. D. Lucas, B 
G. Lucas, H. C. Phelps, A. E. Mershon, E. Jewett, J. E. 
Lyons, B. Tarver, A. L. Watkins, Neill McNorton, J. P. Jack 
son, Thomas Davis, Jonathan A. Hudson. 

Julius C. Alford did not long remain a citizen of Columbus, 
but removed in a short time to LaGrange, and while residing 
there was elected to Congress in 1839. He had notable char 
acteristics and an originality sui generis. His impetuous and 
impulsive style of debate won for him the appropriate name 
"War Horse of Troup." It is reported of him that while in 
Congress he startled the House from its propriety by a terrific 
imitation of the Indian war-whoop, which he did in answer 
to a Northern member who had defended the Georgia and 
Alabama Indians and blamed the whites for their warlike 
demonstrations. He removed to Alabama about the year 
1850, settling in Pike County, and died there several years 
ago. 

Ulysses Lewis was a man of characteristics peculiarly fitted 
to impress and mould frontier society, and no doubt contrib 
uted much to the giving of tone to the civilization of both 
Columbus and Eussell county, Ala., to which county he re 
moved with the first wave of white settlement. He was 
sternly upright and just, with a courage for any emergency, 
and a fund of hard common sense that made him the very 

 26 

MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. 

THE FIRST FIRE COMPANY. 

27 

man for leadership in such a country. After his removal to 
Alabama he was for a number of years Judge of the County 
(now Probate) Court of Eussell, and made one of the best and 
most satisfactory county officers in the State. He died in 
August, 1856. 

MARRIAGES. 

March II—Dr. Wileyj. Underwood and Miss Mary Ami Boliannou. 
April 7—James Kivlin and Miss Louisa Dillard. 
April 22—William Hayes and Miss Alniina Holland. 
April 27—Andrew B. Griffin, Esq., and Miss Caroline Tatorn. 
July 25—Henry W. Hilliard and Miss Mary Bedell. 
July 29—Tuscan H. Ball and Miss Margaret M. L. W. Malone. 
Dec. 16—Terrill Brooks and Miss Mary Perry. 

DEATHS. 
Aug. 20—Mrs. M. B. Lamar, aged 21. 

We notice among the business and professional men men 
tioned, and whose names are not already given, the following: 

Merchants—Richards & Manley, Lewis C. Alien, Henry Johnson, 
Hudson & Thornton, James Hitchcock, T. T. Gammage, Hodges, 
Moore & Co.,M. K. Evans & Co.,II. S. Smith & Co.,B. Tarver & Co. 

Lawyers—A. Y. Gresharn, John. Taylor, Garrett Eallenbeck, Fhilo 
D. Woodruff, Grigsby E. Thomas. 

Doctors—J. W. Malone, Scott & Kennedy, Underwood & Mills, A. 
S. Clifton. 

Teacher—Miss Kingsbury; Auctioneer—V-. E. Bissell; Clothier and 
Tailor—Henry Johnson; Watchmaker—William Knssell. 

Latest quotations of this year, Dec. 18: Cotton 8Jto8|; 
Bagging 23; Bacon 9 to 12J; Coffee 15 to 17; Sugar 10 to 
12; Flour $8 to $9; Meal 75; Molasses 45. 

1831. 

Increasing Business—A New Bank and a Fire Company— 

Presbyterian Church Built—A Year of Sickness, &c. 
The year 1831 was one of considerable progress in Colum 
bus, and all that we find on record denotes increasing trade 

and a steady advance towards the settled social status and 
public conveniences of older towns. 

On the 8th of January the following gentlemen were elected 
to constitute the municipal government for the year: 
Intendant—Sowell Woolfolk. 

Commissioners—Fitzgerald Bird, Abraham T\ Moore, Win. D. Har- 
grove, James Hitchcock, Asa Bates, and Joseph T. Camp. 

On Tuesday following the Board was organized, and elected 

the officers named below: 

Clerk—Edru'd Bugg; Treasurer—C. E. Mims; Marshal—Ephraim 
Bundy; Auctioneers—T\ S. Cook and E. E. Bissell; Clerk of Market— 
Patrick W. Flynn. 

In June books were opened for subscription to the capital 
stock of a Bank, to be called the " Farmers' Bank of Chatta- 
hoochee." On the 7th of November this Bank was organized 
by the election of the following gentlemen as Directors: E. S. 
Shorter, M. Butt, A. Iverson, G. W. Dillingham, and Joel 
Branham. At a subsequent meeting of directors, E. S. 
Shorter was elected President, and Edward Carey Cashier. 

A fire which occurred at an early hour of the morning of 
the 21st of May, appears to have fanned the feeling in favor 
of a fire company to a striking heat, and before the sunfwent 
down that day the company was formed and the following 
gentlemen were elected officers: G. E. Thomas, Chief En 
gineer ; Asa Bates, Captain of the Engine; Eobt. Jones, Cap 
tain Fire Hook Department; James Daniel, Captain Ladder 
Department; Joseph T. Camp, Captain Bucket Department; 
M. W. Thweatte, Captain Safety Department; L. C. Alien, 
Marshal. At a subsequent meeting of the company held on 
Tuesday evening following these appointments were made; 
George Smith, Treasurer ; E. Bugg, Secretary. 

The house burned was a large dwelling nearly completed 

for Mr. Stewart, near the river in the upper part of the town. 

As the building had not been delivered, the loss was divided 

between Mr. Stewart and the builders—Messrs. Bates and 

' Dibble. 

This was a hard year with the Indians across the river, 

I 

 28 

DAILY MAILS. 

INCIDENTS. 

29 

and increased vigilance to prevent them committing depreda 
tions was found to be necessary. They suffered greatly for 
the want of food—which was ascribed in part to the failure 
of their corn crops and in part to the scarcity of game, and 
they were terribly afflicted with the small pox. They were 
constantly begging at every house, and subsisted in great 
part on roots and the bark of trees. During this year Dr. 
DeGraffenried visited the Nation, and on his return advised 
general vaccination as a preventive of small pox in Colum 
bus. There were one or two cases in the town, and alarm on 
the subject extended to the surrounding country. 

On the 15th of October, the building committee of the 
Presbyterian Church announced that the house would be 
dedicated on the following Sunday, when a collection would be 
taken up to assist in paying the sum due on the building. 
They also returned thanks to the citizens for liberal contribu 
tions towards this church. Mr. J. S. Norman was Secretary. 

The local causes of sickness in some parts of the town, 
mentioned in the first chapter of this compilation, seem to 
have found, during this year, fit conditions for their develop 
ment. " On the 20th of October, the Enquirer said: 

"Our town has suffered much in comparison with other years. 
Sickness has been confined almost exclusively to sections of the town 
where there are large quantities of standing water, collected by exces 
sive rains which fell in August and September. On Broad street and 
some other portions of the town there has been almost perfect health. 
The local causes which have produced disease the present season will 
be entirely removed before the return of another summer." 

November 19—Number of deaths that have occurred in the town 
of Columbus from the first day of June, 1831, to this date, taken by 
order of the Commissioners: White adiilts 20; white children 20; 
black adults 8; black children 9; total 57. 

Out of the above number forty have died of fever, three in child 
bed, and two from intemperance. . 

Columbus then had a Northern mail daily, via Augusta, 
Milledgeville and Macon, and a daily Southern mail via Mont 
gomery and Mobile. There was also a stage line from Colum 
bus to Macon, run via Thomaston and Forsyth, and the fare 

I 

was $8 50 to Macon. The stage left Columbus every Friday 
at 7 a. m., and arrived at Macon about noon on Sunday, trav 
eling only in the day time. There were several other weekly 
mails, but we are not informed as to their modes of convey 
ance. 

INCIDENTS. 

The steamboats, whose arrivals and departures during the 
year we find noticed were the following: Herald, Plaquemine, 
Marion, Baltimore, Jenkins, Georgian. 

There was great rejoicing over the arrival of the Georgian 
on the 12th of January, not only because she was owned by 
a Columbus company, but because she was intended to inau 
gurate competition in boating. A large crowd met her at the 
wharf, and hailed her arrival by a salute from a cannon, &c. 
She had on her own decks over 1,000 barrels of freight, and 
towed the barge Mary Jones with 700 barrels. 

The Muscogee Bible Society was in active operation, sup 
plying Bibles to the destitute. There was also a circulating 
library. 

In February, II. W. Hilliard retired from the editorial 
management of the Enquirer. 

A new ferry, about one mile below the town, was establish 
ed in June, by S. M. Ingersoll and Seaborn Jones. 

Columbian Lodge celebrated the 24th of June—Garrett 
Hallenbeck orator. 

The 4th of July was again celebrated with cannon, the read 
ing of the Declaration, an address by N. B. Bond, Esq., and a 
dinner. 

The pioneer military company, the "Frontier Guards," dis 
banded, and in September; the "Columbus Volunteers" were 
organized, with A. S. Eutherford Captain. 

A volunteer military company for temporary service, if 
needed, in quelling an apprehended outbreak commenced by 
the slaves belonging to the Indians, was formed in October. 
It was in command of Jas. C. Hall and E. B. W. Spivey. 
The outbreak did not occur, or did not reach Columbus. 

 30 

PERSONAL. 

EVENTFUL YEAR. 

31 

Cotton came in quite freely in the fall, and was quoted in 
November 6 J to 7^c.; in December 6^ to 8c. 

In -October, Sowell Woolfolk was elected Senator, and 
Willis P. Baker Representative of Muscogee county. 

PERSONAL. 

Eev. J. Boring was the Methodist Minister in charge this 
year, and Eev. A. Hamill P. E. of Columbus District. 

The following were grand jurors for Muscogee, at the 
Spring term, 1831: John^McClusky, Geo. W. Elliott, W. II. 
Alston, J. T. Kilgore, W. D. Lucas, Harvey Hall, Girard 
Birde, J. Hitchcock, A. E. Mershon, S. M. Ingersoll, J. B. 
Kennedy, A. F. Moore, J. P. Jackson, G. W. Dillard, H. C. 
Phelps, H. C. Dawson, B. G. G. A. Lucas. 

George W. Dillard was announced in April as the proprie 
tor of the " Globe Tavern." 

John G. Prince, a late comer and a merchant of Colurnbus, 
was drowned in the river, while bathing, on —th of July. 
He was from Salem, Mass. 

John and Frances Love took charge of the Mclntosh Hall, 
a new hotel, in October. 

M. M. Hinch had charge of the Jackson Hotel. 

The Columbus Democrat was published this year, but we 
find no reference to the time when it was started. 

Latest quotations, Dec. 31sfc: Bacon 12c.; Bagging 21 to 
25c.; Corn 37c.; Cotton 5 to 7Jc.; Coffee 17 to 20c.; Flour 
$8 to $9; Molasses 50c.; Sugar 9 to lOJc. 

We find the following names of business and professional 
men, not included in previous notices: 

Merchants—Mauley & Harris, Harvey Hall, bourse & Clark, Smith 
& Morgan, P. P. Guayard, Jones & Harper, E. S. Norton, Scott & 
Kennedy, Dillingham & Tarver, B. Wells & Co., Clifton & Kennedy, 
Lawbon & Howell, L. G. Alien, Lewis Leon, D. W. Parr, B. 
Featherton, James Kivlin, Wm. H Harper. 

• Lawyers—John Taylor, Lemuel Merrell, Alfred Iverson, John 
Milton, A. S. Rutherford, James II. Shorter, Bailey & Gordon, Alien 
Lawhon, James A. Berthelot, Grigsby E. Thomas. 

Warehousemen—W. II. Kimbrough, Seaborn Jones & S. K. Hodges, 
M. W. Thweatt. 

Doctors.—Broadnax. Teachers—Miss Frances Gmiby, Garrett Hal- 
lenbeck. .Milliner, &c.—Mrs. Sledge. Shoe-Maker—Kobt. K. West, 
Cabinet-Makers—Button & Stanley. Dentist—John A. Cleveland. 
Jeweller—Wm. Russell. 

MARRIAGES. 

Jan. 27—William Holland and Miss Martha Bilbro. 

March 29—Dr. Bobt. A. Ware and Miss Margaret C. Ellison. 

April 6—Daniel D. Ridenhoirr and Miss Amelia Bennett. 

April 7—Alfred Iverson and Miss Julia Frances, daughter of Hon. 
John Forsyth (near Augusta.) 

Aug. 15—J. A. Hudson and Miss Martha E. Abercrombie. 

Aug. 30—Dr. J. C. Sullivan and Miss Josephine Grinage. 

Dec. 22—Robert Henry Brown and Miss Sarah Pride. 

DEATHS. 

Jan. 25—Win. Walker, sr. 

May 7—Garland, infant son of Oliver Jeter. 

June o—Mrs. Mary M. Griffin, wife of A. B. Griffin. 

Sept. 19—Mrs. Eleanor Johnson, wife of Robt. G. Johnson. 

Sept. 24—Mrs. Martha Lucas, wife of Robert Lucas. 

Oct. 1—Edmund Bugg, Town Clerk. 

Sept. 29—James M. Hitchcock. 

Oct. 10—Martha Caroline, daughter of John and Sophia Warren. 

Oct. 4—Adelia Maria ; Oct. 8th, Georgiana Adaline; and Oct. 14th, 
Delia—all daughters of Wm. D. and Mary H. Lucas; and Oct. 9th, 
Mrs. Mary H. wife of William D. Lucas. 

Oct. 14—James Thweatt. 

Oct. 13—Mrs. Clarissa, wife of Stoddard Rockwell. 

Oct. 16—Caroline Eliza, daughter of Wm. D. Lucas. 

Oct. 20—Harris McClesky, son of John McClesky. 

1832. 

First Bridge Commenced—A Sad and Memorable Duel— 
Another Bank—Ben Marshall's Reserve (Girard) Purchased 
—Business Largely Increased—A Mayor's Court Estab 
lished, $c. T 

This was an eventful year for Columbus, and one in which 
the citizens appear to have exhibited more public spirit and 

 32 

THE FIRST BRIDGE. 

FATAL DUEL. 

S3 

enterprise than in any previous year of the settlement. Good 
navigation continued until late in the spring, and opened 
again early in November, and large stocks of goods were re 
ceived and sold. The year was also a healthy one. 

In January the following municipal ticket was elected for 
the year 1832: | 

Intcndant—Samuel Lawhon. ' 

Commissioners—G. E. Thomas, Charles D. Stewart, G. W. Dilling- 
ham, Hiram Nourse, William D. Lucas, Elisha Tarver. 

II. C. riielps was Town Clerk. 

One of the first acts of the new Board was to advertise for 
proposals to build a bridge across the Chattahoochee. The 
bridge was to be about four hundred feet long, including the 
abutments, and to be built high and strong and of good mate 
rials. During the first week in March, the proposal of John 
Godwin, of Cheraw, S. C., was accepted; the plan of Ithiel 
Town's patent to be followed, with stone piers and abutments, 
for $14.000. Daniel Pratt, of Clinton, furnished the model 
adopted, and was paid §100 for it. Mr. Godwin, with a large 
force, commenced work on the bridge in May, but did not f 
finish it this year. 

On the 23d of January an event occurred which shocked 
the community, and made men think more seriously of the 
sad results likely to follow the many personal quarrels (gen 
erally springing from politics) that were then so common. 
One of these difficulties occurred between Gen. Sowell Wool- 
folk, then State Senator, and who had represented the county 
in one branch of the Legislature each year since its organiza 
tion, and Major Joseph T. Camp, a talented lawyer and pop 
ular man. They had had a difficulty, without the use of 
weapons, at Milledgeville, and had then repaired to Fort 
Mitcliell to settle the affair with pistols, but it was there 
adjusted temporarily. Then followed some publications in 
the paper, in which it was made to appear that the concession 
had been entirely on the side of Camp, and this led to a re 
newal of hostile correspondence, with the sad result told in 
the following "obituary" from the Enquirer; 

"On Monday last, 23d instant, an unfortunate meeting, commonly 
known by the name of an affair of honor, took place nwir Fort Mitch- 
ell, between Gen. Sowell Woolfolk and Major Joseph T. Camp, which 
terminated in the death of the former. Gen. Vfoolfolk was shot 
through the breast, and expired in a few seconds, and Major Camp 
narrowly escaped life, being shot through the abdomen, but fortunate 
ly for Mm without entering the hollow. 

"The next day the body of Gen. Woolfolk was brought to this city 
and interred with military and Masonic honors. His remains were 
followed by the most numerous and respectable concourse of his 
friends, acquaintances and fellow-citizens which has ever been seen on 
such an occasion. 

"In recording this melancholy occurrence humanity shudders at the 
reflection that the talents, worth and chivalry of our country should 
be subject to such a barbarous custom. No matter how high and re 
spectable in society, how surrounded with friends, how closely 
united and necessary to the peace and comfort—yea, even the neces 
sity of a wife and family—how useful and important to the State— 
all must bow before the unrelenting tyrant. Gen. Woolfolk was 
warm, devoted friend, a kind and an affectionate brother, a tender 
and indulgent husband and father, -the idol of his family, and occu 
pied a high position in the influence of .his fellow-citizens. But he is 
no more! His relatives bewail his loss; to his country his talents and 
usefulness are gone forever. He has frequently represented this 
county in the Legislature of the State, and by that body was promoted 
to the rank of a Brigadier-General, and he has never sought in vain the 
confidence and suffrage of his generous people. But he is gone for 
ever. No more shall his high and buoyant step gladden the heart of 
his disconsolate wife; no more shall his cheering voice awaken the 
smile of Ms infant child. 'Alas! nor wife nor child shall he again 
behold; nor friends nor sacred home.' " 

This being the 100th anniversary of the birthday of Wash 
ing, the 22d of February was celebrated with much anima 
tion. The Columbus Musketeers, the Masonic fraternity and 
a large concourse of citizens formed the procession to the 
new Methodist Church, where, after a prayer by the Eev. Mr. 
Few, Washington's Farewell Address was read by Dr. John 
J. Wilson, and an appropriate oration delivered by James 
Van Ness, Esq. A public dinner followed, as usual, at the 
Columbus Hotel. 

About this time Congress passed an act authorizing the 
corporation of the town of Columbus to select two acres of 

 GKEAT PURCHASE. 

INCIDENTS. 

35 

land on the Alabama side for the abutment of the bridge 
across the Chattahoochee; but this grant was to be "subject 
to the incumbrauce of the Indian claim," and no houses were 
to be erected thereon [by the town, authorities] even after the 
extinction of the Indian title. 

Later in the year (June 22d) the Enquirer announced the 
sale of these two acres and other land on the Girard side, as 
follows: 

Great Purt'iuise—By the treaty recently concluded at Washington 
with the Ureek Indians, a reserve of one mile square, situated imme 
diately opposite the town of Columbus, and bounded by the western 
bank of the Chattahoochee, was granted iu fee simple to Benjamin 
Marshall, a half breed Indian. This reserve from its location on the 
Chattahoochee, at the head of steamboat navigation, and its con 
tiguity to Columbus, has been supposed to possess many advantages, 
and to be very valuable. It was purchased of the grantee on the 19th 
inst., by Col. Daniel McDougald, of Harris, and Dr. Robert Collins, 
of Macon, for the sum of thirty-five thousand dollars. The lines 
marking the reserve have not yet been run, but it is supposed will ex 
tend from the upper limit of this town to some distance below the 
center. The bridge now constructing across the Chattahoochee river 
will rest on this reserve, and possibly the ferry owned by the corpora 
tion of ColuniDus may land within its limits. 

We learn from one of the owners that this property has been pur 
chased with a view of establishing a town on the opposite bank of the 
river, and with the design of enjoying the advantages and facilities 
afforded by the falls for milling and manufacturing purposes, and 
those presented by the erection of a bridge. 

We may get some idea of the extent of the export trade 
of Columbus for this year from the following statement of 
the outgoing commerce of Apalachicola. Exports from Apa- 
lachicola for the six months ending July 1st: Cotton, 16,000 
bales; hides, 2,528; lumber, 491,000 feet; sugar, 129 hhds.; 
staves, 40,000; vessels entered 64 ; cleared 67. Of course all 
this cotton was not shipped from Columbus, but all the cotton 
which Columbus shipped that year must have gone to Apa 
lachicola. It is probable that very little of the other articles 
(except perhaps hides) went from Columbus. 

On the 4th of August, the 'Enquirer^ noticing the presenta 

tion to the three banks of the town of bills to the amount 
of $93,000, all of which was promptly paid, said: 

"Well done, Columbus ! Pour years ago a howling wilderness; now 
a handsome town, with a population of 1,800 souls and three banks in 
successful operation to meet their paper with silver if necessary. In 
addition to the heretofore rapid growth of our town, we notice on 
Broad street several large and costly brick buildings growing up, and 
a very extensive warehouse and other arrangements making to receive 
the cotton crop of next season. Twice the quantity of goods sold 
last year are being ordered for the ensuing fall and winter, and every 
preparation is being made to afford facilities for trade and pay liberal 
prices for cotton. The corporation is building a splendid bridge 
across the river, which will add much to the beauty and convenience 
of our town. We have three churches, a theatre, a book store, and a 
circulating library, and last, but not least, a handsome public garden, 
now in successful operation. It is situated at the lower end of the 
town, along the bank of the river, opposite that very abundant spring 
called Hansill's spring. This garden, called "Spring Garden," was 
commenced It whiter by Mr. Henry C. Phelps, and by whose indus 
try and scientific taste, it has become a beautiful and pleasant resort 
for our citizens; at the same time affording a delicious harvest of all 
the various vegetables and fruits common to this latitude." 

The following were the names, and the condition on the 1st 
December of this year, of the three banks above referred to: 

The Farmers' bank, with paid up capital stock of $60,000, bad bills 
in circulation to amount of .'-91,881; deposits $32,579; silver 
$70,171 71; gold bullion $18,000. 

The Bank of Columbus, with a paid up capital of $120,000, had in 
circulation $229,972; deposits $13,603 50; silver $132,951 92; gold 
$3fll 50. 

The Insurance Bank, with capital stock of $150,000, had in circu 
lation $101,299 ; deposits $7,Q65 23, gold and silver $70,375 72. 

In December the Legislature passed an act to establish a 
Mayor's Court for the town of Columbus. 

INCIDENTS. 

A gin factory was started early in this year by Ephraim 
Brown. 

A treaty made with the Indians, this year, by the United 
States Government, gave great satisfaction to the citizens of 
Columbus. By this treaty the Creek Nation of Indians ceded 
to the United States all their lands in Alabama, and were to 

I 

 36 

INCIDENTS. 

PERSONAL. 

37 

be removed to a location west of Mississippi river within five 
years. The Choctaws had previously made a, similar treaty- 
The Creek Chiefs signing this treaty were Opotheoholo (he 
who "had no father or mother—thunder and lightning- 
struck a hollow tree, and out jumped Opotheoholo,") Tucka- 
batchee Hadjo, Enematta, William McGilivray, and Benjamin 
Marshall. 

The receipt of goods in 24 days from New York was con 
sidered such a feat of rapid transportation as to call for special 
notice at this period. 

The Bank of Columbus went into active operation in the 
spring. Gen. James C. Watson was President, Burton Hep- 
burn Cashier, and James C. Watson, James Wadsworth, 
Daniel McDougald, Lewis C. Alien and Jona. A. Hudson Di 
rectors. 

On the 4th of July the procession was headed by the Mus 
keteers and the Temperance Society; prayer by Rev. Mr. 
Few, reading by James Childers, and oration by James A. 
Berthelot. 

A female academy, under the superintendence of Misses 
Gunby and Grigg, was open in July; it was announced in 
December that Eev. John Baker had been employed to take 
charge of the male academy. Mrs. E. J. Smith had a music 
and painting school. G. J. McCleeky had an "infant school." 

There was some alarm, this year, about the cholera, which 
prevailed in other places, but Columbus escaped. 

The first load of new cotton of this year was brought in 
on the 27th of September, and on the 28th about 20 bales 
were received. Price 9 cents. 

At the Presidential election, Columbus gave 252 votes for 
the Jackson (or Troup) electors, and 15 for the Clay (or 
Clark) ticket. 

The Enquirer was somewhat "stirred up" by the passage 
of three loads of cotton from Harris county through Colum 
bus to Montgomery. Since that time the railroads have reg 
ulated this matter better. 

Cotton was quoted at 6J to Sc. in January, 9 cents in Sep 
tember, 10| cents in November, 8J to 9£ in December. 

Steamboat arrivals during the year: Baltimore, Marion, 
Plai[uemine, Georgian, Cliattahoochee, Van Buren, Columbus. 

PERSONAL. 

A. ITamill was presiding elder, and I. A. Few stationed 
Methodist preacher in Columbus this vear. 

W. D. Lucas had charge of the Columbus ferry and Mar 
shall's grist and saw mills. 

The following served as grand jurors, spring term, 1832: 
Jiis. Colcman, Win. Kirk, C. M. Parian, Iliridemaii Owens, A. S. 
Clifton, R. D. Wyclie, J. Thorn ton, G. W. Uillingham, L. J. Davies, 
L. C. Alien, II. K. Hill, II. S. Smith, J. L. Cuiminghain, Oliver Jeter, 
IX B. Nau-w, Thomas Davis, Isaac W. Webb, Win. Rogers. 

The Temperance Society appears to have been, active and 
flourishing. The following were the officers of this year: 

Rev. I. A Few, President; R^v. John Baker, Vice, President, 
Gen. N. Howard, Secretary; G. 15. Thomas, Dr. J. J. Wilson, John 
CoJeman, Hiram Nourse, C. E. Bartlett, Jam^s Norman and Wm. 
Root, Executive Committee. 

A Health Committee for this year consisted of Drs. Chil 
ders, Clifton, Thornton, Broadnax, and Messrs. C. E. Bart- 
lett, Phil. B. Woodruff, A. B. Davis, and James Ivivlin. 

In October, W. D. Lucas was elected Senator, and A. J. 
Tliornton and E. W. B. Spivey Representatives. 

Tlios. M. Dennis was acting Postmaster of Columbus, 
during the latter part of this year. 

Sol. Smith and company filled a theatrical engagement in 
May. 

Wm. D. Hargrove was Sheriff; Wm. Holland, Deputy 
Sheriff; John Townsend, Clerk Court Ordinary; A. B. Grif 
fin, Clerk Superior Court. 

The grand jurors for the fall term were: 

Nicholas Howard, foreman; J. W. Fannin,jr., E. B. W. Spivey, 
James Wodsworth, Charles I,. Bass, Matt. R. Evans, E. S. Norton 
J. L. Cunningham, Win. Clark, Geo. N- Laugford, Stephen JKii'viii, 
J- P. Jackson, 8. It. Andrews, Alex. Ligon, Wm. Rogers, John Jolm- 
ston, Wm. Williaiuson, Drury Miins. 

o 

 88 

MARRIAGES AND DEATHS, ETC. 

CHOLERA. 

39 

MARRIAGES. 

-Feb. 16—Thos. S. Martin, of Columbus, and Miss Mary Springer, 
of Carroll. 

March 29—James G. Godfrey and Miss Laura M. Pride. 

April 18—David Lopez and Miss Catharine D. Hinton. 

June 20 —John Spearman and Miss Mary Ann Butt. 

July 18—Geo. W. Dillingham, of Columbus, and Miss Lucy E. 
Ticknor, of Jones. 

July 25—Gen. James N. Betliune, of Columbus, and Miss Frances 
Gunby, of Columbia Comity. 

Aug. 25—Michael 14. Clark and Miss Pamelia Hale. 

Dec. 17—Moses Yarbrougli and Miss Harriet Harper. 

DEATHS. 

Feb. 5—James Bosworth, formerly of Augusta. 

March 24—Harvey H. Squire, merchant, aged 2?, formerly of Mas 
sachusetts. 

April 5—Mrs. Margaret Jeter, formerly of Lincoln county, aged 40 
years. 

April 12—Wm. A. Hitchcock, tax receiver, aged 32, son of Col. Jas. 
Hitchcock. 

Oct. 20—Nathaniel P. Bond, Esq., formerly of Savannah. 

Nov. 14-—James II. Westmorcland. 

The following are names of business men or firms, not no 
ticed in the personals of previous years : 

Merchants—J. P. Jackson, J. S. Smith & Co., O. W. Bird, Harvey 
Hall & Jacob I.Moses, Bird & Bnckham, Calvin Strattou, Stewart 
& Fontahie, \Vm. Jones & Co., Tarver & Squire, E. Featherston, 
Lauhon & llowell, Win. P. Maloue, Geo. Grieves, Win. II. Kinr 
brough, Hudson & Feltoii. 

JttHKksmilli—Jona. P. Jackson. 

. Warelurusenwn—'E,. S. Shorter, B. P. Tarver & Jas. II. Shorter, W. 
H. Harper & Felix Lewis, Morris & Evans, Pontaine, Moroni & 
Perry, U m. II. Kimbrongh. 

Carpenter—Charles M. Sledge; Lawyers—John Schley, Milton & 
Lawhon; liotikbmders—Pnrves & Parliam, Van Ness, Bethune & 
Cliue; JTotel Keepers—Elislia Tarver, John Love, Pomroy & Mon- 
tai-'ue; Di i<ggist—Thomas Lang; Uoctors—Mills & Chipley, A. P. 
Mauley, David Cooper, Wilson &Childers; Mere/wait Tailor—Thomas 
.Beard; Jjentists—B. S. Drake, A. L. Keagy, E. H. Macou ; Cotton 
Buyers—Smith & Morgan, M. AY. Perry; Auctioneer—E.S.Norton; 
Insurance Agent—G. W. Dillingham ; Millinery—Mrs. Sledge, Miss 
Eleonora McCall; Livery Stable—J. Bennett. 

I 

1833. 

A Year of Health and Steady Business — Another Startling 

Trayedy. 

For the year 1833 we can find very little of change or of 
remarkable incident on record. Business appears to have 
moved steadily along, without either check or a great accele 
ration. Political excitement ran high between the Troup and 
Clark parties, and occasioned many personal controversies, 
the sad result of one of which forms the most startling inci 
dent in the history of the town for that year. 

At the election on the first Monday in January, the follow 
ing municipal officers were chosen: 

Jntendant—Alien Lawhon. 

Cwminaxirmers—Eli S. Shorter, Charles D. Stewart, A. S. Clifton, 
James D. Lucas, Joseph T. Kilgore, Hampton S. Smith. 

Sheriff of Mayor's Court—W. D. Hargrove. 

Clerk of flliiynr's Cimrl—John Townsend. 

Officers elected by Tntendant and Commissioners: 

Clerk—Henry C. PlieJps; Treasurer—S. E. Andrews; Marshal— 
James C. Holland; Cl rk of Market—P. W. Flyiiu. 

On the same day the following gentlemen were elected 
Judges of the Inferior Court of Muscogee county for the en 
suing year: 

Ebenezcr Torreiice, James Hitchcock, Job Rogers, Alexander Scott, 
and AnrLerson Speer. 

The excitement on the subject of the cholera, which con 
tinued its ravages in some parts of the country, was to some 
extent shared in Columbus. The scourge reached Apalachi- 
cola, and its existence in that town, with which Columbus 
had such direct and indispensable communication, quickened 
the apprehension on the subject. A meeting of citizens to 
consider the matter was held in June', and a report submit 
ted by a committee composed principally of physicians was 

 40 STARTLING TRAGEDY. 

adopted. It recommended the strictest attention to diet, 
cleanliness, temperance, &c., and the keeping of the Indians 
out of town; but it did not reeommend%a quarantine against 
Apalachicola, though we find that navigation had not at that 
time closed for the summer. Columbus escaped the cholera, 
and we may add that it has escaped during every visitation 
of this dreadful disease to America. 

The tragedy to which we have above alluded, and which 
for a long time afterwards caused rankling and bitter feelings, 
occurred on the 14th of August. It was the killins; of Mai- 

O O .' 

Joseph T. Camp by Col. John Milton. They were opposing 
politicians, Milton being a Troup, and Camp a Clark man, 
and both were lawyers of ability. The quarrel commenced 
with a communication signed "Carroll," published in the Co 
lumbus .Deiuocrat, which harshly attacked Milton. The editor 
of the Democrat was _ Cosam Emir Bartlett, and upon him 
Milton made a demand for the name of the . writer of the 
communication. Bartlett refused to give the name, but 
avowed his own personal responsibility. This led to a card 
from Milton, published in the Enquirer, in which he declared 
that- no man of honor could notice Bartlett, because of his 
"debased condition in society." Milton further said in his 
card that he was satisfied that he knew the writer of "Carroll," 
and he proceeded to particularize him in such a way as to 
show that he understood Camp to he the man. lie "venti 
lated" Camp's previous life, or some reported incidents in his 
previous life, in a caustic manner. Camp replied in a style 
equally contemptuous and abusive, neither admitting nor de 
nying that he wrote the communication " Carroll," but con 
tending that Bartletf s assumption of responsibility for it was 
sufficient on that point. The matter rested here, so far as 
newspaper controversy was involved, for about three weeks, 
but old citizens say that insults were exchanged between 
them occasionally on the streets until the day of the killing 
of Camp. This event was thus noticed by the Enquirer of 
August 10th: 

INCIDENTS. 

41 

• 

" On Monday morning last Maj. Joseph T. Camp of this place was 
killed by Col. John Milton. 

" As there had been existing between these two gentlemen for some 
time a controversy, which has resulted thus tragically, and as we 
doubt not many and contradictory reports have gone out in relation to 
it, we presume that our readers are desirous of hearing a correct 
account of the affair. 

" That we may be the better able to give this, we shall confine our 
selves to the testimony, which was heard before the examining court. 

" Immediately after the occurrence Col. Milton gave himself up to 
the civil authorities, and was brought before Judge Thomas for exam 
ination. Upon the examination, it appeared in evidence that there 
had been a long standing difficulty between the deceased and Milton ; 
that Milton had frequently understood recently that the deceased bad 
threatened to shoot him in the street. On Monday morning last, Mil 
ton was standing on the street near Gen. Howard's store, and saw 
Camp coming down the street in the direction of where he was stand 
ing—he stept into the store and picked up a double barrel gnu and sbot 
Camp, discharging the first barrel into his left breast and the other, 
as he fell, into his back. Upon the hearing of the testimony, the 
Court upon application admitted tbe prisoner to bail. On Thursday 
the grand jury found a true bill for murder, and on Friday the coun 
sel on the part of prosecution moved to have Milton committed; upon 
hearing of argument the court decided he should be admitted to bail." 

INCIDENTS. 

The territory acquired from the Creek Indians having been 
divided into counties, in December, 1832, by the'Legislature 
of Alabama, the county.of Russell was then formed, and we 
find that early in 1833 some apprehension prevailed in Co 
lumbus that the county seat would be located " on the western 
bank of the Chattahoochee, immediately opposite Columbus," 
and that this would be "the first movement towards the es 
tablishment of a rival town." 

The market house having been burned clown (the* exact 
date not appearing,) the Clerk of Council advertised on the 
6th of April for proposals to build a new one, "precisely as 
the old one was, with the exception of a ceiling above, which 
is to be added." 

NOTE.—The flies for the months of September and October, as well 
as occasional numbers in other months of this year, being missing, 
some incidents worthy of note in the history of the town are no doubt 
lost to us. 

I 

 42 

PEESONAL. 

PEBSONAL. 

43 

The steamboat Georgia, 011 her way to Columbus, was snag 
ged and sunk in December, with her whole cargo. The 
goods on board belonging to Columbus merchants were 
insured. The boat'was raised again, and was running in 1881. 

Latest quotations of this year, Dec. 14: Cotton 91 to 10; 
Bagging 25 to 30; Bacon 15 to 18; Coffee 15 to 20 ; Corn 
50 to 62\ • Molasses 40 to 45; Sugar 10 to 14. 

The celebration of Washington's birth-day was again one 
of interest. The farewell Address was read by E. T. Marks, 
and the address delivered by Samuel W. Flournoy. John H. 
Love was Marshal of the day. 

PEESONAL. 

Samuel E. Andrews was for a long time one of the most 
useful and trusted citizens of Columbus. No man stood higher 
for unyielding integrity and an old-time candor and sincerity 
that commended him to the entire confidence of his fellow- 
citizens. Besides holding the office of Town Treasurer, he 
was for years an Alderman and a Justice of the Inferior 
Court, which position he graced by his impartiality and good 
sense. He was a builder by occupation, and many edifices 
whose erection he superintended dot the city. He died in 
1862, at a good old age. 

Dr. Stephen M. Ingersoll was a man of original views and 
much business enter] irise. He removed quite early to Eusscll 
county, nearly opposite Columbus, and for some time gave the 
city trouble by his litigation for Alabama rights which he 
claimed for the west bank of the river. He was much liked 
by the Indians, and, while he was prompt to inform the whites 
of any hostile demonstrations or intentions by the red men, he 
always opposed any harsh treatment of the latter. lie ac 
quired considerable property in Bussell county, and had 
generally on foot some business enterprise in which the public, 
were interested. He died two or three years ago, at an age 
not far short of four-score. 

Seaborn Jones removed from Millcclgeville to Columbus. 
He was one of the shrewdest and most successful lawyers in 

Georgia, well versed in the pleadings, and managing his cases 
with an adroitness that often surprised opposing counsel. He 
was elected to Congress, this year, in a contest that greatly 
divided the vote of Muscogee county—both M. B. Lamar and 
John Milton opposing him, and Lainar especially taking off 
many votes that Jones would have received had he not been 
in the field. He made an able member of Congress, and was 
again elected in 1844, by a close vote, after a spirited contest 
with the able Whig candidate, Wm. H. Crawford of Surnter. 
He died March 18, 1864, in the —— year of his age. 

John Godwin, builder of the first bridge across the Chatta- 
hoochee, was a native of North Carolina, but removed from 
Cheraw, S. C., to Columbus after making the contract to build 
the bridge. He did not reside immediately in the city for 
any length of time, but went over into Alabama, and lived " 
in the immediate vicinity of Fort Ingersoll, a little military 
post on the hill upon which the Baptist Church in Girard 
now stands.' A number of business men of Columbus lived 
there at that time, transacting their business in town during 
the day, and sleeping across the river at night. 

Mr. Godwin was a man of much mechanical skill, and be 
came quite famous as a bridge builder. He was a most use 
ful man in a territory such as this section of Georgia and 
Alabama was at the time when he removed to it, and though 
he is now dead, some of his works of public improvement 
"live after him." He acquired a quantity of valuable land 
in .Eussell county, and made some improvements far in ad 
vance of those common in the country at that time. He 
never filled or sought public office. He died in February, 
1859, at the age of 61 years. 

Ulysses Lewis was a man of characteristics peculiarly fitted 
to impress and mould frontier society, and no doubt contrib 
uted much to the giving of tone to the civilization of both 
Columbus and Eusscll County, Ala., to which county he re 
moved with the first wave of white settlement, lie was 
sternly upright and just, with a courage for any emergency, 

 44 

PERSONAL. 

MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. 

and a fund of hard common sense that made him the very 
man for leadership in such a country. After his removal to 
Alabama, he was for a number of years Judge of the County 
(now Probate) Court of Russell, and made one of the best and 
most satisfactory county officers in the State. He died in 
August, 1856. 

Sol Smith, with his theatrical troupe, again entertained the 
citizens, in his own theatre, which, with the lot on which it, 
stood (No. 147) and several other lots, were offered for sale 
by him in April. Palmer's Theatre and Yeaman's Circus also 
paid the town a visit. . 

Gov. Forsyth visited Columbus in May, and was tendered a 
public dinner, hut, declined. 

On the 4th' of July, the Declaration was read by Dr. E. L. 
DeGraffenreid, and the oration delivered by S. W. Flournoy- 

On the 5th of July, Hillery Triplett, (whose name was as 
sociated with several personal quarrels during the first year 
or two of the town,) was killed by -—— Cogbill, at the public- 
house of George W. Elliott, in the vicinity of the locality on 
which the town of Crockettsville (afterwards Crawforcl) was 
built. 

Col. Hardeman Owens, previously of Columbus, was killed 
at his residence in the Creek territory, on the 31st of July, by 
a, party of United States soldiers. 

The following are the names of steamboats given in the list 
of arrivals during the year : Chattahoochee, Columbus, Ver 
sailles, Georgian, Baltimore, Andrew Jackson, Van Buren. 
The two first named were new, capacious and elegant boats 
built expressly for this trade. 

Rev. Ignatius A. Few was Presiding Elder of the District, 
and Rev. Jesse Boring stationed M. E. Minister for Columbus. 

In March, Messrs. Van Ness and Cline having withdrawn, 
James 1ST. Bethune became sole proprietor of the 1'Jnqiiircr. 

The following persons served as grand jurors at the spring 
term of Muscogee Superior Court, 1883: Jas. Daniel, M. N. 
CJark, Henry Lee, John Fantaiue, Burtlett Wycks, S. 1L An 

drews, J. T. Kilgore, Darius Cox, Theo. Sapp, "Willis P. 
Baker, James Riley, B. Massey, Edward Carcy, Thos. P. Bry- 
an, Josiah Grimes, E. W. B. Spivey, William Rogers, Chau- 
cey Porneroy, L. J. Davies and S. W. Langston. 

Wm. L. Jeter had editorial charge of the Ennuirer clurino- 
the latter part of Uiis year. 

We find advertisements or other mention of the following 
business men not hitherto noticed: 

Merchants—Jacob M. Johnson, Wm. T'. Mnloiie, Wm. Beardsley &. 
Co., Grant & Wliiltidi, E. Bland & II. B. Millikfn. 

Doctors—Thos. Hoxey, John A. Urqnhart, K. W. Carries. 

Lawyers—Samuel W. Flournoy, II. J. Harwell, Alfred Iverson, B. 
V. Iverson. 

CuUi^t MnJcr.rs—Tlios. W. Button, J. B. W. White: Jewelers—3. 
A. S. Turner & Co.: Milliner—Mrs. Gnyon: Merchant Tailors—Gen. 
H. &C. A. Pcabody: Mattress llnkiwj—Mrs. Goodall: Baker—F. 
E. Brodee: Dentists—Gabriel S. Fisher, I. S. Drake, S. C. Cacly: 
fJlothiers—Ayer & Smith : Teasers—Mr. Peabcdy, Mrs. E. J. Smith, 
Mrs. H. Blome: Dnufjiat.s—Geo. W. Fletcher & Co. 

MARRIAGES. 

Jan. 30.—"Rev. Andrew Ilnmill and Miss Maria A. Torrence. 
Feb. 12.—Wm. Prido and Mips Caroline McCall. 
March 7.—Richard Owens and Miss Martha Green. 
May 30.—Sampson Hall and Miss Helen Sanders. 

DEATHS. 

Jan. 18.—Mrs. Mary Ivey, wife of M'-Givt Ivey. 
Feb. 15.—Mrs. Catharine Alford. 
Feb. 23.—Samuel Goodall. 
March 4.^-Mrs. Catharine, MaJone. 
July 26.—Dr. Gabriel Fisher, dentist. 

1834. 

Town of Girard Laid Out—The First Brid<je Dispute—An 
"Episcopal Association" Formed—A Broken Bank—A 
Scene of Active Business, &c. 
Mention is made among the incidents of a previous year, 

°t the purchase of Marshall's reserve (opposite Columbus in 

 46 

BRIDGE DISPUTE. 

BROKEN BANK, ETC. 

47 

Alabama) by a Columbus company. We find by an adver 
tisement in the Enquirer that this company proposed to sell, 
on the 2d of June of^this year, 500 building lots in the town 
of Girard, including the lot on which stood the western abut 
ment .of the bridge across the Chattahoochee, also a valuable 
saw and grist mill and lots containing valuable water privi 
leges. We cannot find any report of this sale in the files for 
June or any other month of the year. But we learn that ex 
tensive building in Girard was going on in 1834 and 1835. 

In January of this year the Legislature of Alabama passed 
an act authorizing Daniel McDougald, Eobert Collins, James 
C. Watson and Burton Ilepburn, constituting the company 
above named, to " make and erect all things necessary to the 
permanent erection of the western abutment of said bridge, 
(the bridge built by the town of Columbus,) on their own 
lands opposite the said town," and to receive one half of the 
tolls accruing from said bridge, upon their payment to the 
Commissioners of one-half the sura expended in building it. 
The act also declared that the then existing location of the 
w -stern abutment of the bridge should be permanent, and 
prohibited any person or corporation to land a bridge on the 
Alabama shore or to use a'ferry within a space of two miles 
above or below. The act stipulated that the authorities of 
the county of Russell and those of the town of Columbus 
should fix the price to be paid by the company for one-half 
interest in the bridge, and in the event of their refusal or 
neglect to do so, then the Commissioners of Eoads and Keve- 
nue of Russell countjr should alone determine the value. 

This proposition of a divided interest in the bridge was not 
accepted by the town of Columbus, and we have no record of • 
the action of the Commissioners' Court of Eussell county in 
reference to it. But disputes as to the riyht of Columbus to 
both ends of the bridge, and of the right of the State of Geor 
gia to both banks of the river, continued for a number of 
years, and led to vexatious conflicts of local jurisdiction and 
personal claims. The controversy ^assumed the form of liti 

gation; the courts of Georgia decided in favor of the rights 
of their State and Columbus, and the courts of Alabama de 
cided in favor of that State and its citizens. Finally the Su 
preme Court of the United States decided, on appeal, that the 
State of Georgia had jurisdiction to the extent of hi'jh water 
mark on both sides of the river. 

On the 8th of March the Enquirer said : 

We now have six boats plying between this place and Apalachicola. 
They were all built in Ohio and brought round by way of New Or 
leans. The first attempt to construct a boat in our section has been 
made within a few months. We understand a substantial light 
draft boat has recently teen launched at Fort Gains by our enter 
prising fellow citizen, Captain Guyard. She is called the "Native 
Georgian," having been built of Georgia timber by Georgia mechanics. 
We hope tiiis laudable undertaking of Captain G. will be liberally re 
warded by a full share of public patronage. 

A meeting was held at the house of Dr. E. L. de Graffcn- 
ried, on the 17th of August, to ascertain the prospects for the 
establishment of an Episcopal Church. A society was formed 
styled the "Columbus Episcopal Association," and the pros 
pects were found to be most encouraging. The communica 
tion reporting the proceedings of this meeting said : 

There are at this time'three churches in this place in flourishing con 
dition, and it was remarked by one gentleman present that there were 
more persons present at the first meeting of this society than the other 
three churches had at their commencement collectively. This shows 
that a little exertion on the part of those in favor of this movement is 
only wanted to insure complete success. 

A bill to incorporate this Church was introduced in the 
Legislature in November. 

Two events of this year gave evidence, which would be 
deemed quite conclusive in our times, that the "trading town" 
was assuming both the airs and the dimensions" of a city. 
These were the possession of a broken Bank and the opening 
of a race course. The suspension of the Bank of Chattahoo 
chee,- in April, created the flutter usually attending such dis 
astrous events. In a few days thereafter an "arrangement" 
was made by which the Bank passed into the hands of a new 
Directorship, composed of Gen. Alien Lavvhon, Thomas L. 

 48 

INCIDENTS. 

Jackson, Col. .John Milton and Robert W. Games, of whom 
Gen. Lawhon was President, and II. W. Carnes Cashier. A 
satisfactory exposition of the affairs of the Bank was promised 
soon, but it remained "suspended." The Enquirer attributed 
the suspension of this Bank to a.change which had been made 
in its management. 

Business opened in a very lively manner this winter, as is 
apparent from the following editorial of December 27th : 

Our town the present week has presented ifnite a business like ap 
pearance. Bales of cotton have rolled down one street, whilst up 
another sacks of s;ilt and coffee., hogsheads of sugar, barrels of strong 
drink and all manner of merchandise have moved to their places of 
deposit, on every imaginable vehicle, from the strongest road wa:.ou 
to the humble wheelbarrow. On Christmas eve we went to the wharf 
to see the cause of so much ado, and there we found seven ber.uti- 
ful steamboats discharging and receiving their cargoes. Three of 
these boats are entirely new and on their lii'st visit to Columbus—viz : 
The Eloisa, the Ellen and the Southron. All are. splendid crafts— 
strong, beautiful and well adapted to the navigation of our river. 
Close beside these, "all in a row,'.' lay our old acquaintances, the 
Columbus, Chattahoochee, Versailles and Georgian. All of these have 
done and are still doing good service. We hail these boats, old and 
new, as evidences of our prosperity, and shall be glad to see them and 
many more plying our river." 

INCIDENTS. 

The new steamer Columbus, Jr., struck a snag on the 23d 
of February, and sunk. No lives lost, v 

This appears to have been the first summer that Columbus 
enjoyed the luxury of ice. A " Columbus Ice Company" had 
been formed, and in March received seventy tons, which was 
stored in its ice-house. Our present venerable and respected 
citizen, James Kivlin, was the agent of the company for the 
sale of it. 

The Siamese Twins exhibited in Columbus in March. 

The Enquirer commenced this year with bright, new type, 
making a handsome appearance, under the management of 
M. B. Lamar ami W. B. Tinslcy. On the 29th of March R 
T. Marks took the place of Mr. Lamar; and on the 12th of 
April Wm. B. Tinsley transferred his interest to W, L. Jeter 

INCIDENTS. 49 

and S. W. Flournoy. It was then for some time published 
by Marks, Flournoy & Jeter. 

A three da.ys' cock fight commenced on the 1st of July. 

B. A. G. Lucas, a former citizen of Columbus, was shot in 
his house, in the Creek nation, by an Indian, and killed, on 
the 29th of May; and on the same day Gen. Edward Feather- 
ston, a citizen of Columbus, was waylaid by an Indian, whose 
gun snapped, and thus the General escaped. Thus the two 
races drifted towards the war that soon followed. 

Eev. John Baker, pastor of the Presbyterian Church, died 
in Virginia on the loth of June. 

In the 4th of July celebration this year, a procession was 
formed in front of Bedell & Walker's City Hall, under direc 
tion of the following officers: President, E. S. Shorter ; Vice 
Presidents J. S. Calhoun, Dr. Iloxey and Ebenezer Torrence; 
Marshals of the day, Asa Bates arid J. C. Holland; marched 
to the Methodist church where prayer was offered up by 
Eev. S. K. Hodges, after which the Declaration was read by 
E. S. Shorter, Esq., and an oration delivered by Judge W. 
T. Colquitt. After the oration the company, amounting to 
three or four hundred, repaired to Messrs. Shorter ,'v Tarver's 
warehouse where a large barbecue had been prepared by Be 
dell & Walker. 

The " Columbus Merchant Mills" were completed this year, 
three miles above Columbus, and were run by James Shivers 
& Co. 

In November the Enquirer office was set on fire by an in 
cendiary, and narrowly escaped destruction. 

The steamboat Van Buren, loaded with cotton, was de 
stroyed-by fire, in December, while on her way from Colum 
bus to Apalachicola. The passengers had to swim ashore, 
but were all saved. The loss was estimated at $45,000. 

In December the bill establishing the Mayor's Court of 
Columbus was repealed. 

 50 

MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. 

INDIAN TROUBLES. 

51 

PERSONAL. 

The following were officers of a "State Eights Auxillian 
Association" organized this year: 

President—Alien Lawhon. 

Vice-Presidents—G. E. Thomas, J. S. Calhoun, M. B. 
Lamar, N. Howard, A. S. Gift m. 

Secretaries—B. W. Carries, Garret Hallenbeck. 

Treasurer—Samuel "W. Mourrioy. 

Printing and Corresponding Committee—M. Torrence, E. S. 
Shorter. W. T. Colquitt, H. J. Harwell, W. B. Tiusley, John 
Milton, J. 1ST. Bethnne. 

Committee on Orators—U. Lewis, J. A. TJrqnhart, C. L. 
Bass, Win. P. Malone, Thomas C. Evans, Wm. 1). Hargrove, 
A. K. Ayer, Jos. T. Kilgore, H. A. Thornton, E. L. Wittich. 

At the October ele.ction, Walter T. Colquitt was elected 
State Senator, and Wm. L. Wynn. and John Woolfolk Bep- 
resentatives. 

MARRIAGES. 

Fob. 20.—A. C. Bostiek and Miss Henrietta C. Macall; Harvey 
Hull and Miss Jane C. Ives. 

March C.—George Montague and Miss Mary Angelhie Parsons. 

April 10—Simeon Patillo and Mi,-iS Harriet Kirklaud. , 

June IS—Wm. D. IlargToves and Mrs. Woolfolk, widow of Sowdl 
Wool folk. 

Nov. 14—Battle A. Sorsby and Miss Elvira, daughter of James (•• 
Cook. 

DIED. 

April 2—Mrs. Jane Odom, consort of John Odom. 

April 27—Samuel, infant son of Dr. Billing. 

May 3—Joseph F. Murray, a native of North Carolina. 

June 9—Mrs. Ann Elizabeth Wynn, wife of Wm. L. Wynn. 

June 12—Mrs. Martha Hudson, wife of Jonathan A. Hudson. 

July 5—Samuel Sully, merchant. 

July 11—George S. Shivers, Esq. 

July 29—Isaac A. Smith, a native of Connecticut. 

Aug. 20—Geo. W. Dillingham, a prominent merchant and citizen* 
foimeiiy of Massachusetts. 

Aug. 14—John W. Stapler. i 

Aug. 20—Mrs. Martha Ann, wife of Moses Jones. 

Sept. 1—Miss Mary Ann, daughter of the late Rev. Elijah Tarver. 

Sept. 4—Henry P. Garrison. 

Sept. 9—Mrs. Mary Vinsou, wife of Peyton Vinson. 
Nov. 19—Mrs. Elizabeth Watson, wife of Gen. James C. Watson. 
Nov.'5—(In Rutherford, N. C.) Mrs. Harriet Camp, widow of Maj. 
(Joseph T. Camp. 

Business men whose advertisements appear for the first 
time: 

M'.rch<rnts—E. E. Powers, G. B. Terry, A. Dodge, M. B. Milliken 
& Co., 3. B. Green & Co., Code & Mathcws, II. Woodruff, Benj. ikm- 
iiey, Peter Ruse, David H. Garland, E. D. Ledyard. 

Doctors—.!. M. Early, A. M. Walker. Lawyers—Tlios. C. MeKeeu, 
John T. Laiukin, Joseplms EcJiols ; Tailors—John Quin, F. A. 
Faircliild; TearJiers—ll. R. McCh'ntoek, Miss Briggs ; >r«re7ioase— 
Augustus Hey ward ; JJeittixt—Tl. B. Martin. 

1835. 

More Indian Hostilities—Citizens Onjanized for Defense— 

Colicndms Gunnls. 

As the files of this year and 1836 are missing from the 
Enquirer office, and we can find only three numbers (Jan. 10 
to Jan. 23, 1835, inclusive,) our report of minor incidents and 
personal intelligence must needs be meagre. We have a file 
of the Macon Jlfessmtjer for the year 1S35, from which we ob-~ 
tain some news of Columbus, and we presume that it would 

»have made some mention of anything important occurring 
here during that year. 
At the January election, the following municipal officers 
were elected: Inteudant, James C. Watson; Commissioners— 
S. E. Bonner, A. S. Clifton, Asa Bates, J. P. H. Campbell, 
George W. Dillard, Lewis C. Alien. 

During this year the troubles with the Indians increased, 
and the outrages committed by them kept the whites con 
stantly in a state of excitement and alarm. The Indians had, 
by a treaty with the Federal Government in 1832, bound 
| themselves to remove from the Alabama territory, opposite 

 52 

N TROUBLES. 

KESOLUTIOXS. 

53 

Columbus, to their nc\v homes west of the Mississippi, within 
five years. But there was a large party (possibly a majority) 
opposed to the treaty at the time, aucl as the period allowed 
by it for llifcir remaining in Alabama drew near its close, they 
became sullen and refractory, and committed many outrages 
both upon the whites and upon those of their own race who 
favored the treaty and its execution. 

Among the outrages reported in the Enquirer for the few 
weeks of this year above mentioned, are the following: Be v. 
Mr. Davis of the Presbyterian Church of Columbus, was 
riding along the road, a few miles from town, when he was 
ambuscaded and shot in the right shoulder by a party of In 
dians. But he escaped death at their hands. "But a few 
weeks ago (said the Enquirer of January 10) an innocent 
child, son of a respectable farmer of Russell county, was shot 
and inhumanly butchered by one of these merciless savages. 
Several others have been shot at and narrowly escaped with 
their lives. It is high time these bloody-thirsty beings should 
be hunted up and made to suffer for their crimes." 

These and other outrages naturally aroused thie citizens to 
the iiecessitv of organization for the protection of themselves 
and their neighbors. We find in the Macon Messenger the 
proceedings of a meeting of the citizens of Columbus, held 
on the 25th of April, 1835, which we copy below: 

In consequence of the present hostile attitude of the Creek Indians 
of Alabama, their numerous aggressions upon the property of citizens 
of Georgia, and their inhuman massacre of several unoffending indi 
viduals, a numerous meeting of the citizens of Columbus, Georgia, 
convened at the Court House in said town, on Saturday the 25th of 
April, to adopt such measures as might be deemed proper and necessary 
to quell the disturbances, and to protect from threatened violation the 
person and property of the inhabitants of Columbus and the territory 
in Georgia, adjacent to the Creek tribe of Indians. 

On motion of John T. Larrikin, Esq., the Hon. Grigsby E. Thomas 
was called to the Chair, and James Van Ness appointed Secretary. 

The object of the meeting was stated at length by the Hon. Eli S. 
Shorter, and the meeting farther addressed by Gen. D. McDongald, 
Rev. Mr. Harris, B. Martin, Esq., and Mr. E. L. Wittich, when the 

following preamble and resolutions, introduced by the latter gentle 
man, were unanimously adopted. 

Whereas, recent acts of hostility upon the part of the Indians in the 
Creek Nation have induced the Grand Jury of this Comity to inves 
tigate the subject, to devise means to put the town of Columbus in a 
more complete state of defence, in case of actual danger and alarm : 
And whereas the Committee appointed by the Grand Jury and the 
Columbus Guards have met and consulted upon the best means neces 
sary to be adopted in the present unprotected state of the town, have 
thought proper to call a meeting of the citizens generally, and propose 
for their adoption the following resolutions: 

Resolved, That the citizens present enroll their names in alphabeti 
cal order, and that they be divided into companies of ten each, com 
mencing at the first name on the list—one of whom shall be captain. 

Resolved, That it shall be the duty of each company to patrol the 
town from 9 o'clock at night until daylight in the morning, for one 
night in regular order, commencing with the first company. 

Resolved, That each member when on patrol be required to be 
armed with a good gun and a sufficient quantity of ammunition. 

Resolved, That when an alarm is given by the guard, each citizen 
repair forthwith to the City Hall, armed for active service. 

On motion of J. P. H. Campbell, Esq., the following resolutions 
were adopted: 

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed for the purpose of 
submitting the proceedings of this meeting to the citizens of the 
town who are not present, and request them to enroll their names. 

Messrs. E. L. Wittich, E. 8. Shorter and M. R. Evans were ap 
pointed this committee. 

The following resolutions, introduced by the lion. E. S. Shorter, 
were adopted: 

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by the Chair, to 
correspond with the Governor of Georgia, to apprise him of the act 
ings and of the present state of our Indian relations, and respectfully 
request him to place a sufficient proportion of the military force of 
this part of the State in a situation for immediate service, and to 
place them under orders to resist and punish any aggressions which 
may be committed by the Indians upon the property, habitations or 
persons of our citizens, committed within our own limits, and if nec 
essary to pursue them within the limits of Alalxi ma. 

Resolved also, That the same commitee be instructed respectfully 
to request the Governor to correspond with the Governor of Alabama, 
and to assure him of the perfect willingness of the people and author 
ities of Georgia to co-operate with the authorities of Alabama in any 

4 

 54 COLUMBUS GUARDS. 

measures which may be deemed necessary in repelling any and all ag 
gressions of the Indians and punishing the offenders. 

Messrs. E. S. Shorter, A. Iverson, and J. P. H. Campbell were ap 
pointed to compose that committee. 

Gen. Daniel McDougald introduced the following resolution, which 
was adopted: 

Resolved, That this meeting recommend to our fellow citizens of 
Russell Comity, Alabama, to organize a force for the purpose of 
scouring the County, demanding of the Chiefs in the different towns 
the murderers of those of our fellow-citizens who have beeu, or may 
be killed; should any emergency arise requiring additional force, we 
pledge ourselves to render to them efficient aid. 

On motion of Mr. E. L. Wittich, it was— 

Resolved, That Geii. D. McDougald be appointed to apportion 
the citizens enrolled into companies and to take charge of them in 
case of an emergency. 

The Columbus Guards were organized by election of offi 
cers previously, but they did not receive their commissions 
until May of this year. They entered the State service under 
Major General Daniel McDougald in December, 1835, and 
were, on the 1st of January, 1836, mustered into the service 
of the United States, from which they were "honorably dis 
charged" on the 1st of September of the same year. The fol 
lowing is the roll of the officers and privates as mustered into 
service: 

Officers—J. A. Urquliart, Captain; Robt. A. Ware, First Lieutenant; 
Burton Ilepburn, Second Lieutenant; nines Holt, Third Lieutenant; 
P. A. Clay ton, Fourth Lieutenant; John Jones, First Sergeant; 
Samuel M. Jackson, Second Sergeant; David Hudson, Third Ser 
geant ; Robt. S. Flournoy, Fourth Sergeant; H. S. Wimberly, Fifth 
Sergeant; Henry B. Milliken, First Corporal; Geo. W. Martin, Sec 
ond Corporal; Wm. L. Jeter, Third Corporal; John S. Alien, Fourth 
Corporal; William Butts, Drummer ; John Thompson, Filer. 

Privates—II. C. Anderson, Alien G. Bass, Chas. L. Bass, Asa Bates, 
G. W. E. Bedell, Jos. Bender, Ransom Bird, S. R. Casllion, John E. 
Davis,Alphonso Delauney,M. R. Evans, A. L. Grant, Jos. B. Greene, 
E. S. Greenwood, J.D. Greenwood, Thos. B. Colliding, Thos.G. Gor 
don, Thos. P. Grimes, Wm. Harper, Jas. L.-IIill, J. P. Hitchcock, 
Henry Hodges, Jas. R. Houghtpn, Theobald Houghton, Jas. D. John 
son, Jacob M. Johnson Andrew P. Jones, Geo. W. Jones, Jas. II. 
Jones, John D. Jordan, Henry P. Lathrop, Q. A. Lawhon, John H. 
Love, Lewis Liviugston, Ben. F. Malone, R. T. Marks, Henry Mat- 

INCIDENTS. 

55 

thews, B. Matthewson, Alien Minis, "Wm. Mitchcll,Moiiroe Mitchell, 
Jas. S. Moore, Jacob I. Moses, Richard W. Morris, Josiah Morris, 
E. Sigourney Norton, C. S. Pryor, Henry H. Randall, Jas. H. Rey 
nolds, Francis Ruse, Thacker V. Rutherford, Thomas J. Shivers, 
Wm. Salisbury, Chas. H. Stewart, John St. Jolm,ThoniesE. Taggart, 
Washington Touey, David E. Walker, John T. Waller, "W. C. 
Williamson. 

INCIDENTS. 

Two of the fine steamers running the Chattahoochee were 
lost in January of this year. The first was the new boat 
Eloisa, which was entirely consumed by fire on her first voyage 
down the river from Columbus, during the first week in Jan 
uary. Her cargo and furniture were entirely lost. She was 
laden with cotton, owned by merchants of Columbus and 
elsewhere, but this was insured. The Eloisa was owned bv 
Messrs. Stewart & Fontaine, J. S. Calhoun, B. Ilepburn and 
Col, D. J. Britt, and was commanded by Capt. Britt. 

The second boat lost was the Versailles, which was snagged 
and sunk, early in January, near Fort Gadsden, a short dis 
tance above Apalachicola. As her cargo consisted of cotton, 
she too must have been on her down trip. 

C. E. Bartlett published at this time, at his farm near Co 
lumbus, a neat little paper called the Southern Planter, de 
voted to agriculture and domestic economy. 

This must have been a winter of unusual severity, as we 
find that on the 9th of January a man named Blalock was 
found dead near the bridge, having frozen to death during a 
snow storm the night previous, and on the same night two 
Indians, in a state of intoxication, were frozen to death near 
Columbus. 

Proposals to build the Episcopal Church were invited by 
John Forsyth, jr., agent of the building committee, on the 1st 
of January. We understand that it was the same church 
building now standing on Oglethorpe street. 

Books were opened in Columbus, .in February, by Alien 
Lawhon, John Townsend and Nathaniel Nuckolls, Esqs., for 
subscription to the stock of the "Pigeon Roost Mining Com- 

 56 

MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. 

party," of Lumpkin county. The Miner's Record, referring 
to the incorporation of this company, said: " We are of opin 
ion that stock taken in it will be far more valuable than in 
any institution in the United States." A year later, in 
March, 1&36, the Macon Messenger mentioned as a curiosity 
the sight of a bank note or draft issued by " Pigeon Roost 
Mining Company of Lumpkin county," made payable to A. 
Lawhon at Columbus, and signed Nicholas Howard, Presi 
dent, B. C. Dimmick, Cashier. 

In December of this year there were exciting and well at 
tended races over the course at Columbus. At this meeting 
Col. Crowell's horse, John Bascomb, won the three-mile race, 
beating J. J. Harrison's Volnev, in quick time. This race 
won for Bascomb a fame all over the Union. He was short 
ly afterwards matched against Col. Hampton's fast racer Ar- 
gyle, Hampton staking $17,000, and Crowell $15,000. The 
race was run at Augusta, and was won by Bascomb in hand 
some style. A little later Bascomb ran at New York his cel 
ebrated race with the champion of the North (Post Boy we 
believe,) and won in this r^itch of " the North against the 
South." 

Cotton was quoted in January, at 18c. to 15c. 

PERSONAL. 

Thomas Samford was the Methodist minister stationed at 
Columbus, and Charles Hardy P. E. of the District. 

Wm. Holland was Sheriff, and Joseph T. Killgore, Deputy 
Sheriff; Jas. C. Holland, Jailor; Gerard Burch, Clerk of the 
Superior Court; John Tovrasend, Clerk of the Inferior Court. 

In October, Hepburn was elected Senator, and Bonner and 
Calhoun Eepresentatives. 

MARRIAGES. 

Jan. 11.—Isaac McGehee, of Girard, and Miss Martha H. Kennon, 
of Columbus. 
Jan. 18.—Wm. Nichols and Miss Sarah Ann Field. 

The following are names of business men mentioned in 
1885, and not heretofore found in this compilation : 

THE INDIAN WAR. 

57 

Merchants—roster & Fogle,, Bonj. Bonuey, Code & Matthews, E. 
D. Ledyard, Wittich, Greenwood & Co., William G. Porter, A. 
Dodge, David II. Garland & Co., Alien & Hill, K. Woodruff, Mles & 
Kichards. 

Lawyers—Marshall J. Wellborn, Philip H. Echols; Doctors—J. J. 
Boswell; Dentists—Dr. II. Bateau; Hotel or Boarding House-Kupers 
—Bedell & Walker, Wheelock & Willard, Isaac Mitchell. 

1836. 

Indian War—The First City Government. 

This was a stirring year for Columbus. The work of re 
moving the Indians in small bodies to their home west of the 
Mississippi had been going on for some time, but there was a 
large and unruly party among them opposed to removal, and 
the presumption is that the members of this party remained 
as long as possible and thus acquired greater proportionate 
strength and influence. They did not bring the difficulty to a 
crisis by making a positive stand against removal, but they 
commenced hostilities bv aggressions on the whites, some of 
which are noticed in a previous chapter, and others occurred 
early this year. Then followed local organization to protect 
the aggressors or commit other aggressions upon the whites 
settled in their territory, and finally, raids across the river. 
There were undoubtedly grievances of which the Indians 
justly complained. White settlers moved too soon into the ter 
ritory, and Indian reservations were often obtained for a mere 
song—sometimes, doubtless, by fraud. The General Govern 
ment at first endeavored to check these aggressions by the 
whites, to restrain their settlement in the Indian territory 
before the expiration of the time allowed for the full removal 
of the Indians, and to remove the most conspicuous offenders. 
This condition of affairs on the border crowded Columbus 
"with transient residents and visitors. Being the place of great- 

 58 

THE IXDIAX WAR. 

est security, as well as the most accessible point along the line, 
people congregated here for safety, for temporary residence 
until the troubles were over, and for speculating purposes 
during the continuance of hostilities, as well as for facilities 
for.rushing into the Indian territory as soon as the Govern 
ment would permit and securing good land locations. 

As our files of the Columlms Enquirer for the year 1836 
are missing, this chapter must of course be lacking in person 
al news and minor local incidents. But we have the file of 
the Maeon Messenger for this year, and from it we glean much 
information concerning the striking events of that period. 

The first newspaper mention of actual Indian hostilities 
during this year, which we have been able to find, is in the 
Messenger of February 4th. We copy it entire: 

"There has been considerable excitement for a week or two past at 
Columbus, and in the vicinity, from apprehension of hostile inten 
tions on the part of the Indians of that neighborhood, and rumor has 
thrown in its usual contribution in making up all that was lacking in 
fact. On Thursday of last week it was understood that 500 Indians 
had crossed the Chattalioochee at Bryant's ferry, fifteen miles below 
Columbus. A detachment of twenty-two men. headed by Mr. John 
Watson, proceeded to the place to ascertain particulars. They there 
found forty armed Indians, who were returning to the ferry, who took 
cover and commenced firing. After some firing on both sides, two 
white men, Mr. Josiah Johnson and Mr. —— McBride, were killed, 
and two wounded, and the whites then left the field, and the Indians 
probably returned home.* 

"From all that we can learn from people well acquainted with the 
Indians, we should not judge that there was a hostile disposition on 
the part of those Indians generally, but that there are outlaws and 
marauders who are ready to rob and plunder principally (or provisions, 
and to fight whenever it becomes necessary. This we believe to be 
the fact, both with regard .to these Indians and those residing below." 

The above was the fight sometimes called the "battle of 
Hitchity." The commander of the whites was Col. J. II. 
Watson, formerly -of Columbus. 

This affair greatly excited the people of Columbus, and two 

* We learn verbally from an old citizen that the Indians were retreating wh<m the whites 
came up and rashly fired upon them. The Indians took cover tuider a bluff, and buing thus 
protected fought with great advantage on tluiiv side. 

THE INDIAN VVAK. 59 

companies were formed, under the command of Alexander 
McDougald and J. H. P. Campbell, who left Columbus during 
intensely cold weather and repaired to the scene of hostilities; 
but they found no Indians. i« , 

The Columbus Guards, organized previous to this outbreak, 
J. A. Urquhart, Captain, were actively engaged in service 
during these hostilities, and other companies were formed for 
the occasion. One was an artillery company under Captain 
Hoxey; another, the Cadet Eiflcs, under Capt. T. C. Evans; 
and another, the Muscogcc Blues, under Capt. P. T. Scliley. 
All these companies performed good service, and were hon, 
orably discharged when hostilities ceased. 

On the 14th of April, the Macon Messemjer said: " The 
Creek Indians, below Columbus, are said to be almost with 
out provisions, and in a sullen, discontented mood. They are 
very much dissatisfied at not being permitted to hunt in 
Georgia (where game is much plentier than in Alabama,) and 
declare their intention to do so at any risk as soon as the 
leaves put out." 

From the same paper, May 12th: "Our accounts from Co- 
Imnbus are of a most alarming character. A war has already 
been commenced, and a number of citizens killed. The 
Creek Indians, below the Federal Eoad, are all in arms and 
killing every white person they have fallen in with. There 
has been less known of the hostility of those above, but it is 
most probable that all are combined, and that the movements 
are simultaneous through the whole Nation. They com 
menced their general work of slaughter on Monday, the 10th 
inst. Previous to this, on the 5th of May, Major Wm. B. 
Flournoy, late of Putnam county, in this State, was killed and 
scalped a few miles below Fort Mitchell. A letter from Col. 
Crowell, the Agent at Fort Mitchell, dated the 9th, says that 
' four persons have been killed and many negroes taken off 
within a few days'; that he had sent a messenger to some of 
the principal chiefs, who had returned him word that their 
young men were bent on war, and have assembled in the 

 60 

THE INDIAN WAR. 

THE INDIAN WAR. 

61 

swamp near the Federal Road to attack any troops that might 
march into the Nation. 

"The Indians have taken possession of Hardaway's Ferry, 
eight miles above Columbus. Word was sent into Columbus 
by Ben Marshall, a half breed, that the Indians intended to 
burn that place on Tuesday night. Dr. Ingersoll, an enroll 
ing agent, who was in the Nation, at or near Talladega (not 
the present town of that name), found them to exhibit so 
much hostility that he was compelled to leave and come into 
Columbus. Great numbers of people, supposed to be about 
2,000, who reside west of the Chattahooehee, had come to 
Columbus for protection. A company of about twenty men, 
who went out of Columbus on Monday a few miles, to protect 
and bring in some families, returned in safety and effected 
their purpose. Another company of about one hundred men, 
on Tuesday, went into the Nation eight miles to the Uchee 
bridge, on the Federal Road, and brought in some straggling 
settlers, but did not see any Indians. Fifteen dead bodies 
were seen by the flying inhabitants, who had been shot by 
the Indians and were lying in the road, five of which were 
brought into Columbus. Of course, all is confusion and 
dismay." 

In the month of May following these events, as the 
steamer Hyperion was heading for Columbus, she was fired 
upon by a party of Indians from the Alabama shore, opposite 
Woolfolk's Bend, some eight miles below the city. During 
this fire the pilot at the wheel, a brother of Capt. Brockway, 
was shot dead at his post, and the engineer and one or two oth 
ers were woimded. Fortunately the boat drifted to the Georgia 
shore and thus escaped capture. The surviving officers and 
crew came up on the Georgia side to town, and reached here 
shortly after dark on Sunday night. The news spread rapidly 
and created a big sensation and terrible scare in Columbus. 
Rev. Mr. Few received the news while preaching at the 
Methodist Church. He came quietly out of the pulpit, broke 
the tidings gently to his congregation and advised all to re 

main cool and self-possessed. A volunteer company was 
formed in the church, and the preacher was elected captain. 
This company was detailed for a special guard of the town 
during the night, and arrangements were perfected on the 
spot for stations, posting guards, relief of sentinels, &c. W. B. 
Mitchell was made night officer. This company remained iu 
this service four or five days and were then disbanded. 

In May, also, occurred the attack on the stages, which cre 
ated a greater sensation throughout the country than any 
previous act of Indian hostility. Two stages carrying the 
United States mail, going from Columbus to Tuslcegee, Ala., 
were attacked about eighteen miles from Columbus. The 
Indians killed Mr, Green, one of the drivers, and two horses, 
and robbed the mail. The next day a party of fifteen men 
started to come through to Columbus with two stages. Some 
of these men were passengers and others volunteers who ac 
companied the stages to assist in their protection. Among 
the latter, was young Samuel G. Harclaway, late of Montgom 
ery, Ala. At the same place where the stages had been 
attacked the day previous, this party was also attacked by a 
body of Indians who had been following for some distance. 
The horses took fright at this place, ran out of the road and 
got entangled, and then the Indians came up and commenced 
the attack. Two of the men were riding on horesback, and 
kept on. The others got out of the stages to fight the Indians, 
but'most of them unhitched and mounted the stage horses and 
ran off. Hardaway and two others, on foot, followed behind. 
The Indians got ahead of them and fired, killing—McKay and 
another man, a New Yorker. Hardaway was not hurt, but ran 
towards a swamp, two Indians following. He shot one and 
reached the swamp. The other Indian followed, and Harda 
way shot and killed him. He remained in the swamp, with 
the dead Indian, three days, eating only young and green 
whortleberries. When the buzzards began to swarm around 
the dead Indian he left the swamp and struck the road where 
the two white men lay dead. The Indians soon pursued him 

 62 

THE INDIAN WAR. 

THE INDIAN WAR. 

63 

into the swamp again. The next night he went back into the 
road, where the two men were lying, scalped, and took the 
road for Tuskegee. On the outskirts of Tuskegee he was 
hailed by Gen. Thomas S. Woodward, and hospitably received. 
The party on horseback came through to Columbus safe. 

Sam Ilardaway served in the Texan army tinder Gen. Sam 
Houston, in the fight for the independence of Texas, and had 
a number of hair-breadth escapes from Mexicans. He was 
more recently an officer of the Confederate army, and com 
manded a company at the first battle of Manassas. He died in 
Montgomery about two years ago. 

The Columbus Herald of "the 22d of May said that there 
were in Columbus, on the 20lh of that month, about 1,200 
troops ; also that the Indians had destroyed the property of 
Paddy Carr and taken away his negroes, seventy-seven in 
number. It is also stated that Gen. Woodward came through 
the Creek Nation from Tuskegee to Columbus on the 23d, 
with only eight Indians and eleven white men, and reported 
that there were 700 friendly Indians at that place, who 
were ready to take up arms. Gen. Woodward afterwards re 
turned through the Nation to Tuskegee, with only eight men. 

The Oglethorpe House, then not quite finished and not yet 
opened for a Hotel, was taken possession of, and used as a 
military headquarters and barracks. In case of an alarm or 
an attack upon the city, the citizens were requested to repair 
immediately to the Barracks for safety and protection. A 
number of families (ladies with their children) would go to the 
Oglethorpe House and stay at night and return home next 
morning. This was done for some two weeks. 

When the Indians commenced their indiscriminate murder 
and slaughter of the citizens of Alabama, there was a perfect 
stampede of the citizens for thirty to forty miles out in that 
State and some very distressing and exciting scenes. Some 
neighborhoods hearing of the depredations of the Indians, 
would unite together and take such as they could of their 
most valuable effects and start for Columbus. Some of these 

parties would be attacked on the road, and some of them killed; 
mothers and children scattered and separated, not knowing 
who was killed or where they were for days in some cases; 
and for one day and night, the bridge at Columbus was 
crowded^ with the refugees from Alabama, corning in all sorts 
of style ; some in wagons, some on horseback, some on foot— 
mothers calling for their children, husbands for their wives, 
and no response to their cries. They were met and cared, for 
by the citizens of Columbus and every assistance rendered 
that could be under the circumstances. 

On the loth of May, the Enquirer gave this account of the 
situation at that time: 

"A large body of Indians, variously estimated at from 500 to 1,500 
warriors, have congregated about twenty-five miles southeast from 
this city, and are scouring the country in all directions from 
their hiding place, or headquarters, indiscriminately butchering our 
neighbors, men, women and children, plundering their houses, destroy 
ing their stock, and laying waste their farms. On Monday last this 
city presented a scene of confusion and distress, such as we never be 
fore witnessed. Our streets were crowded with wagons, carts, horses 
and footmen, flying for safety from the rifle and tomahawk of the In 
dians—many of them having left behind their allot' earthly possessions, 
and some their protectors and friends, husbands, wives and children, 
who had fallen before the murderous savage. We have been unable to 
ascertain with any certainty the number of those who have been mur 
dered by these lawless savages. Wm. Flounioy, Ilammond, McKis- 
sack, wife and overseer, Davis, Hobbs, several negroes, and in all 
probably many others (we fear Doct. Welborn among them) have been 
killed, and the Indians are yet pursuing their bloody work." 

The Enquirer of the next day, (in an extra, we suppose,) 
contained the following article: 

"Previous to our last publication all the settlers below the Federal 
Soad had come in. Since that time the Indians have destroyed a 
family (Mr. Davis', consisting of seven persons,) a few miles above 
the Federal Road, and many of the settlers in that neighborhood have 
fled to town. The plantations below Fort Mitchell have been burned 
mul a few negroes are missing. Several large buildings on these plan 
tations were burned to the ground on Tuesday and Wednesday nights. 
The bridges also on Big Ucliee and Little Uchee have been burned. 
The furniture of all the deserted houses, which have been visited, is 
destroyed and cattle killed. 

 THE INDIAN WAR. 

<35 

64 THE' INDIAN WAE. 

"A scouting party of fifty men went out yesterday, but returned 
without finding Indians, except a small party of friendly Indians, who 
wore coming in for protection. Last night it was expected that the 
plantations in Broken Arrow Bend, from three to seven miles below 
this, would be burned. A party of forty whites and fifteen friendly 
Indians, repaired to the place, to defend the plantations. They re 
turned this morning. The Indians did not show themselves. This 
morning a letter was received from Marshall's settlement, fifteen 
miles above this, containing information that the neighborhood had 
yesterday embodied themselves, (thirty in number); they had a small 
brush with about fifty Indians, killed one and wounded several others. 
So that it is certain that they are hostile above the Federal Itoacl also. 
From all that we can learn, the Hitchetees, Uchees and Tallassees, are 
all hostile. This is the opinion of JSTea-Micco, the head chief. 

The Macon Messenger of the 19th of May, (whose editor had 
just returned from a visit to Columbus) said of the scene here 
presented: 

The city and vicinity of Columbus presents a truly distressing scene. 
Hundreds, probably a thousand, are encamped—some occupying ware 
houses, and every description of building that could be furnished, and 
many others with scarcely any protection from the elements. Most 
who had the means, or friends within reach, have retired to the coun 
try. The corporate authority of Columbus has f uriiished assistance 
for the destitute ; but this source is precarious, as a scarcity of provi 
sions must ensue, as forces accumulate to carry on the war. 

At that time about three hundred friendly Indians had 
come in, and were camped on the property of Ben Marshall, 
on the west bank of the river. Two hundred were at Tuske- 
gee, and fifty at Fort Mitchell. 

Gen. Scott was in chief command of the United States 
troops, and controlled all military operations, with his head 
quarters at Columbus. Gen. Jessup was also here, second in 
command to Gen. Scott. Early in June, Gen. Jessup left Co 
lumbus with an escort of about 200 men, for Tuskegee, where 
he was to take command of the Alabama troops. The Geor 
gia troops were then encamped on the west bank of the Chat- 
tahoochee. The number of Indian warriors professing to be 
friendly was estimated at about 1,000, and the hostiles at 
about 6,000. 

The Columbus Sentinel at this time published the following 
list of Georgia companies that had arrived: 

Cm-ps. (Japta-ins. No. Men. 
Harris Drafted Men............ Vardeman,...................62 

Talbot do. do. ............Miller, ....................... 50 

Pike Volunteers (cavalry)....... Lynch,....................... 39 

Moiiroe Drafted do. .......Stewart,......................80 

Moiiroe Volunteers.............Flewellen,....................74 

Houston do. .............Deunard......................54 

Jasper Drafted............... .-.Roe,.................... .... .54 

Jasper do. .................Lane,.........................48 

Jones do. ................ .Hardeman,...................80 

Talbot Volunteers............. .Rush,.........................99 

LaFayette Cavalry-.---.....-. .Stinson,......................53 

Gwinnett do. .............Garmany,........ ........... .'6 

Houston Drafted............... Smith,.......................101 

Upson do. ...............Crate,.........................7C 

Monroe Infantry................Russell,.......................48 

Bibb Volunteer's (cavalry)...... .McCall.......................41 

Heard Infantry................ .Dent........................ -44 

Columbus Guards...............Lrquhart.....................62 • 

Muscogee Drafted..............Coleman ................. .. .67 

Muscogee Cadet Riflemen...... .Evans........................70 

Muscogee Artillery.............Hoxey........................ 5L' 

Troup Drafted....'..............Hardiu.......................95 

Morgan Volunteers.............Porter........................61 

Taliafatro do. .......... ...Saut'ord..................... -.78 

Laurens do. .............Troup.........................06 

Marion Drafted................. Berry.........................50 

Meriwether Drafted............. Sloan .........................84 

Troup Cavalry................. .Kendriek.....................73 

Gwinnett do.' ..................Read .........................61 

Upson Drafted..................Bell..........................67 

Baldwin Cavalry...............Gaither.......................54 

Henry do. ' ...............Love .........................66 

Henry Infantry . ..........Dobson.......................71 

Butts' Drafted................. .Hendricks....................73 

Oglethorpe Volunteers..........Hill........................-.102 

Coweta do. ..... ....Anderson...--...-..- ........87 

Pulaski Drafted.................Hodges.......................32 

Greene Volunteers............. .Dawson .....................102 

Wilkes do. .. ... ...Toombs.......................60 

Clarke do. ......... ,. Ligon .......................100 

Twiggs do. .... Pearsou.......................88 

Coviugton Blues . " Floyd.........................84 

Newton Greys.......... ... .Loyd........................ 100 

Wilkinson do...................Barney.......................65 

The Enquirer of June gives the following account of an at 
tack on the steamer Metamora early in that month: 

On Saturday an attack was made on the steamer Metamora, Loyd, 
Captain, which at that time contained the following companies, viz : 
Captain Booth's company, Pike Guards, from Alabama; Captain 

 66 

THE INDIAN WAR. 

THE INDIAN WAR. 

Arlaiu's company of Itandolph Blues, and Capt. Snelgrove's company 
from Randolph Co., Georgia. In consequence of the Indians having 
made frequent attacks on the boat passing tip and down the river, 
these troops, who were at that time in Irwintou, determined to pass 
up in order to obtain a brush with them. The entire company were 
not ordered on this duty, but those who came volunteered their ser 
vices for the purpose. The Pike Guards are a mounted company, but 
so strong was the belief that the boat would be attacked, that they left 
their horses in Irwinton, to which place they returned on Wednesday. 
These troops were marched on board the boat about two o'clock on 
Saturday morning, during a heavy rain, to the amount in numbers of 
about one hundred and fifty men. 

One third of the Georgia troops at least were without arms or am 
munition. The boat got under way from Irwinton about daylight 
the s;uiie morning, and passed on without interruption about five 
miles above Roanoke, when a fire was opened upon her from the Ala 
bama side of the river. The firing was warm and lasted about ten 
minutes. It was returned with equal warmth and spirit from the 
boat, and the boat as soon as practicable run ashore, when the troops 
embarked and formed upon the bluff above. After the boat landed 
the firing ceased; it was then determined to march back to the place 
where we were first assailed, and drive back the Indians; but it was 
found that the creek would have to be passed before the enemy could 
be come up with. To pass this creek, covered as it was with thick 
undergrowths, was deemed to be imprudent. The troops were accord 
ingly again embarked, and the boat again got under way. In this al 
tack a man by the name of Samuel Butler, belonging to the Pike 
Guards, and one of the boat hands, (name unknown) were severely 
wounded. The number of Indians killed lias not been ascertained 
with any certainty, but it is believed they lost at least three, who were 
seen to fall. Report says that fourteen dead bodies were found at the 
place of the attack. Some five miles above, the boat was again at 
tacked, and a running fire kept up for several miles. The Indians, in 
this attack, did not appear to be numerous at any one place, but only 
showed one or two at a time, when they were immediately fired upon 
from the boat. It is believed that more damage was done the Indians 
in this attack than in the former. One man, Benj. Owens, of the 
Pike Guards, was wounded—it is feared mortally—in this engagement. 
He was shot while standing in the after part of the boat aft of the 
ladies' cabin. 

After this engagement, the boat met no further interruption until 
she arrived at this place, which she did about 12 o'clock Sunday. The 
wounded have been removed from the boat to a comfortable room, 
and every attention necessary has been paid them. ' 

Capt. Booth, in behalf of himself and the company he commands, 
has desired us to return to the citizens of Columbus his wannest 
thanks for the attention bestowed by them, and particularly the 
ladies, upon his wounded. 

There were two or three attacks made on the steamers 
Metamora and Hyperion, during their trips up and down the 
river, but they resulted in no material advantage to either 
party. 

Some of the acts of Governor Schley, of Georgia, and of Gov 
ernor Clay, of Alabama, in reference to these Indian depreda 
tions, were much condemned in Columbus. The people of 
Columbus wanted Gen. McDougald in chief command of the 
troops raised for the defence of the frontier, and Gov. Schley, 
disregarding their wishes, appointed Gen. Sanford to the com 
mand. It was also said that Gov. Schley declared that if Gen. 
McDougald had crossed the Chattahoochee while he was in 
temporary command, he (Gov. S.) would have had him arrest 
ed. Fault was found with Gov. Clay for restraining the Ala 
bama troops from marching into the Indian Nation, and for 
proclaiming the war over and the Indians peaceable while 
they were committing some of their worst acts. Both these 
Governors, it would appear, had to perform the difficult task 
of sustaining the policy of the Federal Administration (of 
which both were supporters) and at the same time satisfying 
the demands of the settlers on their frontier. The Adminis 
tration at Washington was desirous of avoiding harsh pro 
ceedings against the Indians, and the excited white settlers 
wanted summary and rigorous measures adopted. 

One of the most troublesome and active of the hostile In 
dians in the neighborhood of Columbus was a half-breed 
named Jim Henry, who, it was said, pushed his reconnois- 
ances and raids into the immediate vicinity of the town. We 
find the following notice of him in the Columbus Herald of 
the 31st of May : 

" A half-breed, by the name of Jim Henry, at the head of 150, all 
like himself choking for the blood of white men, has been prowling 
the nation like a hungry wolf, and committing depredations wherever 

 68 

THE INDIAN WAR. 

THE INDIAN WAR. 

he went. On Saturday last a rumor reached the city, that himself 
and band were within twelve or fifteen miles of the river. Gen. Mc- 
Dougald promptly called for volunteers to cross the river, at 11 o'clock 
at night, and they came forward with alacrity from the Columbus 
Guards, and Capt. Evans' Rifle corps, to the amount of eighty or one 
hundred men, who marched into the nation at the hour of midnight 
in search of the savage foe, and after having traveled all uiglit with 
out being able to discover the enemy, returned to their encampments 
the next morning. The following night Jim Henry and his gang ap 
proached within six miles of town and burned the Uchee bridge, 
crossed to the Georgia side of the river, and committed depredations 
by killing and destroying the horses and property of Mr. John Vic 
tory, whose plantation is about twenty miles below Columbus." 

It early became apparent that it was the purpose of a por 
tion of the Indians, who were opposed to removal west of the 
Mississippi, to cross the Chattahoochee below Columbus, rav 
age the Georgia counties, along their route, and cut their way 
through into Florida, there to join the hostile Seminoles. 
Others contemplated a similar march across the lower coun 
ties of Alabama into Florida. An expedition, under com 
mand of Major Thomas Hoxey, was organized at Coltimbus 
to join other forces and follow or intercept one of these In 
dian parties, and, after going as far as Fort Gaines by steamer, 
struck across the country towards Flint river, following the 
Indian trail as far as Baker county, where it was lost in a 
swamp. The expedition returned without encountering the 
Indians. The party of Indians which they were following 
was supposed to number about two hundred. They commit 
ted great depredations arid killed a number of whites on their 
march, „ 

From the Columbus Enquirer, June 4th: 

"Since our last publication nothing of much importance has trans 
pired worthy the attention of our readers. Troops are arriving daily, 
ami every preparation seems to be making for an active and vigorous 
campaign, and we indulge the hope that in a few weeks our savage 
foe will either be exterminated or made to succumb to the brave and 
patriotic troops who are anxious to be the avengers, of the murdered 
women and children who have fallen victims to savage barbarity. 
We have understood that orders have been received to make no treaty 
with them that does not have for its basis their immediate emigration 

to their destined homes in the "West. We subjoin below such items 
of intelligence as have come to hand. 

' 'On Thursday morning last Scipio, a negro fellow well known to 
the citizens, arrived in town having made his escape from the Indians 
the night previous, he stated that the Indians to the amount of about 
three hundred were assembled between the Big and Little Uchee, un 
der the notorious Jim Henry, a half-breed, known to have been the 
leader of the party who attacked and burned Roaiioke. They have 
with them a large quantity of plunder, negroes, money, &c., which 
they have stolen from the whites. Having glutted their appetite 
for plunder and burned and destroyed everything that came within 
their reach, their intention was to leave for Florida as soon as practi 
cable. 

"Two other negroes attempted to make their escape with Scipio, one 
of whom came in with him, the other separated from them, and was 
probably shot by the Indians who pursued them. 

"On Saturday night the Guards and Riflemen, under Col. Bates, 
crossed the river about 11 o'clock, and proceeded about two miles west 
of Girard, on the new road. The object of the expedition was to ar 
rest any Indian spies that might attempt to come near Columbus. 
They were so stationed as to command every pass to this city; but 
returned on Sunday morning without seeing the least sign of an 
Indian. 

"An express reached here on Sunday morning, that the Indians had 
crossed the river about one mile of Ft. McCreary, and burned and de 
stroyed the plantations of Mr. Quarles and Mrs. Brewer and murdered 
the overseer of the former. The express stated that it was evidently 
their intention to retreat into Florida, and that they could be traced 
on their march for some distance in that direction. The Upson Cav- 
ahy were ordered immediately to march to their assistance, and 
unite with the troops already there under Major Howard, who will 
scour the country in all directions. 

"Sunday morning three Indians were brought in by a'small party 
of white men, who assisted them on their way to Neali Micco's 
camp. They professed friendship, and showed a pass given them by 
Tom Car, but were very properly detained and put under guard. 
Two Cusseta chiefs and one white man arrived in town the same even 
ing, from the camp of Neah Micco. They state that Neah-ali-Mathla 
arrived at Neah Micco's just previous to their leaving, and said that 
he was friendly to the whites—that he left his own camp to prevent 
his people from killing him—that they were mostly hostile and dis 
posed to fight, but that he was bent on peace. He denies ever having 
received any message to come in, and said it never was his intention 
to be hostile. They were examined on Monday by Gen. Sanford and 

 70 

THE INDIAN WAR. 

stated that they were sent by the two chiefs as embassadors, to learn 
in what manner they would be treated should they wish to come in and 
be friendly. They were sent back with instructions to inform the 
two chiefs that they must come in immediately—that if they remain 
ed where they now are they would be considered as hostile and treated 
as such. 

"We learn from a gentleman, recently from Chambers county, Ala., 
that most of the Indians in that part of the Nation have come in as 
friendly. All that are disposed to he hostile have left there and have 
probably joined Neah-ah-Mathla, or some other hostile chiefs.— 
He states that parties of volunteers, made up from the settlers, and 
from Meriwether, Troup, &c., have made frequent incursions into the 
enemy's country—killed a dozen Indians, in all, given protection to 
those disposed to be friendly, and driven the hostiles down into the 
counties below. A letter published in another column, gives a brief 
account of the different expeditions against the savage marauders. 
They have been promptly and gallantly met and driven from their 
strongholds by the whites, who have since returned to their homes, 
where we trust they may enjoy the peace and security so well earned, 
by their bravery. 

" The Indians near this place and Fort Mitchell have destroyed the 
bridges over all the water courses, and are endeavoring in every way 
in their power to obstruct the passage of the troops who may be sent 
to subdue them. On Sunday night they advanced within six miles of 
Columbus and burned the lichee bridge." 

A spirited and hotly contested engagement, fought on the 
9th of June, is thus reported by the Enquirer: 

" One of the most serious and desperate engagements that has ever- 
happened since the commencement of the present war took place 
about three milPS above Fort Jones, on Thursday last. About forty 
of the Gwiunett cavalry, under Capt. Garmauy, were stationed at the 
house of Mr. Shepherd, the balance of the company having been de 
tailed for some other .service. Capt. G. in the forenoon of that day 
had promised Col. Jeruigan, who was then out on a scouting party, 
to assist him in case he was attacked. At three o'clock in the even 
ing firing was heard at a distance, which was supposed to be an en 
gagement between the aforementioned scouting party and the In 
dians. Capt. Garmany immediately set off on foot with his forty 
men, who, after proceeding about half a mile, discovered several In 
dians, who retreated towards a branch to tbeir main body, consisting 
of about 250. 

"The whites advanced and attacked them, when a battle of more 
than two hours ensued. It was evident from the movements of the 
enemy that their object was to out flank and surround ^he command of 

THE INDIAN WAR. 

71 

Capt. Garmany, who ordered a retreat back to the house. The In 
dians pressed upon his men, keeping up a constant fire, which was re 
turned with the desperate courage of those who were determined to 
sell their lives as dear as possible., Nothing could have exceeded the 
bravery of this little band, who though compelled to retreat, disputed 
every inch of ground, and sent many a tawny savage to his last ac 
count. Capt. Garmany, whose name will be remembered for his in 
trepid and dauntless conduct, slew three of his merciless assailants, 
after he had retreated to the house—one of them after he himself had ' 
been shot down. His men, too, no less brave than himself, kept 
up a constant fire upon their pursuers, until the arrival of a reinforce 
ment of about twenty men from Fort Jones, who charged the Indians 
and relieved for the time the exhausted troops that had fought the 
first hard battle. This reinforcement being, however, too small to 
contend with the overwhelming force of the enemy, were compelled 
to retreat, after fighting ten to one for almost half an hour. In these 
engagements some twenty-five or thirty Indians are said to have been 
killed. Those who have since visited the battle ground suppose from 
the sign that was left, that the number slain was much greater. 
Whatever rumor may say of this fight, there can be no question of one 
thing, that every man engaged in it did his duty, and fought with a 
courage rarely equaled and never surpassed, by inexperienced voliux. 
teers. Gwinnett and Stewart counties have a right to be proud of 
their sons, who in the hour of trial, have nobly done and nobly died- 
J. V. Tate, James H. Holland, Wm. Simms, James M. Alien, Robert 
Holland, James C. Martin, Henry W. Peden, and Isaac Lacy, of the 
Gwinnett Cavalry, were killed; Capt. Garmany, Mr. Alexander, Mr. 
Hunt and Mr. Step were wounded. Of the reinforcement from Fort 
Jones, Eobert Billups, David Delk, Esq., Mr. Irwin, and Mr. Hunter 
were killed." ' ' 
Gen. Jessup. after going through the nation, with his escort, 
to Tuskegee, organized an expedition there to scour the In 
dian country for the purpose of intimidating the Indians and 
capturing their hostile leaders. Gen. Scott, with the Georgia 
troops, was then on their eastern borders, near Columbus. 
Gen. Jessup took up his line of March from Tuskegee on the 
12th of June, with about 800 effective men and two field 
pieces. In the evening of the same day Gen. Woodward fol 
lowed the white troops with between 300 and 400 friendly 
Indians under the chiefs Jim Boy and Tuckabatchee Harjo. 
-The friendly Indians were so impetuous that they had to be 
allowed to take the lead. On the 15th, at a place known as 

I 

 72 

THE INDIAN WAE. 

the Big Spring, they captured the noted hostile chief Neah- 
Emarthla and his son, and Gen. Jessup sent them to Fort 
Mitchell. The next day Jim Boy and some of his warriors 
penetrated to Neah-Micco's carrfp on the Big Uchee. They 
found it extending along the swamp for two miles or more, 
and richly stored with plunder. (Neah-Micco had previously 
gone in and declared himself friendly, but the carnp was oc 
cupied by hostiles.) One hostile Uchee Indian was killed 
here, and twelve taken prisoners. "That night Opothlayoholo, 
with 1,100 friendly Indians and a few whites, joined Gen. 
Jessup's forces. The next day, Neah-Emarthla's camp, in 
Hatchechubbee swamp, was entered, but that chief had been 
captured. Here Gen. Jessup encamped. 
• The Georgia troops under command of Major General San- 
ford, numbering about 2,500 men, took up their march down 
the river on the 20th of June, to co-operate with the troops 
under Gen. Jessup advancing from the west—it being evi 
dently Gen. Scott's plan to pen in the Indians between-the 
two armies, and by scouring the intervening country capture 
the whole of them. 

After these operations and movements of Gen. Jessup, the 
white troops and friendly Indians had only fugitive (but 
in some instances still predatory) parties of hostiles to 
pursue. From the 15th to the 25th of June, about 2,000 
Indians had come in and surrendered. At that time it was 
estimated that only about 200 remained out, chief among 
whom was Jim Henry. On the 1st of July an express arriv 
ed at Columbus stating that Jim Henry and about 150 hostile 
Indians had been captured near Fort Mitchell. The Governor 
of Georgia quickly sent a'demand on Gen. Jessup for the de 
livery of Jim Henry to the State authorities, but the reply 
was that he had already been surrendered upon a similar de 
mand to the civil authorities of Alabama. 

Jim Henry was committed to jail in Girard, to await his 
trial in Russell county. A number of Indians were given up 
to the Governor of Georgia for trial for murder, &c. 

THE INDIAN WAR. 

73 

On the 6th of July Gen. Scott, from his headquarters at 
Columbus, issued an order through Seymour R. Bonner, 
Aid-de-camp, to the effect that such Indians as could be fully 
identified as murderers or depredators, should be surrendered 
to the proper authorities, and that a demand would be made 
on the agents conducting the emigration to detain all hostile 
warriors a sufficient length of time for identification. 

Capt. John A. Urquhart, the agent appointed by Gov. 
Schley for the purpose, demanded and received from the 
emigration agents a number of Indians charged with the com. 
mission of capital offences, within the jurisdiction of Georgia. 
These Indians were reluctantly given up, and were brought 
to Columbus, lodged in jail and tried by the courts; but the 
evidence not being deemed sufficient to convict them, they 
were released and removed to the West. Jim Henry was con 
fined in the jail of Russell County, at Girard, but by change of 
venue moved his trial to Chambers County. 

Early in July Gen. Scott left Columbus for Washington, 
leaving Gen. Jessup in command. Gen. Scott left to demand 
an inquiry concerning his management of the war—a matter 
outside of the scope of this publication. 

After the operations of Gen. Jessup and the friendly In 
dians reported above, the work of collecting and sending off 
the Indians to their territory west of the Mississippi progress-, 
ed rapidly, and they were removed from Alabama more ex- 
peditiously than they would have been had no hostilities 
occurred. 

Notwithstanding the opinion that with the, capture of Jim 
Henry the war in the nation was ended, there was a sharp 
brush with a party of hostile Indians, on the 24th of July, at 
Quarles' plantation, some twenty-two miles below Columbus. 
The Indians were supposed to number about 200 men. The 
white force was ninety-eight men of Major Alford's command. 
The whites lost six killed and fifteen to twenty wounded; 
the Indians twelve to fifteen killed and a number wounded. 
The whites stood their ground until their ammunition was 

* 

4 

I 

Hi! „ 

 THE INDIAN WAR. 

75 

74 

THE INDIAN WAR. 

exhausted, and then retreated. This Indian force was be 
lieved to be a party making their way to the fugitives in Chick- 
asawhatchee swamp in Georgia. 

The party of Indians that crossed the river in the neigh 
borhood of Eoanoke, and made their way into the interior of 
Georgia, continued to excite uneasiness and anxiety—commit 
ting depredations on numbers of the inhabitants of the coun 
try, murdering some, and terrifying many more. 

The escape of these Indians constituted the chief fault found 
with the military plan of operations against the Indians. 
Col. Thomas Beall, commanding a detachment of cavalry, was 
sent in pursuit, and about'the 10th of Julv a battalion of vol 
unteers, composed of the Artillery, Guards and Cadet Rifle 
men of Columbus, was sent forward to reinforce him. Of 
the operations of this force we find the following accounts in 
the Macon Messenger: 

COLUMBUS, July 16. 

"About three miles below Boanoke we struck the trail of the In- 
djans, and pressed them over hill and dale, through swamp and quag 
mires, through the lower part of Stewart, Randolph and Lee, and 
finally to Chickasawhatchee swamp in Baker county, where, after as 
certaining their position as well as we could with the aid of our guides, 
we prepared for the attack the next morning, and leaving a sufficient 
guard to protect our horses, we dismounted, hauled off our coats, tied 
up our heads with handkerchiefs, and into the swamp we rushed. 
After proceeding three or four miles through briers, mud and water, 
sometimes up to the neck, we came in view of their encampment, sit 
uated on an island two hundred yards off, which they occupied as a 
depot for their goods, wares and merchandise, which they had taken 
from Roanoke. We commenced the attack by charging through mud 
and water, and notwithstanding they had the decided advantage of us 
in point of position, we continued the charge with such spirit and de 
termination that we could not be successfully resisted, and after kill 
ing and wounding a number, they dispersed, leaving behind all their 
ill-gotten plunder. Seven of our small army were wounded, some 
severely, but one mortally. 

"Our friend Major John H. Howard was with us, and was among 
the first, if not the first, who planted his foot upon the island, and 
acted with great bravery, as I was certain he would whenever an op 
portunity presented." 

* 

IT c 

The writer further states it as his impression that the In- 
dians have separated in small parties and fled to Florida. 

Another account says : 

"After the battle hi the swamp, very few Indians have been seen— 
not more than two or three at a time. It was believed they had left 
the swamp, and had broken up into small parties of three to five, and 
that they were endeavoring to make their way to Florida. The 
swamp was scoured for five days, but 110 Indians found in it. Several 
small trails have been traced to the Flint river, and it was believed 
that the Indians traveled principally in the night. They committed 
no further mischief after the battle. They must be in an entirely des 
titute condition, as they were driven from their camp naked, and left 
all their provisions, plunder and spare ammunition. Maj. Alford's 
etacl 11tent arriving with the three Columbus companies, and thirty 
or forty Indians under Paddy Carr, Col. Beall's command returned to 
Columbus. All the drafted and volunteer infantry (except the Co 
lumbus companies,) have been discharged. It is believed, according 
to the calculations of the best informed, that there are about two 
hundred hostile Indians who have not yet surrendered." 

The following official dispatch in reference to this party of 
Indians gives some more particulars in regard to this expe 
dition : • 

" HEADQUARTERS, NEAR 

CHICK AS AWHATCHKK SwAMP, ] 
* Baker County. 

Si-?1:—In obedience to orders I have pursued the Indians to this 
place, where I find them encompassed in a swamp, said to be twenty- 
five miles long, and varying from one to four in width. At 12 o'clock 
A. M., the first instant, I learned that the Indians were encamped 
within four miles of <this place, but was unable to reach them short 
of sixteen miles march. On yesterday, about 10 o'clock A. M. I 
made an attack upon the enemy, succeeded in driving them from their 
camp, with the loss of nine that were left dead, and from the sign of 
blood, I suppose twenty to thirty killed and wounded. The Indians 
fled precipitately in every direction, but I was unable to pursue them 
in consequence of the deuseiiess of the bushes through which they 
retreated, the exhaustion of our men, and the state of our wounded, 
having seven of them, and two I fear mortally. I think there is no 
doubt that the Indians are still in the swamp, and from the most in 
telligent persons here, I am induced to believe they design remaining. 

We need one hundred friendly Indians commanded by Paddy Carr, 
to pursue the Indians and ferret them out, and shall be gratified to re 
ceive them as early as practicable. In consequence of the incessant 
rains we have had, and having fought in water, we need 3,000 cartrid 
ges. 

 76 

THE FIRST CITY GOVERNMENT. 

RENT OF FISHERIES. 

77 

In the meantime I may take the liberty of saying that the expedi 
tion will be brought to a close, and as soon as it is, a full report will 
be made as early as practicable. 

[Signed.] THOMAS EEALL, 

Col. Com. 1st Brig. 

' Mounted Volunteers, 
To Maj. Gen. Winfleld Scott. 

THE FIRST CITY GOVERNMENT. 

In accordance with an act of the Legislature amending the 
charter of the town so as to make it a city, and change the 
title of its representatives to Mayor and Aldermen, an election 
was held on Saturday the 2d day of January, 1836, for a May 
or and six Aldermen, which resulted in the choice of John 
Fontaine as Mayor; and Thomas G. Gordon, George W. Dil- 
lard, Hampton S. Smith, E..Sigourney Norton, Thos. 0. Evans 
and Earnest L. Wittich, as Aldermen. 

On the 4th of the same month, the Mayor and Aldermen 
elected the following city officers: Nath. M. C. Robinson, 
Marshal; John Bethune, Treasurer; Henry C. Phelps, Clerk; 
Eichard Gray, Bridge Keeper; A lex Calhoun, Clerk of the 
Market; Samuel Paxon, Sexton. Subsequently the office of 
Deputy Marshal was created, and Wm. McGehee elected. 

In January the Mayor and Council made a contract for the 
erection of a guard-house, appointed a committee to order 
from the North two fire engines, and another to contract for 
lighting the streets by means of oil-burning lamps. A citj' 
watch was also organized, consisting of a captain, lieutenant, 
and twenty privates—the captain to receive $30 per month, 
the lieutenant $25, and the privates $20 per month each. 
Michael N. Clark was elected Captain, Lem. Jepson, Lieuten 
ant, and the following persons enrolled themselves as privates: 
James D. Bryant, Morgan Brown, Wrn. Terry, Hugh McDan- 
iel, John Williams, John McGehee, David Moore, Giles Ivey, 
Francis Bosworth, James Calhoun, Eichard McCarey, C. 
Hightower, Wm. Monghon, Jona. Hightower, Jordan Kilgore, 
Miles M. Vance, Jacob C. Porter, Eobt. Patterson, James 
Bloodworth, Francis B. Kilgore. 

Afterwards, the number of Guards was reduced to twelve, 
, and new officers as* well as privates appointed. 

Later in the year, a committee of the Council was appointed 
to petition the Legislature for authority to sell a portion of 
the square set apart for town houses and offices, and with the 
proceeds to build, in conjunction with the county of Musco- 
gee, a Court-house, City Hall, &c. 

A contract was made with Geo. W. Pinhorn for painting 
and putting up seventy boards designating the names of the 
streets, at $1 per board. 

Thus the dignity of a city government was gracefully as 
sumed, ami city "style" at once adopted. 

In consequence of the report of several cases of small pox, 
the Board resolved to elect a physician, to be known as the 
Health officer, whose duty it should be to examine every case 
of disease brought to the city, to attend cases sent to the hos 
pital, and the paupers of the city. Dr.- Boswell was elected ; 
salary $200. 

Early in April, Dr. Boswell reported that there had then 
been fourteen cases of small pox in the city, only three of 
which had died. 

A contract was this year made with Wm. L. Wynu, by 
which the city leased to him, for the term of six years, the 
larger portion of the south common, at the rate of $3 per 
acre per annum. Another portion was occupied as the race 
course, having been leased to M. W. Thweatt, Wm. L. 
Wynn and T. B. Howard for the term of six years, at $700 
per annum. 

In November, contracts for the rent of fisheries on both 
sides of the river, for the term of three years, were entered 
into. Six fisheries on the east side of the river were rented 
to D. Walling, James W. Howard, James & Hamner, and 
M. N. Clark, at prices varying from $4 to $225 per year, and 
aggregating $374 per year; and four on the west side were 
rented to James Y. Godfrey, John Townsend, and Wm. Wil- 

6 . 

I 

 78 

INCIDENTS. 

PEKSONAD. 

79 

liamson, at prices varying from $4 to $7 50 per year, aggre 
gating $22 per year—showing that the fisheries were then a 
good source of revenue. 

INCIDENTS. 

The Columbus Sentinel of Feb. 26th, reports the killing 
of Mr. James Hill, confectioner of Columbus, by a Mrs. 
Berry, living a few miles from the city, where Mr. H. and a 
friend stopped and asked the woman to lend them a tumbler 
from which to drink some champagne which they had along. 
She refused, and a quarrel ensued between Hill and her, re 
sulting in his shooting into the upper part of the door, and 
her shooting him with a shot gun. Hill's body was interred 
with Masonic honors. 

Columbus and Macon were disputing as to which was the 
best cotton market. The quotations were 15 to 15 Jc. in Feb 
ruary, and 18c. in March. 

The Farmer's Bank of Chattahoochee was "resuscitated" 
in .March, the stock having been purchased by J. S. Calhoun, 
and others; Judge Calhoun, President, Chas. Bass, Cashier. 

The steamer Ohioan was burned on the Chattahoochee, 
eight miles below Ocheesee, early in Ma}"-. She was freight 
ed with merchandise for Columbus. One servant girl was 
lost. The boat had fifteen passengers, who escaped. Boat 
and cargo were valued at $25,000? She was owned princi 
pally in Mobile. 

Jim Henry was confined in the jail of Russell county, and 
the grand jury found a true bill against him for negro steal 
ing, the punishment of which was death. His counsel suc 
ceeded in changing the venue to another county. The fol- 
fowing Indians were convicted at the fall term of Eussell 
Circuit Court: Chilancha, alias John, for the murder of 
Fannin, Tuscoona Fixico and four others for the murder of 
Green, the stage driver. They were sentenced to be hung on 
the 25th of November. Four others were detained in Eussell 
jail, to be tried at the next term. The six condemned In 

dians, mentioned above, were hung at the appointed time in 
Girard. 

The first bale of new cotton, this year, was, received at 
Columbus on the 28d of August, from the plantation of M. 
E. Evans, and sold by auction at 41J cents per pound. The 
prevailing price in the " interior" markets at that time was 
16| to 17c. The Macon Messenger doubted the fairness of 
this sale, and suggested that cotton was bought in Columbus 
as land' was sometimes—"by paying a high price for it, and 
then receiving part of the money back again." 

Early in November of this year, about two-thirds of the 
town of Girard, opposite Columbus, was sold, and brought, 
in the aggregate, about $70,000,—a sum showing that the 
hope of building up a commercial rival to Columbus was then 
strong. The area of Girard laid out into town lots was about 
one mile square. 

PERSONAL. 

At the October election, Lawhon was elected Senator, and 
Flournoy and Holland Representatives of Muscogee county. 

Judge Eli S. Shorter, one of the most gifted lawjrers in 
Georgia, died in Columbus on the 13th of December. 

The Methodist Conference was held in Columbus in De 
cember, and the ministers were hospitably entertained by the 
citizens. George A. Chap,.ell was appointed Presiding Elder 
of the Columbus District, and L. Pierce stationed minister at 
Columbus. 

The following list of licenses granted by the town authori 
ties for the years 1886-7, gives the names of many of the 
business men of Columbus at that time : 

Dray.—R. P. Spencer, A. B. Baker, E. L. Wittich, Seaborn Jones, 
Charles E. Mims, E. W. Starr, Philip T. Schley, A. K. Ayer, Walter 
T. Colquitt, Elijah Rosson, Joseph Bender, M. R. Evans, John S. Al 
ien, John T. Walker, John Code, T. G. Atwood, Alien J. Mims, E. S. 
Greenwood, Sam'1 B. Thomas, Edward Featherston, R. S. Hardaway, 
s- A. Bailey,. Geo. W. Ross, Wm. P. Yonge, John Dillingham, 
Lovick Pierce, Johnson & Way, Mathew Rotatson, Elisha Reid, Al 
bert G. Beckham, George Grieve, James Montgomery, John Southern, 

 80 

THE SITUATION AFTER THE WAR, 

EPISCOPAL CHURCH 

81 

II 

Joseph Jefferson, William Kelms, W. S. Holstead, 8. R. Boimer, 
Toney & Rutherford, Clavke, Tarver & Co., J. T. Niles, T. Pitkin, 
James R. Butts, R. A. Were. 

Retail.—John Johnson, Daniel C. Raii, I. B. Milieu, B. Ferguson, 
A. Calhouii, F. Riba, Welch & Myrich, Thos. McCantz, C. Norman, 
Andrew Southmayd, Mims & Rideiihour, G. B. Terry, Geo. Grieve, 
John 1ST. Copelaiid, A. P. Jones, Nathaniel Trotter, Daniel J. Reese, 
Samuel Lytle, S. J. Herroii, J. H. Ware, Jacob Williams, Paul II. 
Tiller, James Kivlin, Wicks & Bize, A. C. Hill, E. D. Nichols, J. B. 
McFarland, Wm. Walling, John C. Maugham, John Logan, Western 
Harwell, J. Rousseau & Co., John Whitesides, Wm. H. Fields, Sam'1 
Owens, Turner Williams. 

Auction.—Bethune & Holland, Hayward & Ayer, J. T. Niles & Co., 
S. K. Hodges & Co., R. Hooper. 

The large number of dray licenses is sufficient evidence of 
a brisk and extensive commercial business. 

We suppose that the large number of retail licenses is ac 
counted for by the presence of so many soldiers and other 
strangers during a portion of the year. Probably it was only 
during this period that many of the persons named above did 
business in Columbus. 

1837. 

The Situation After the War. 

This \vas a year of panic and general bank suspension 
throughout the United States. Business of every kind was 
crippled, and commercial failures became so common as to 
create but little surprise when even the largest and apparent 
ly strongest houses "went by the board." Columbus was of 
course affected by the general depression, and was not exempt 
from the failures so prevalent elsewhere. But the clearing 
out of the Indians from the adjacent territory in Alabama 
and the certainty of its early opening to a large white settle 

ment, brought many prospectors and speculators, who 
thronged the city as the most convenient standpoint for their 
explorations and operations. There were thousands of them 
in Columbus during the year; the hotels were generally 
crowded ; there was demand for all the varied commodities 
which such a movement required; and trade acquired an ac 
tivity that would otherwise have been wanting. We are not 
surprised to find, after the stirring events of 1886, the names 
of many new settlers and business houses. 

The City Government for this year was constituted as fol 
lows : Mayor, J. S. Calhoun ; Aldermen, S. E. Andrews, E. 
S. Norton, T. G. Gordon, T. C. Evans, S. E. Bonner, Asa 
Bates; City Clerk, M. N. Clark; Treasurer, John Bethune; 
Marshal, M. C. Eobinson; Clerk of the Market, Bartley 
Weeks; Sexton, Thos. Ashley; Bridge Keeper, Wm. Gilbert. 

Eeports of occasional depredations in Eastern Alabama, by 
bands of predatory Indians, still caused some excitement, but 
they did not threaten Columbus, nor were the citizens of Co 
lumbus called on to aid in their capture. 

The improvement of the Chattahoochee above Columbus 
was still a question before the people; and some deeming the 
opening of the river impracticable, advocated the building of 
a railroad to West Point. So it appears that for over forty 
years Columbus has been "hammering away" in the effort to 
secure the trade of the upper river counties by improved 
commercial facilities, and has not yet completed the links. 

The Episcopal Church was completed this year, and open 
ed to public worship in June. The pews were rented for the 
aggregate sum of $3,100. 

From the Enquirer of October 26th : 

"Our city seems to be reviving. Some activity and life has been 
exhibited in business circles this week. The health of the place is al 
most unparalleled in its history, nothing like bilious or malignant' 
fever being known among our citizens. We are in hopes that times 
are getting better and money matters growing easier. This hope is 
strengthened by the fact that we daily see large numbers of strangers 
going West to purchase land and mid new homes. The Oglethorpe 

 82 

CITY DEA1NAGE. 

CITY DRAINAGE. 

83 

I "I 

House, kept by "Win. V- McKeeii, is crowded every night with travel 
ers in search of lands and fortunes. The City Hall, too, under the 
management of our worthy fellow-citizen, Mr. James, is in a like 
niauner filled, with sojoumers. This is all indicative of better times, 
and shows the spirit of enterprise which nothing can suMue in the 
Southern people. Columbus will soon be herself a.-rain. Cotton is 
selling at 8 to 9i, and corn from street wagons at 85c. per bushel. 

The census of the city taken this year, showed a total pop 
ulation of 4121—whites 2549, blacks . 1572. The white 
males numbered 1556, and the white females 986. 

In December the Legislature passed an act amending the 
Charter so as to divide the city into six wards, giving each 
ward two Aldermen. N 

The stalls in the market this year rented for ,$226 00—six 
stalls, averaging $37 66 each. The butchers renting them 
were Emanuel Ezekiel, Philip Gettinger, Elisha Tarver, Thos. 
Cunningham, Thos. G. Jordan and Charles Bize. 

Council made a contract in March, with James Clark, 
civil engineer, to make a survey of the city for the purpose of 
enabling the Street Committee to drain off the stagnant water 
and level the streets. The price to be paid Mr. Clark for this 
service was $500. 

We make an extract from the report of Mr. Clark, to show 
the difference in altitude or depression of various sections of 

the city at that time. Taking; as a base the floor of the east 

. * / 
end of the bridge, reported to be 35 feet above the surface of 

the water—(stage of water not designated,) Mr. Clark re 
ported that "the city is from 14 to 35 feet above base, except 
ing the first step or immediate margin of the river bank 
which in some places is only 5 feet above. The crest of the 
second bank, on and in rear of which the greater part of the 
citv is located, is from 6 to 12 feet above the most depressed 
points of Jackson and adjoining streets parallel therewith, 
and it is the same with reference to Crawford and Thomas 
streets, the intersection of which with the former is in the 
bottom, of a large shallow basin, that embraces in its slope 
nearly the whole city and north-eastern precincts. Into this 

reservoir the drainings of this extensive area are thrown 
more rapidly than it can be drawn off by the present drains, 
so that it is several da3^s after the cessation of rain before it 
is uncovered, when there is left exposed a large surface of al 
luvium, which, in combination with the atmosphere, must 
have a deleterious influence upon the health of those residing 
in the immediate vicinity. This low ground is from 13.50 to 
16.50 feet above base, and gradually rises to 18 and 20 feet 
in Mercer street, through which it is drained by way of the 
brick-kiln to the river below the city. The bottom of this 
main drain at the Irwinton (now Eufaula) road is but 37£ 
feet below the drain at the corner of Troup and Crawford 
streets, but at times of high water the surface is not more 
than six or twelve inches below; consequently that low por 
tion of the city is inundated xintil the supply is decreased." 

The report recommends the enlargement and deepening 
of the existing drains, also a subterranean drain or sewer from 
Oglethorpe street, through Thomas or Baldwin, to the river- 
Mr. Clark preferred the former, because by its construction, 
the ravine at its end might be filled and its extension pre 
vented. He estimated the cost of this sewer at $8,569. He 
also recommended a similar sewer through Franklin street to 
the river, at an estimated cost of $3,681. 

The report concludes: "To the city, Nature has bountiful 
ly given all the advantages of a level location, with gently 
rising hills in the rear, and a delightful esplanade in front, ex 
tending from the calm sluggish current along the last impet 
uous cataract of the river. It is but a few years since there 
was a wilderness where is now a large, flourishing city, the 
mart of an extensive and rapidly populating territory, 
abounding with vast agricultural and mineral riches, which, 
as developed, must greatly augment its commercial impor 
tance and prosperity; added to which, the immense and val 
uable water power within its environs will undoubtedly be 
appreciated and attract to it a large amount of manufacturing- 
capital and industry. With the knowledge of these resources, 

 84 

TAXES THIS TEAR. 

WESTERN AND ATLANTIC EAILEOAD. 

85 

If 

and of what has already been accomplished by the enter 
prise and intelligence of her citizens, we may reasonably an- 
anticipate that Columbus will soon earn a rank among the 
most important and beautiful cities of the Union. As con 
servatory of her interests, it is highly important that the 
measures you may now adopt, for the improvement of the 
health and conveniences should be such as would add perma 
nently to this desirable result." 

The Council made a contract in May, with Wm. B. Robin 
son & Co., for the construction of the two sewers above 
named, at the rate of $10.50 per thousand brick laid. But 
in 1838 it had part of the excavation for the upper sewer 
filled again, on account of great caving and washing away 
of the soil by rains while the work of laying the brick was 
delayed. Council also altered the plan of the lower sewer so 
as to have part of it walled with plank. It was very liberal 
in settling with Robinson & Co. 

At a meeting held on the 15th of November, Council pass 
ed a resolution declaring that, in accordance with the unani 
mous wish of the citizens, the water privileges of the city 
should be put upon the market, and appointing a committee 
to memorialize the Legislature for authority for laying off and 
selling the "western commons" at public outcrj^. 

The principal taxes for this year were the following: On 
every $1('0 value of town lots, 30c., and the same upon the 
improvements upon them; each white male between 16 and 
60 years, 46c.; each slave between same ages 46c.; each free 
person of color over 20 and under 60 years, $6; each dog> 
more than one to each family, $1; on all goods, wares and 
merchandise sold on consignment by resident merchants, 1 per 
cent.; itinerant traders, 2 per cent.; on each $100 in value of 
capital in trade—merchandize, shaving notes, &c., 30c.; each 
lawyer, physician, and broker, $5. 

Messrs. H. S. Smith, John Warren and G. E. Thomas an 
nounced to Council in April, that they had opened a "diago 

nal street from Broad to Oglethorpe," christening it "Warren 
street," and asked Council to accept and keep it open perma* 
nently. This is the short street commonly called "Triangle," 
and sometimes disrespectfully dubbed "Dog Alley." 

The construction of the Western and Atlantic Railroad had 
commenced, under a charter passed by the Legislature in De 
cember, 1836, and Columbus had this year a project to connect 
with it at its southern terminus. A corporation styled . the 
Chattahoochee Railroad and Banking Company undertook the 
engineering of this enterprise. Its officers were J. C. Watson, 
President; Wiley Williams, Cashier; A. G. Bass, Teller; 
John E. Davi.«, Book-keeper; J. C. Watson, J. S. Calhoun, J. 
W. Campbell, N. Howard, W. II. Mitchell, James R. Jones 
and J. L. Lewis, Directors. A proposition was made this 
year for the city to issue $750,000 in bonds, to be loaned this 
Bank, to aid in the construction of the road and "for'the re 
lief of the people." We find in the Enquirer an address by 
Wiley Williams, J. L. Lewis and R. A. Ware, committee, in 
favor of this project. It met a stout resistance from Gen. 
Bethune and others. 

The Council and citizens conjointly took action upon this 
project on the 81st of October. At a meeting held at 9 
o'clock a. m. on 'that day, Council passed resolutions request 
ing the Legislature to amend the charter of the "Chattahoo 
chee Railroad and Banking Company" so as to allow further 
time for the payment of installments of the capital stock sub 
scribed ; also resolving that the city should subscribe for 
2,000 shares of the stock and issue bonds for the purpose. 
The citizens, at a meeting held at 10 o'clock, unanimously 
ratified this action; and the Council at another meeting held 
at 4 o'elock p. m., appointed committees to canvass the city 
for subscriptions, and asked the opinion of Seaborn Jones, 
•t'Sq., as to what further steps were necessary to legalize the 
acts of Council in this respect. At the next meeting of 
Council a letter from Col. Jones was read, which does not 

 r 

86 t INCIDENTS. 

appear upon the minutes, and Council passed a resolution 
asking of the Legislature special power to issue bonds. 

INCIDENTS. 

Washington's birth-clay was celebrated with old time 
spirit. Rev. Dr. Pierce offered an appropriate and patriotic 
prayer; Lieut. Hines Holt read the Farewell Address; and 
M. J. Wellborn, Esq., delivered an eloquent and impressive 
oration. 

A. Mi Gregory, a citizen, was found in a dying condition 
on the streets on the morning of the 13th of March, and died 
next day. He was evidently murdered, but the case was in 
volved in mystery. 

The suspension of the Chattahooch.ee Bank was announced 
in April. 

The spring races were well attended and well contested. 
The principal winning horses were Betsy Baker, Eclipse, 
Linwood, Turnbull, and Miss Medley. 

The city was again troubled with cases of small-pox. 

The steamboat Florence arrived for the first time on the 2d 
of November. Water very low. 

A big robbery occurred on the night of the 28th of No 
vember. The store of P. Miedzielski was entered, and $6,000 
worth of watches, jewelry, &c., stolen. 

Heavy rains occurred about the middle of December, wash 
ing away creek bridges in the vicinity, mills, &c. The 
bridge over the Chattahoochee was severely tested, and stood 
the strain. 

Rev. Dr. Pierce offered prayer, H. L. Benning, Esq., was 
the reader, and Hon. W. T. Colquitt the orator, at the 4th of 
July celebration. 

The first bales of new cotton noticed, were received 
on the 23d of August. They were from the planta 
tion of J. W. Cowart of Stewart, and were sold at auction at 
c. per pound, Hooper, Thornton & Livingston purchasers. 

Gen. M. B. Lamar, then Vice President of Texas, visited 

PERSONAL. 

87 

Columbus in June and July, was complimented with a public 
dinner on the 4th of July, and made a very fine and eloquent 
speech. lie was received with much enthusiasm. 

A "new and fashionable" theatre was opened in October. 
It was on Crawford street, in the rear of Mclntosh Hall, was 
40x80 feet in area of hall, and capable of accommodating 
about 400 persons. 

PERSONAL. 

At the election on the first Monday in January, the follovif- 
ing county officers were chosen : Aaron Oduin, Tax Collec 
tor; G. W. Short, Tax Receiver; Daniel Walling, Coroner; 
Messrs. Hitchcock, Carnes, Torrence and Parks, Judges of the 
Inferior Court. 

James Herring was acting Postmaster at Columbus. 

Asa Bates was acting as Sheriff. 

At the October election, W. T. Colquitt, Esq., was elected 
State Senator, and J. W. Campbell and J. C. Watson Repre 
sentatives. 

In October, the notorious hostile Indian Chief, Jim Henry, 
having been acquitted of the offences for which he was tried 
in Alabama, was brought to Columbus and lodged in jail, to 
stand a trial for crimes against the State of Georgia. 

Hon. Jos. L. Sturges was Judge of the Judicial Circuit, 
vice Hon. A. Iverson, resigned. 

The following names of business and professional men • are 
found in the advertisements of the Enquirer during 1837: 

Merchants.—Alien & Young, G. W. Buckley & Co., Guayard & 
Jordan, Thos. McQueen, Howard & Witticli, J. T. Niles & Co., 
Henry King, Underwood, Torrance & Co., Neil & MdSTair, Johnson, 
Nuckolls & Co., Win. & W. Toney, Smith & Morgan, fimalley, Crau- 
dall & Co., Preston & Nelms, B. A. Sorsby, Turner, Morris & Co., 
E. S. Greenwood & Co., Foster & Fogle, DeGilse & German, Wiley 
Williams & Brother, Henry Mathews, Wade & Co., Bead & Talbot, 
Wade & Beardsley, Hall & Moses, Cary & Day, J. B. Green & Co., 
T. R. Gold. btaiT & Buse, H. C. Phelps, Robinson, Williams, & Hoi- 
comb, J. C. Plant, Bagan, Colquitt & Grant, J. H. Reynolds, J. B. 
teabody, Harper, Tliomton & Livingston, A Levison, A. McArn, G. 
W. E. Bedell, B. F. McDauiel, Smith & Grimes, John E. Bacon & 
Co. 

t 

I 

 88 MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. 

Warehouse & Commission.—G. W. Boss & Co., Augustus Haywood. 

Taylnrs.—McDanM & Wilhelm. 

Hotel-Keepers—S. J. Ilerron, Calhoun & Bass, Wm.P. McKeen. 

Doctors.—Holt & Persons, Thomas J. Bugg, Boou Sewell, J. Ellis, 
H. W. Hill. 

Lawyers.—Hs\Kilr,on & Lewis; Colquitt, Holt & Echols, John & 
James Bethune. 

Teachers.—Mrs. Tally, Charles H. LaHatt, Mrs. Leigh. 

Dentists.—O. P. Laird. 

Auctioneers.—E. Hooper, S. M. Jackson. 

MARRIAGES. 

June 12.—Jolm C. Gray and Miss Sarah Reid. 

Feb. 23.--Capt. Sol. W. Mniik and Miss Alsey Pnrson; Dr. 
George B. Mackey and Miss Margaret White. 

April 15.—Lewis Liviiigston and Miss Elizabeth B. Bass. 

May 9.—Charles L. Bass and Miss Rebecca M. Fluker. 

At Lousta, on Miccosuka Lake, Dr. Jolm E. Bacon and Miss Clem 
entina Alston. 

July 12.—G. B. Phole and Miss Susan M. Crenshaw. 

Aug. 24.—W. H. Owens and Miss Emily B. Vason. 

At Dahlonega, Sept 1st., Dr. John A. Urquhart and Miss MBIT 
Jane Shorter. 

In Harris County, H"ov. 21st, John A. Bilbro, of Columbus, and 
Miss Ann L. Rutledge. 

1 Nov. 30.—Augustus Lawrence and Miss Elenora McCall; Daniel 
T. Driggers and Miss Frances Colson. 

In Talbot, Dec. oth, II. F. Wimberly, of Columbus, and Miss Anna 
C. Wood. 

DEATHS. 

Jan. 12.—David C. Griggs. 

May 30.—Mrs. Ellen Emeline Walker. 

June 27.—Mrs. Winnifred, consort of Wiley Williams. 

July 6.—Henry L. Richardson. 

Aug. 10.—Robt. A. Jones. 

Aug. 2. —Mrs. Elizabeth R., consort of Dr. II. A. Thorn ton. 

Sept. 23.—Alfred Smith, a native of New York. 

Sept. 24.—Mrs. Elb-ibeth S., consort of Thos. C. McKeen. 

Sept. 28.—Miss Clara Cornelia Harden. 

Oct. 24.—Mrs. Sarah Jane Redmon. 

THE BANKS. 

1838. 

A Year of Steady .Business—Factories and Bail Roads on 
Paper, &c., &r. 

We find but little evidence of material change in the busi 
ness or population of the city this -year. The cotton trade 
was considerable and of growing proportions, and the move 
ment for the settlement of the contiguous territory in Ala 
bama still contributed to the improvement of business. 

The first election under the amended charter, dividing the 
city into six wards, was held on the first Saturday in January 
this year, and resulted in the choice of the following gentle 
men—the elections for Aldermen being made by each ward 
separately: Mayor, Jas. S. Calhoun; Aldermen—1st Ward— 
Hiram Eead, R. Hooper; 2d Ward—H. S. Smith, S. R. An 
drews; 3d Ward—J. L. Lewis, Wiley Williams; 4th Ward— 
A. B. Davis, R. A. Ware; 5th Ward—W. S. Chipley, L. C. 
Alien; 6th Ward—M. Brooks, George C. Hodges. At the 
first meeting of this Council the following appointments were 
made: Attorney, A. Lawhon; Marshal, N. M. C. Robinson ; 
Treasurer, John Bethune ; Clerk, J. L. Roberts; Bridge- 
keeper, W. Gilbert; Sexton, Wm. Gehee ; Health Officer, W. 
K. Schley. 

The citizens in January requested the banks of the city to 
suspend specie payments—the banks of the country generally 
being in suspension. The Bank of Columbus suspended in 
accordance with this suggestion, but resumed before the year 
was out. The Insurance Bank would not suspend. The 
•Planters' and Mechanics' Bank went into operation this year— 
Gen. D. McDougald, President; Directors—D. McDougald, H. 
S. Smith, M. W. Perry, Hiram Read, W. B. Ector, Thomas 
Berry, John Banks. A. B. Rozan was Cashier, and M. Rob- 
ertson, Book-keeper. 

 90 

CITY SHINPLASTERS. 

RIVER WATER POWEK. 

91 

Another Columbus bank at that time was the "Farmers' 
Bank of Chattahoochee"—J. S. Calhoun, President; D. Hud 
son, Cashier. 

On the 15th of January the Committee of Ways and Means 
were instructed by Council to report an ordinance authoriz 
ing the issue of city bonds to the amount of $750,000 to be 
loaned to the Chattahoochee Railroad and Banking Company 
of Georgia. The Committee reported this ordinance at a 
meeting of Council held on the 20th of Jamiary. The plan 
was for the city to loan these bonds to subscribers to the cap 
ital stock of the company, after they had paid 25 per cent, 
of their subscriptions in cash, or had executed to the city 
mortgages on their real estate to secure the payment. The 
city, also, was to subscribe for '2,000 shares in her corporate 
capacity. This ordinance was passed on the 29th January. 
It was reported to Council in March that a sufficient amount 
had not been subscribed to the capital stock of the company— 
the condition being that three times the amount of the city's 
bonds should be subscribed before tfiey were to be issued. 
But we find that a few weeks afterwards the city subscribed 
her 2,000 shares of stock, giving a mortgage on the bridge to 
secure her payment of 25 per cent, of the same, and turned 
over to the Eailroacl and Banking Company the mortgages 
on real estate given by individual stockholders. 

At a meeting of the stockholders held on the 24th of 
March, it was reported that 10,255 shares had been subscrib 
ed, and 8,465 were represented. 

In June the Commissioners stated in a letter from New 
York that they had negotiated $300,000 of the loan at 7 per 
cent., and the amount wanted coiild have been had upon the 
same terms, but it was deemed advisable to delay a negotia 
tion of the remainder until fall. 

The city this year issued its change bills or " shinplasters," 
of denominations from 6|c. to $2, to the amount of $50,000- 

The Court House on its present location was commenced 
this year, the city paying one-third and the county two-thirds 

^Hof the cost. The contractors were W. & J. Godwin, and the 

H price $30,000. 

, ^H By an ordinance adopted on the 14th of April, the Mayor 

!• was made a salaried officer, and his salary fixed at $1,000 
per annum ; but the Council, at its last meeting in December 
of this year, repealed that^- portion of the ordinance making 

!the salary $1,000. 
On the 17th of May the City Council voted a donation of 
$2,000 in aid of the citizens of Charleston, S. C., which city 
had been afflicted by a very destructive fire. The Columbus 
Guards also contributed $100, and the citizens several hun 
dred dollars more. 
The Sexton reported the number of biirials in the city 
cemetery from the 1st of February to the 8th of August, 46, 
of which 14 were infants, one drowned, one murdered, one 
suicide. The Mayor announced in August that the city was 

P entirely healthy, with not a case of fever of any kind within 
the corporate limits. 
A committee appointed to examine certain improvements 
on Woolfolk's sand bar, made by Col. Asa Bates, State Com 
missioner, reported to Council in October that in their opin 
ion the improvements were of such a character as materially 
and permanently to improve the navigatiqn at those points, 
making them navigable at any stage of water when steam 
boats of ordinary draught could pass other points of the 
river heretofore considered much less difficult than they were. 

The city authorities were this year having built a new 
market house at the intersection of Broad and St. Clair 
streets. 

Girard was making a contest with Columbus for the trade 
°f the surrounding country. The people over there had a 
fine wharf opposite Columbus, and early in April the first 
steamer (the Frances) discharged one hundred barrels of freight 
upon this wharf. 

An effort was made this year, through the'press, to induce 
capitalists to utilize the vast water power of the Chattahoo- 

I 

l!' 

 92 

WATER-WORKS SUGGESTED. 

ehee in the manufacture of cotton. A writer signing himself 
"A Friend to Manufacturers," and who stated that he had 
seen some stupendous manufactories at the North propelled 
by water, declared that he had never seen such advantages 
for this purpose as were to be found in Columbus and within 
one mile of it. He said : 

"I see a great source of wealth looming up to the people of this 
section, both in the corporate limits and above the city. I was actu 
ally astounded in viewing the splendid estate of Mr. James C. Cook, 
, extending one mile on the meandering river, and within that distance 
it has been actually surveyed by a competent engineer, and that it has 
a fall of one hundred and seventy-five feet, and to all appearance it 
cannot be less. Every one hundred feet, by aqueducts which appear 
to have been forced through the solid granite by some mighty convul 
sion of nature, a splendid location for factories could be selected. It 
would well compensate any one to go and behold what nature has 
done, and what art and the superior genius of man permits to lie idle 
and waste, except the piscatory pleasures which its hospitable owner 
occasionally derives hi drawing from its pure waters the numerous 
family of the finny tribe, from the bream, trout and shad to the sturdy 
rock." 

The Enquirer, on the 30th of August, made a strong ap 
peal on this subject. It predicted that by engaging in this 
enterprise Columbus "could in ten years be what Lowell then 
was ; that instead of 5,000 she would number her 25,000 in 
habitants, supplying the entire South and West with her 
manufactured goods. Bright dreams of the past! how fer 
vently we wish that the splendid cotton mills which we now 
have may accelerate a movement which has up to this time 
fallen short of realizing this prediction, but which the success 
of the manufacturing establishments now in existence proves 
to have been reasonable and sagacious. 

A proposition to water the city'by bringing it in pipes from 
streams in the locality was submitted to Council this year. 

A census of the city -completed in August of this year, 
made the whole number of inhabitants 4,265—a very small 
gain qver the enumeration of 1837. 

The health of the city this year was good. 

INCIDENTS. 9 5 

On the 18th of October, Mayor Calhoun, by advertisement, 
offered a reward of $500 " for the apprehension and convic 
tion of the incendiary, or incendiaries, who fired the Court 
House and Clerk's Office on the morning of the 15th inst." 

We find the following notice of this fire in the Sentinel and 
Herald of Oct. 18th: 

" On Monday morning, between the hours of three and four o'clock, 
the alarm of fire was given, and the lurid flame was seen bursting 
forth in the direction of the Court-house square. On hastening to the 
spot we found the Court-house wrapped in flames, as also the offices of 
the Clerks of the Superior and Inferior Courts, standing on the same 
lot, some twenty yaids distant from the Court-house, and being en 
tirely separate. The old Conrt-hoiise was but trifling in value, and 
besides our city authorities are in the act of building a new one; but 
the great inconvenience and loss consequent upon'the fire is found in 
the fact of the Clerks' offices being destroyed, together with all the 
books, papers, &c., connected with the offices, and appertaining to the 
Superior Court, more especially as the fall term of said Court was 
to have commenced its session on the same day of the catastrophe 
namely, last Monday. 

"This was doubtless the work of an incendiary—some pitiful, base 
wretch, who probably stood amenable to the requirements of the law 
at the present term of Court, either in criminal or civil prosecutions, 
and who lighted the torch with his own vile hand that he might wit 
ness at the dead hour of the night, when vigilance herself had fallen 
asleep, the consummation of his flend-like wishes, and have the hellish 
pleasure of saying to himself thus perisheth the record /" 

The Superior Court met on Monday morning at the Coun 
cil room, was organized, and in consequence of the destruc 
tion of the Court-house and Clerk's office by the fire, adjourn 
ed till the second Monday in December next. 

• 

INCIDENTS. 

Augustus Owens, of Girard, was killed near the entrance 
of the race course in Columbus, in February, by a man named 
Fox. 

Dr. S. M. Ingersoll obtained from Council the privilege of 
washing the loose sands of the Chattahoochee for gold; but 
the locality being so far from the gold region, no remunera- 
results are reported. 

 96 

INCIDENTS. 

.. "II. 

In April the steamboat DeFlore, on her way to Columbus, 
sunk below Fort Gaines. 

An event which shocked the city, on the 30th of May, was 
the suicide of Mr. E. Sigourney Norton, mentioned in pre 
ceding pages. He cut his throat with a razor—being, it was 
supposed, under the influence of liquor. 

It was announced on the 14th of June that the Enquirer 
would thereafter be published by Flournoy, Marks & Chap 
man. 

A young man named Kernin was drowned, in June, in the 

river opposite the city. 

The receipts of cotton from September 1st, 1837, to June 
14, 1838, were 42,453 bales. 

- The 4th of July was celebrated with the usual spirit. Prayer 
by Eev. A. T. Mann; Independence Ode by the choir of Trini 
ty Church; Eeading by E". L. Howard, Esq.; Oration by J. H. 
P. Campbell, Esq. 

The first bale of new cotton was received on the 23d of 
August, from the plantation of John Woolfolk, and sold at 
auction. 

A great religious revival in August and September was 
reported by the Enquirer. 

By the caving in of a sewer near the market-house, upon 
which a number of men were at woik, one white laborer and 
two negroes were smothered to death. 

A long drought, that had lasted for nearly nine weeks, was 
broken by rains about the middle of September, but they 
came too late to save the crops, which were cut very short. 

The steamboat Floridian, with a valuable cargo of goods 
for Columbus, was sunk on the 6th of November about 100 
miles above Apalachicola. Loss about $70,000, not insured. 
The "Columbus Cotton Factory" was in active operation 
this year, spinning cotton yarns and carding wool. 
James Van Ness was Postmaster. 

James Hitchcock, Monoah D. Robison and E. W. Carese. 
were Justices of the Inferior Court, 

PERSONAL. 

97 

I 

The steamboat Irwinton, on her downward trip in May, 
with two hundred bales of cotton on board, was sunk to pre 
vent her total destruction by fire. 

Eeceipts of cotton from 1st October, 1837, to 1st October, 
1838, 42,878 bales. Quotations—for Oct. 1st, 1838, lOJc.; 
Oct. llth, lOf to lljc. 

The City Treasurer's report, made on the 9th of October, 
showed the receipts for the 3d quarter of the year $7,035 96, 
of which $3,640 was from the issue of city bills, $1,930 from 
the bridge, and $1,168 91 from taxes. Balance in city treas 
ury, $6,837. 

PERSONAL. 

The county officers for this year, elected in January, were— 
James Bethune, Sheriff; Gerard Burch, Clerk of the Superior 
Court; Jos. D. McLester, Tax Eeceiver; B. G. Kenney, Tax 
Collector; J. E. Lamar, Surveyor; —— Nicholas, Coroner. 

J. C. Holland and H. C. Sapp were elected Justices of the 
Inferior Court in August. 

At the October election, J. S. Calhoun was elected State 
Senator, and Thomas C. Evans and J. H. Howard Eepresent. 
atives. 

Hon. Marshall J. Wellborn was Judge of the Chattahoochee 
Circuit. 

Eev. Samuel K. Hodges was P. E. for the Columbus Dis 
trict, and Eevs. Thomas Samford and Alfred T. Maun minis 
ters at Columbus. 

We notice the names of the following business men for the 
first time: 

Mercliants—D. Hungerford, Boon & Walker, Ransom Godwin, and 
Aaron Odom, Geo. W. Way, James H. Reynolds, P. Meidzielski, Ja 
cob Fogle, W. Wade & Co., Hamilton, Hurd & Co., McKee & Prick- 
ett, E. C. Roberts, Conzelman & Anderson, JSTeill MeNair, James 
Affleck, Yonge & Ellis, J. S. Smith & Co., Alfred & Porter, Wm. R. 
Jones, G. E. Terry. 

Auctioneers—Thos Pullum and R. S. Moore; Bakers—Jones and 

Crichton; Doctors—Edward Delony,E. T. Taylor, B. Walker; Hotel- 

. keepers—D. Sullivan, Thomas James, Howard & Lloyd; Dentists—J. 

"• Hoffman, R. E. Martin; Warehouse and Commission—Wm. P. 

Ycmge; Teachers—Mrs. Seaman, Miss Anderson. 

 98 

MARRIAGES. 

>' ' MARRIAGES. 

April 3.—Eev Win. D. Carnes, Rector of Trinity Church, and 
Lucy Elizabeth Dillingham. 

April 19—In Montgomery, Ala., John E. Davis, of Columbus, and 
Sarah C. Cropp. 

May 15—Col. Hines Holt and Sarah A. C. Perry. 

May 23—David Walling and Susannah BeaU. 

June 3—Joseph E. Webster and Caroline E. Ward. 

July 9—Launcelot Gambrill and Ann America Pierce. 

July 25—At Brattleboro" Yt., I. C. Plant, of Columbus, and 
Charlotte Walker. 

Aug. 28—In Lincoln county,Ky., Thomas P. Grimes, of Columbus, 
and Martha D. Lucky. 

Oct. 23—At McDoiiougli, Eotert L. Moore, of Columbus, and 
Anna J. Askew. 

Nov. 1—Win. L. Lee and Mary Ann Jeter. 

Nov. 19—Edward Barnard and Lucy T. Barrow. 

Nov. 20—George H. Wynn and Clarissa T. Ormsby. 

Dec. 3—Homer Kurd and Miss Angelika L. V. Euae. 

Dec. —In Hamilton, W. A. Bedell and Sarah Switzer. 

Dec. 30—Hezekiah Noble and Frances W. Mulloy; Moses M. 
Simmons and Eliz. Westmoreland 

Oct. 29—Isaac Prall and Jane McKee. 

Nov. 1—Geo. Howard and Mary Bagley. 

Oct. 21—Lewis Williams and Sophia Taylor. 

Oct. 23—Thos. Copeland and Barbary Cooksey. 

Das. 9—Francis Clark and Amanda M. Eodgers. 

Dec. 5—Thos. Eubanks and Edna Willis. 

Nov. 29—Jos. D. Bethune and Jeanett II. McNair. 

Nov. 13—Daniel Kowe and Mary McCall. 

Nov. 22—Henry G. llobison and Mary Massey. 

Dec. 28—John Fox and Jane Harvell 

Sept. 9—Hezekiah Taylor and Mary C. Smith. 

Dec. 19—John Sauls and Jane Padgett. 

March 18—M. D. Sledge and Deborah McGinty, 

Dec. 18—David A. Patrick and Mary Brooks. 

Oct. 31—James A. Slaton and Mary A. Watson. 

Jan. 7—Wash Blackburn and Sellina Eyalls. 

Dec. 25—Alex. McDougald and Frances L. Mitchell. 

Oct. 14—Felix Blankenship and Sarah J. Mays. 

May 20—Thomas Brady and Sarah McDonald. 

Dec. 2—Win. Painter and Nancy Averett. 

Dec. 30—Alien Davenport and Martha A. Hawthorn. 

Dec. 27—Alfred T. Mann and E. L. Pierce. 

CITY OFFICERS. 99 

Dec. 12—C. Wiley and Mary Baker. 
Dec. 11—James H. Berry and Martha Alldridge. 
Oct. 16—Win. A. Brown and Martha E. Low. 
Oct. 11—Claiborn Howard and Eliza Terry. 
Oct. 16—John J. B. Hoxey and Sarah Terry. 
Nov. 11—James Lochala and Elizabeth Laughflin. 
Nov. 21 - J. J. Myers and Susan Wild. 

DEATHS. 

May 7.—Mrs. Sarah McGehee. 
June 15.—Mrs. Matilda Brooks. 

July 10.—At Auburn, Ala., W.H. Harper, Esq., formerly of Co 
lumbus. 

1839. 

A Year of Health—Faith in Railroads Weakening. 

This was not a year of remarkable events in the history 
of Columbus. Business appears to have been rather dull, 
but by no means stagnant. The expectations entertained of 
the success of the railroad connection with the North—in 
aid of which the city had so liberally done her part by sub 
scription and the authorized issue of bonds to the amount of 
8750,000—grew faint almost to despondency as the year 
rolled on. The failure of a scheme of railroad connection 
with Florida, and of the banking institution connected with 
it, also had a depressing effect. But it was a year remark 
able for its health, and its freedom from violent personal col 
lisions and local excitements, such as have been so often no 
ticed in the preceding pages. - <* • 

The city government of this year, elected on the first Sat 
urday in January, was composed of the following gentlemen: 

Mayor—Gen. D. McDougald. 

ALDERMEN.—1st. Ward—J. C. Holland, C. L. Bass. 2d Ward- 
John E. Bacon, Neill NcNair. 3d Ward—Jacob I. Moses, J. L. 
Lewis. 4th Wai-d—T. M. Sanders, J. W. Watson. 5th Ward—Lewis 
^- Alien, James Kirvin. 6th Ward—Jos. iSturgis, Martin Brooks. 

I 

I 

 100 

CITY IMPROVEMENTS. 

BENT OF FISHERIES. 

101 

At a meeting of the Board the following officers Avere 
elected: 

Treasurer—John Bethune. Marshal—E. C. Bandy. Clerk—Calvin 
Stratton. Attorney—J. M. Guerry. 

At the county election on Monday the following officers 
were elected: 

Tax Receiver—G. W. Short. Collector—Jaines Moss. 

School Committee—John Bethune, W. S. Cliipley, O. Eley, John 
Patterson, Joshua B. McCook. 

The several wards of the City were designated by the 
names of streets bounding or running through them, as well 
as by numbers. They were known as Franklin, Randolph 
St. Clair, Thomas, Few and South Wards. 

The Council re-ordained the salary of $1,000 for the Mayor, 
by fixing the salaries of all City officers the same as last year, 
except that of Treasurer, which was increased to $800. 

The office of Deputy Marshal was re-established, with a 
salary of $800, and Wm. McGehee elected. 

There were three papers published in Columbus this year, 
the Enquirer, Sentinel and Herald, and Georgia Argus. Coun 
cil paid each of them $100 for publishing its proceedings. 

Council made special contracts with citizens of Georgia and 
Alabama for crossing the Bridge, the charge for individuals 
ranging from $5 to $100. The Mail and Telegraph Line of 
Stages was required to pay $1000 for the privilege. 

On the 14th of January a committee appointed to examine 
the city improvements reported in favor of the immediate 
filling up of the upper sewer, and stated facts going to show 
that it was a badly managed enterprise for the city. We 
copy from their report: 

" The expense for the brick and the building of the sewer with the, 
same, without the labor performed by the City Council, cost not less 
than ten thousand dollars. The original contract for that sewer im 
posed upon the Council the obligation to excavate and fill up the ditch 
in which the bricks were laid. This part of our duty has been per 
formed only to a partial extent, as a large portion of the ditch is still 
unfilled and exposes the whole work to a total loss. We cannot, under 
such circumstances, hesitate to urge upon the Council the employ 

ment of such a number of hands as will enable the Marshal to have 
the sewer filled up without delay." 

The committee also reported against a proposition to divide 
the commons into suitable lots and rent it out for agricultural 
purposes, on the ground that the commons was designed for 
the common benefit of all the people of the city, and its con 
tribution to the beauty and health of the city and the con 
venience of its people would be impaired by converting it 
into corn fields. 

The report and recommendations of the committee were 
adopted. 

In accordance with authority conferred by Act of the Leg 
islature, Council this year assumed the full patrol service 
within the limits of the City, enrolled for this duty all citizens 
liable to State patrol service, and elected John Bethune Reg 
ulator of the Patrol, with a salary of $250. He resigned in 
July, and Calvin Stratton was then elected. * 

The Sexton reported on the 4th of May, that there had 
been but one interment in the Cemetery during the month of 
April, and tha,t one was a child. 

At its meeting on the llth of May, Council appointed a 
committee to call on the officers of the Chattahoochee Rail 
road and Banking Company and inquire what were the con 
dition and prospects of the company. ' h 

John M. Bethune was elected, on the 31st of August, an 
Alderman from the 1st or Franklin Ward in the place of 
James C. Holland, resigned. 

- On the 23d of September, Council appropriated $1,000 to 
he expended in the improvement of the channel of the river 
at Woolfolk's Bar and Uchee Shoals. 

Six fisheries on the Georgia side of the river were rented, 
on the 6th of September, for $973 ; and on the 26th of the 
same month, three on the Alabama side were rented for $147 

—all for the term of three years. 

Alderman Alien, ofi^ap^SSSSSp11*^116^ on ^e ^Ist of 
September, and MichT^Quaid wa^^fcted in his stead. 

LIBRARY 

I 
I 

 102 

INCIDENTS, 

MARRIAGES. 

103 

in 11 

On the 19th of October, a committee of Council, appointed 
at the request of citizens to report some mode of securing 
better protection against fire, reported that the city was 
"totally wanting in the means of resistance" in the event of 
fire, and that the best means of defence would be water 
works and two or more fire engines; but that the appropria 
tion for the purpose would have to be larger than the City could 
make at that time, and therefore it was desirable that the citi 
zens should act, either by private subscriptions or by obtaining 
from the Legislature authority to levy a special tax for' the 
purpose. The committee also reported an ordinance provid 
ing for the establishment of a Board of Fire Wardens, to 
consist of the Mayor and Aldermen and one other member 
from each Ward, and prescribing their duties and other reg 
ulations to guard against fire. Conncil adopted this ordinance 
on thef2d of November. 

The Sexton, at the last meeting in December, reported the 
number of interments during the year 44, of which 21 were 
children under ten years of age. 

The military companies existing at this time were the Co 
lumbus Guards, Columbus Blues, and Muscogee Hussars. 

The Columbus Lyceum was organized in March—Thos. 
Hoxey, President. Several very interesting lectures were 
delivered by members during the year, and it proved to be 
one of the most valuable societies the City ever had, by fur 
nishing entertainment and instruction to the people. 

INCIDENTS. 

On the first Monday, in March, in Girard, Jonathan Ed 
wards was killed by Franklin Word, in an affray. 

Jacob Cunningham was arrested in January as the suspect 
ed incendiary who burnt the court-house and clerk's office in 
October last, and Council loaned L. B. Harris $150 in consid 
eration of his services in arresting Cunningham. 

The Chattahoochee Bank was organized in April—George 
E. Clayton, President, Edward~*€!arey, Treasurer. 

On the first Monday in May three boys were drowned in 

\ 

^^1 the river while bathing. They were sons of George Eeese, 
^^1 Mrs. Eeese, and Mr. Norris; and later in the month a little 
^B eon of Mr. Bound was drowned in the falls. 
^B Hamilton Duke, a citizen of Talbot county, was fatally 
^H stabbed on the 17th of June, in Girard, by Monroe Lynch. 
IH The Fourth of July was celebrated by the reading of the 
'' Declaration by Capt. John Peabody, and an address by S. T. 
Chapman. 

The first bale of new cotton was brought in on the 16th of 
August, by Dr. Thos. Hoxey, and sold to Terry & Moody 
for 12 cents. 

The first steamboat arrival in the fall was that of the Osce- 
ola, on the 26th of November. 

Harrison, eldest son of Wm. P. Yonge, was killed on the 
18th December, by the falling of a piece of timber. 

PERSONAL. 

The following were teachers of the Female Academy: W. 
D. Cairns, Principal, Mrs. H. C. Tichnor, Miss M. J. Cool- 
ridge, A. Joerson. 

At the October election in the county, the "State Eights" 
ticket was beaten for the first time. John L. Lewis was 
elected Senator, and Messrs. Watson, McDougald, Livingston, 
and Guerry, Eepresentatives. But Columbus gave a majority 
for the "State Eights" ticket, which was composed of Hamp 
ton L. Smith for Senator, and Messrs. W. H. Mitchell, Wiley 
Williams, S. W. Flournoy, and H. C. Sapp, for Eepresen 
tatives. 

MARRIAGES. 

Jan. 6—James E. Eoper and Savannah G. Tilley, 
Jan. 20—James Baukin and Agues Affleck; Peter Crichton and 
Ann Grieves. 

Jan. 27—Wm. Terry and Martha Jones. 
May 16—John Cozier and Emily Huff. 

June 30—David Eidgeway of New Orleans, and Martha Kim- 
brough. 

Sept. 5—Benj. Walker and Mary J. Howard ; Julius-B. Clapp and 
Eleanor H. Howard. 

Aug. 29—In Kahway, N". J., Joseph K. Smith, of Columbus, and 
Margaret H. Jacobs. 

I 

 104 

MABBIAGES. 

MAEEIAGES AND DEATHS. 

105 

Sept. 8—Elisha Eeid and Elmira A. Owens. 

Sept. 18—Henry L. Braining and Mary Howard, daughter of 
Col. Seaborn Jones. 

Sept. 27—David Moore and Mary A. J. Ferryman. 
Nov. 27—Elliott II. Muse and Adeline S. Howard. 
Dec. 12—Jeremiah Terry and Sarah Ann Frederick. 
June 27—Pliineas L. Martin and Sarah D. Studstill. 
Oct. 3—Lewis M. Durr and Eliza "W. Ragland. 
March 6—T. V. Eutherford and Frances E. Mitchell. 
Dec. 2—Stanmon D. Pitts and Adaline Brown. 
June 18—Thos. D. Hays and Louisa Weaver. 
Nov. 25—Isaac Williams and Martha A. Godwin. 
July 31—E. Rowland and Eliza Harrison. 
June 6—E. Morrell and Mary Disliroom. 
Dec. 31—Stephen Shaw and S. A. Hammond. 
Oct. 20—"William Snow and Mary E. Mahone. 
Feb. 28—Geo. W. Douglass and Mallissa A. -Riggers. 
Sept. 30—Wm. Roberts and Nancy Dillard. 
Nov. 21—Wm. A. Douglass and Harriet Tarver. 
Sept. 25—John A. Huff andE. II. Stallings. 
Oct. 1—Eobert Motley and S. J. Spears. 
Oct. 31—Wm. Myhand and Elizabeth Culver. 
June 24—A. L. McDaniel and Nancy Harrison. 
Nov. 14—Absalom Lochla and Sarah Williams, 
Dec. 8—Ephraim Brown and Susannah Cobb. 
Dec. 4—Wm. Thompson and Elizabeth Hea.rn. 
Feb. 28—P. H. Brittain and Orra Williams. 
Jan. 31—Alfred Meazles and Martha Height. 
Oct. 25—Hezekiah Williams and Sarah C. Seins. 
June 20—Nathan Height and Eliza Horton. 
July 23—Elbert B. Eamsey and Sarah A. Davis. 
Dec. 26—James H. Reed and Elizabeth Gordy. 
Oct. 22—Frank E, Baker and E. A. Chapman. 
April 23—Peter W. G. Kent and Nancy A. Owens. 
Aug. 1—Cornelius Flowers and E. Sizemore. 
July 20—Henry Eoberts and Margaret Smith. 
June 15—James Foraii and Margaret Brady. 
Oct. 15—John L. Walton and Adelia L. Tharp. 
May 15—John Thornton and Mary A. Ellis. 
May 12—James Orrington and Nancy Thomas. 
Aug. 28—O. L. Olmstead and Mary J. Fuller. 
June 6—Levi Coleman and Margaret Brooks. 
Sept. 5—Beiioni Ehodes and Susan Hyatt. 
Nov. 14—Alex. C ; 1 oun and Mary Hobbs. 
June 7—James Glenn and Emily Skelton. 

May 2—Hardy Beutoii and Mary Hamnerr. 

April 18—Chas. D. Bize and C. Faulkenbury. 

Nov. 29—Simeon Mote and Rebecca Roberts. 

Oct. 21—W. D. Fontaine and Nancy Bates. 

Aug. 11—J. J. Parnell and E. K. Moorfield. 

Nov. 3—Aqnilla Cobb and Sarah Bagley. 

July 3—J. J. Langham and Martha Hollinan. 

Aug. 27—Horace Ilearii and Martha Williams. 

June 16—B. L. Hargrove and Cretia Womble. 

June IS—Thos. L. Kilpatrick and E. L. Brunson. 

May 30—Thomas Bush and Epsy A. Watkins. 

Sept. 11—E. E. Goetchius and Mary A. Bennett. 

Dec. 29—R. E. Snowdon and Rebecca J. Smith. 

Aug. 21—Andrew J. Spiller and C. Baker. 

Aug. 8—James Nilson and Mary A. Simms. 

July 23—Agnes J. Brown and Martha S. Wood. 

Nov. 18—S. T. Scott and Elizabeth Harrell. 

Jan. 31—H. Y. Smith and Lucy A. Willingham. 

Feb. 17—Benj. Phillips and Lucretia Self. 

March 3—John Weaver and Francis A. Wilson. 

March 27—F. M. Myers and Caroline Kirvin. 

Jan. 14—Samuel Baker and Arcada Varnadore. 

Aug. 6—J. H. Andrews and Elizabeth J. Ashly. 

July 4—David J. Barber and Mary L. Bostick. 

Jan. 24—Hiram Green and Elizabeth Greer. - • 

Feb. 17—Wm. Ragg and Harriet Harrill. 

Sept. 7—John Massey and Georgia A. Russell. 

July 9—Wm. Boren and Louisa Haws. 

May 30—John L. Ridgeway and Martha A. Kimbrough. 

Dec. 10—Jesse J. Kimbrough and Frances A. Watt. 

DEATHS. 

May 28—In Girard, Malcom Cameroii, a,native of Virginia. 

June 21—Hon. Augustine Claytou, a distinguished lawyer, who 
had represented the State in Congress and filled other high public 
positions. 
• Aug. 21—Mrs. Elizabeth J. Jones. 

Sept. ——Miss Sarah Amanda Benning. 

f 

I 

 106 ELECTIONS. 

184O. 

[ 

Increasing Business—Large Cotton Receipts—Political JEx- 

citement, &c. 

The extensive settlement of East Alabama, as a sequence 
of the removal of the Indians from that section, now began 
to show its effects in a considerable increase of the trade of 
Columbus. The cotton receipts were largely augmented, and 
trade improved in a corresponding ratio. Altogether, the 
situation seems to have been as favorable as could reasonably 
have been expected, considering the unsettled condition of 
business and finances throughout the country. 

This was the year of the noted Presidential contest between 
the political parties supporting Harrison and Van Buren, re 
spectively, and Columbus shared largely in the excitement 
and enthusiasm of the contest—the majority of the citizens 
siding with the party that elected Harrison. 

At the Presidential election in November, the City gave 
the Harrison Electoral ticket 824 votes, and the Van Buren 
ticket 503. In the whole county the vote stood—Harrison 
1,044, Van Buren 811. 

At the October election of this year J. S. Calhoun was 
elected Senator, and Messrs. Flournoy, Chipley, Alexander 
and Sapp (Harrison men) Eepresentatives. 

At the municipal election, held on the first Saturday in 
January, the following gentlemen were chosen Mayor and 
Aldermen: Mayor, W. H. Harper; Aldermen, 1st Ward, 
John W. Campbell, J. C. Austin; 2nd Ward, J. B. Wood, G. 
W. Martin; 3d Ward, Wiley Williams, J. C. Euse; 4th 
Ward, Homer Hurd, Thomas C. Watson; 5th Ward, John 
D. Ho well, J. L. Morton; 6th Ward, Joseph Sturgis, Hiram 
Brooks. 

-, TOLL REDUCED. 

I In the election by Council at their first meeting the follow 
ing City officers were chosen: Treasurer, John Bethune, Esq.; 
Marshal, A. K. Ayer; Clerk, Calvin Stratton; City Attorney, 
D. Golightly; City Physician, A. Pond. 

Mr. Golightly declined the office of City Attorney, and 
Philip T. Schulz was elected in his stead. 

x' This was an entire change of city officers elected by the 
people, except the Aldermen of the 6th Ward. 

A strong support was given to motions to reduce salaries 
and one or two reductions were carried on the first vote, but 
this was subsequently reconsidered, and the salaries as finally 
agreed upon differed but little from those of the year pre 
ceding. 

One of the first acts of the new Council was to repeal the 
ordinance requiring the enrollment of all the citizens for 
patrol duty. In lieu thereof, each citizen, heretofore liable, 
was taxed three dollars for exemption, and those refusing to 
pay this tax were held to be still liable to patrol.duty, and 
ordered to be organized therefor. 

Council elected the following health officers for the year 
1840: 1st Ward, Dr. A. I. Eobison, Dr. S. Boykin, Dr. A. 
Hunt; 2nd Ward, Dr. John E. Bacon, Dr. W. K. Schley, 
Thos. W. Berry; 3d Ward, Dr. E. Sankey, Dr. J. J. BosweU 
Elisha Eeid; 4th Ward, Dr. L. Holt, Thomas Sanders, James 
Kivlin; 5th Ward, L. C. Alien, Alexander McDonald, E. 
Wells; 6th Ward, Dr. J. W. Turner, Wm. Blair, B. F. 
Coleman. .. , ,,• i* v.-tjii-'/utf »fl 

The office of Deputy Marshal was created in January, and 
Wm. H. Alston elected. 

The contract system for crossing the bridge was at first 
, abandoned by this Council, and in lieu thereof a reduction of 
33 J per cent, was made from the regular rates of toll in favor 
of citizens of Muscogee and Eussell counties. Wood haulers 
were allowed to cross free with their loads, and lumber haul 
ers at half rates; preachers free. But this resolution was 

I 

:<< 

 108 

THE COTTON MARKET. 

INCIDENTS. „. 

109 

soon reconsidered and the contract system again adopted, 
with the above named exceptions. 

The Treasurer was instructed to issue $20,000 City money, 
in small notes, to furnish change, and afterwards $525 was 
paid for the engraving of the notes. 

Among other measures of retrenchment proposed was one 
to dispense with the use of lamps for the year, which only 
failed by the casting vote of the Mayor, at the meeting on the 
the 8th of February, was adopted at the meeting on the 19th 
of the same month, and again reconsidered on the 22d. 

The Committee on City Improvements reported that they 
had not the means of ascertaining the practicability of intro 
ducing water into the City, and the finances of the City 
would not then allow it, though desirable. Adopted. 

The county authorities of Eussell county, Ala., had assessed 
the one acre lot in Girard, on which the western abutment of 
the bridge rested, at $10,000, and taxed it accordingly. A 
committee of Council, in March, reported that Eussell county 
had a right to make this assessment, but the courts had a 
right to revise it, and recommended an appeal to the courts. 
Adopted. 

Cotton opened in January at 7 to 7| cents, with large re 
ceipts, and freights to Apalachicola $2.50 per bale. The 
price declined during the spring and summer, but advanced 
again in the fall, when it became apparent that the crop 
would be smaller than was anticipated. We find it quoted 
in November at from 8 to 9 cents, and the last quotation in 
December is from 7 to 9c. The Enquirer, on the 28th of 
April, estimated the receipts of Columbus up to that time, 
since the 1st of September, 1839, at 50,000 bales, but it had 
no actual returns. This was fully double the amount that 
had been received the preceding year to same date. 

The first notice of the appearance of the cotton caterpillar, 
which we have found in our examination of the Columbus 
papers, is during this year. The destruction by them was 

rrery great. Their appearance was first reported on the 26th 
>f August. 
The first bale of new cotton was received on the 24th of 
August. It was grown by Newton Freeman, of Eussell 
;ounty, Ala., and sold at 8|c. 
The Sexton reported interments in the city cemetery from 
the 1st of January to the 1st of April, 3; from 1st June to 
1st July, 7. 

On the 12th September A. B. Eagan was elected an Alder 
man for the Franklin ward, to fill the vacancy occasioned by 
the resignation of John C. Austin. 

On the 10th of October, the committee appointed for that 
purpose by the Council, reported that they had, in co-opera 
tion with a similar committee appointed by the county author 
ities, examined the new Court-house built by Messrs. John 
and Wells Godwin, contractors, and had approved and ac 
cepted the same. Subsequently the claim of Messrs. God 
win for extra pay for work not included in the contract was 
submitted to arbitration, and the sum of $6,000 awarded to 
them for such extra work. 

INCIDENTS. 

A man named Goodwin was killed in Columbus, on the 7th 
of April, by one Caldwell, of Girard. He shot Goodwin while 
the latter was attempting to escape arrest by an officer. 

A man named Moody, who had been in the City but a short 
time and of whom but little was known, committed suicide 
near the cemetery in April. 

On the 27th of June, William Alexander, eldest son of Dr. 
A. H. Flewellen, was drowned in the Chattahoochee. 

Girard, this year, had a postoffice and a newspaper. W. 
B. Harris, Esq., was Postmaster. The paper was called the 
Alabama State Register, and was edited by Benj. Gardner. 

At the 4th of July celebration, Dr. L. Pierce offered prayer, 
Dr. J. B. Hoxey read the Declaration, and N. L. Howard, 
Esq., delivered the oration. Col. A. K. Ayer was Marshal of 
the day. 

 INCIDENTS. 

* 

John Schley, Esq., was appointed Postmaster of the City in 
July, succeeding Mr. Van Ness, who did not seek a re-ap 
pointment, and who had been the Postmaster since 1828. 

The steamboat LeEoy, Washington Smith master, exploded 
her boilers opposite Blount town, on the Chattahoochee river, 
September 24th, by which six persons were killed and several 
wounded. Mr. Willis Alston was the only passenger hurt. 
The boat was owned by mail contractors Hopkins & Stockton. 

All the Banks of the State were required to make periodic 
reports of their condition for publication. It used to be said 
(perhaps maliciously) that the wheelbarrow acted an impor 
tant part in these showings, in cities which had more than 
one bank; that after the specie had been counted in one 
bank it would be wheeled over to another to be reported in 
its assets also, and thus gave to the> whole of them a fictitious 
strength. This year the Columbus Bank had $377,218 of 
bills issued, and $163,291 '58 of deposits, and due other 
banks $74,289—$614,798 63. Due by other banks and 
agents $220,000 82; specie, notes of % other banks, &c., 
$217,297 26—$437,228 68. The St. Mary's Bank reported 
$29,915 of notes in circulation, and $14,555 52 in specie; 
the Chattahoochee Eailroad and Banking Company had 
$109,420 notes in circulation and $62,110 87 in specie. The 
Insurance Bank of Columbus had $5,289 in circulation and 
$25,790 in specie. All these Columbus banks afterwards 
broke, but they were paying specie this year, and very few 
banks in the State were doing so. , i 

The following were ruling prices on Dec. 9th, quoted by J. 
E. Davis, exchange broker, and F. McMurray, grocer: Sight 
bills on New York 7 to 7 J per cent, premium; Charleston, 6 
per cent; Savannah, 3J to 4; New Orleans, 4 to 4J; specie, 
4 per cent.; bagging, 25 to 35 (the latter India;) rope, 12J; 
hams, 15; sides and shoulders, 9; butter, 25 to 37; candles, 
18 (tallow) to 62J (sperm;) coffee, 15 to 16; corn, 40 ; wheat, 
75; oats, 37J; brandy, $1 75 to $2; whisky (Irish,) $4; 

PERSONAL. 

Ill 

Monongahela, 87J to $1; Sugar (N. O.,) 10 to 12; loaf, 
18 to 25. 

PEESONAL. 

The county officers elected on the 1st Monday in January, 
were: Sheriff, S. B. Bonner; Clerk Superior Court, A. Levi- 
son; Clerk Inferior Court, N. McLester; Tax Collector, T. 
A. Brannon; Tax Eeceiver, John C. W. Eogers; Coroner, 
Bartlett Weeks ; Surveyor, John E. Lamar. 

At the Spring term of Muscogee Superior Court for 1840, 
the following gentlemen served as Grand Jurors: John 
Woolfolk, Bird F. Eobinson, John H. Ware, C. D. Stewart, 
F. D. Toby, David Wright, Elijah Corley, A. L. Watkins, 
E. C. Bandy, J. Barrow, Peter V. Guerry, Thomas M. San 
ders, Josiah Grimes, A. M. Walker, G. W. Eoss, A. I. Eobi- 
son, Elisha Tarver, T. A. Thornton, Asa Bates, Wm. P. 
Malone. 

Dr. Goulding opened a select school in January; and Mr. 
Wayland, "graduate of an English University," opened a 
high shool in February. 

A meeting of mechanics of the City, opposed to Mr. Van 
Buren, was held in October, and as we obtain from the list of 
signers the names of a large number (probably a considerable 
majority) of the mechanics in Columbus at that time, we copy 
the list: 

!\ Toby, carpenter; M. D. Jones, blacksmith; J. S. Norman, sad 
dler; D. W. Upton, carpenter; P. A. Jepson, brickmaker; J. M. 
"Williams and N. McC. Robinson, (afterwards Marshal of city), brick 
layers ; O. P. McLane, silversmith; Daniel Eobinson and Wm. Eob 
inson, engineers; Daniel Boe, tailor; J. Terry, carpenter (after 
wards sexton and merchant); Joseph Pranglen, plasterer; Eichard 
Owens, carpenter; WilliamB. Bell, shipcarpenter; John B. Peabody, 
silversmith; Peter Crichton, baker; W. I. Eylander, blacksmith; 
William Jepson, Simeon Guthrie, carpenters; J. A. Moore, Sterling 
Terry, bootmakers: Elisha Eeid, silversmith; Homer Kurd, tailor; 
Oliver Jeter, printer; Moses Simmons, bricklayer; J. D. Hughes, 
Wheelwright; Charles H. Heite, blacksmith; John L. Mustian, E. 
N. E. Bardwell, John A. Sears, Thomas Nix (afterwards sexton), 
carpenters; Jos. Johnson, engineer; George Betz, tailor; William 
Gilbert, saddler ; H. C. McKee, J. L. Prickett, carriage makers; J 

 112 

PERSOKAL. 

MARRIAGES. 

113 

Freeman, William Mormon, carpenters ; Nathan Gray, bookbinder; 
V. S. Townsley, blacksmith; Jas. Terry, F. A. Bosworth, carpen 
ters; John F. Boswortli, printer; James Sullivan, Silas McMichael, 
carpenters; J. Haller, carriage maker; B. Pricket, do.; J. M. Mc- 
Durne, painter; Randal McNeil, do.; J. M. McClesky, cabinet mak 
er; Jno. N. Harris, carpenter; J. M. Hogan, carpenter; LarkinFarr, 
cooper; Wm. Reid, carriage maker; R. T. Marks, painter; E. H. 
Day, printer; Chas. Rule, plasterer; Moses Garrett, painter; Jos. 
Jepson, carpenter ; J. J. Ballinger, carriage trimmer ; Wm. A. Pig- 
gatt, carpenter; G. A. Dill, do.; J. R. Young, do.; T. R. Herrin- 
dine, do.; Francis Terry, do.; T. P. Noblett, do.; Hervey Crews, 
do.; Jno. Partridge, do.; Benj. .Buell, painter; N. G. Smith, wagon 
maker; Jas. Rosseau, do.; Wm. Pride, bricklayer; Benj. Jepson, 
brickmakcr : J. B. Strupper, candy maker; T. Reid, gun maker (best 
gun maker in the United States); J. L. Holmes, carpenter; J. S. 
Williams, engineer; W. C. Clapp, tinner; J. C. Alston, Horace 
Clapp, R. McNeil, P. K. Edgar, S. R. Andrews, J. S. Walton, A. L. 
Alfred, James Reid, carpenters ; W. B. Robinson, bricklayer; Jno. 
Griffin Tliweatt, L. Denigin, printers; George Smith, plasterer; B. 
G. Kenneth, carpenter. 

The resolutions were subsequently signed by the following: 

Wagoumakers—George C., and R. and Richard Yarbrougli, William 
M. Martin, William Holt, Randal Moore, Enoch Dudley ; engineer- 
Robert Kelly; brickmakers—Aaron Ferguson, Bimietgngram, Stephen 
Lewis, Wm Salisbury, John Rounds; tailors—Blake Robinson,Henry 
Mathews; upholsterer—Wm. Green; carpenters—D. W.Broom, Thos. 
Miles, L. Jepson, Jos. Moorefleld, Dan'1 Sanls, Hir- i a Howard, Hugh 
McCall, W. S. Ilolstead, Edward Acee,N. Terry, Wiley Adams, J. D. 
Ilarley, D. J. Rees, Thos. Jepson, R. C. Patterson, W. B. HoltzcLvw, 
T. W. Bowen,G. B. C. Terry, Richard Burt; blacksmith—J. Roberts; 
shoemaker—Jno. Mott, Jas. Shaw; cabinet makers—J. M. Morgan, 
John May; silversmith—Jacob Fogle ; millrigllt—J. J. Pnrnell; sad 
dler—II. Middlebrook; printer—T. C. Connoly. 

So at that time Columbus had 73 white carpenters, 15 
blacksmiths, 19 brickmakers and layers, 8 engineers, 14 
tailors, &c.—all of the Harrison party. 

Hon. M. J. Wellborn was Judge of the Superior Court, and 
John H. Watson Solicitor. 

The grand jurors on October 17th were : Thomas Berry 
(foreman,) James M. Chambers, William Clark, James C. 
Cook, Alfred O. Blackmar, John Johnson, David Hudson, 
Anderson Hunt, John G. Hitchcock, Micajah W. Thweatt, 

William H. Kimbrough, Eobert A. Ware, William Y. Bar- 
den, Eldridge S. Greenwood, Thos. J. Shivers, Walter H. 
Weems, George W. Turrentine, John Peabody. 

MARRIAGES. 

FROM THE NEWSPAPERS. 

March 26—James McDuffle and Susan Kent, of Girard. 
April 15—In Barnwell, S. C., S. T. Chapman, of Columbus, and 
Cornelia Isabella Dick. 

June 7—George E. Sherwood and Martha W. Spencer. 
June 16—James L. Stockton, of Tennessee, and Eliza J. Wimberly. 
June 30—John A. Norton and Mary A. E. Sturgis. 
Sept. 10—Chester G. Holmes, of Apalachicola, and Eugenia, daugh 
ter of Col. W. H. Harper. 

We find on the Eecord of 1889 and on, some marriages re 
corded which took place before the Eecords were destroyed 
in the burning of the Court House in October, 1838. They 
are inserted here as matters of interest, not having been dis 
covered till the previous years had passed through the press. 

FKOM THE RECORD. 

1835. 

March 1—James S. Moore and Martha M. Tarver. 

April 23—Ephraim C. Baudy and Mariah E. Burnes; Richard 
Hooper and Louisa P. Shivers. 

May 10—Larkiii Farr and Martha Wilks. May 14, John S. Bell and 
Charlotte Craige. 

Nov. 19—Benjamin Wells and Louisa Curtis. 

1837. 

March 10—James L. DeLaney and Margaret J. Brewer. 
Aug. 2—John Johnson and Hannah Briggs. 
Oct. 25—James D. Johnson and Eliza Daily. 

1838. 

Jan. 16—James M. Watt and Treacy McCrary. 
March 15—Frances Fayerwether and Mary J. Moore. 
June 7—Hero Tapper and Clarissa Evans. 
Sept. 29—John Fagen and Eliza Anderson. 
May 16—John B. Dozier and Emily E. Huff. 
Nov: 28—Wm. M. Clemmons and Elizabeth Phillips. 
1840. 

Jan. 2—Wm. Lain and Mary A. M. Morris; Andrew J. Baggett 
and Elizabeth Cook; Wiley Weaver and Eliza Fontaine. Jan. 9, W- 
H. Howard and Harriet Howard; William Powers and Margaret 

 114 

MARRIAGES. 

DESTRUCTION OF THE BRIDGE. 

Hearn. T Jan. 12, Jas. W. Thompson and M. A. Orderly. Jan. 6) 
Ambrose Davie and Anna Philip. Jan. 23, Elbert Duke and Marga 
ret Lowry. Jan. 21, Neil Culpepper and Eliza Channel. Jan. 27, 
Willi.ita Roland and Rebecca Harrison. Jan. 30, Jesse M. Bead and 
Elizabeth II. Ligon. 

Feb. 4—Simon W. Driver and Eleanor W. Fleming. Feb.10, Fred 
erick W. Dixon and Mary A. Roland. Feb. 16, Robert C. Patter- 
son and Sarah A. Hickey. Feb. 19, Zena Roland and Malinda Wil 
son. Feb. 20, H. Vanhorn and Emily Christian. Feb. 23, Samuel 
Beck and Sarah Rodney; Franklin Greer and Elizabeth Chordre; 
Alfred T. Slaughter and Martha Williams. 

March 2—Thomas Roland and Martha Knotts. March 27, James 
Abercrombie and Sarah A. Abercrombie. 

April 2—Rufus K. Mills, of Alabama, and Sarah A. Porter. April 
12, James H. Patrick and Nancy Johnson. April 22, Reuben R. Hud- 
gins and Olive Wells. April 23, Thomas W. Watson and Fredonia C. 
Holmes. April 30, James Howell and Malinda Shoftner. 

May 10—William Barrow and Mary A. Walker. ' 

June 18—John F. Boon and Mary H. John. June 26, John A- 
Brown and Tamar Blackmar. June 30, Daniel Strough and Mary 
Cox. 

July 2—Thomas Waylanrl and Jane Leigh. July 8, Edward E. 
Wade and Lucy Blake. July 15, Dr. Leroy Holt and Mary Ann 
Sankey. July _9, John A. Walker and Frances M. Coleman. 

Aug. 6—Henry J. Eilbeck and Sarah A. H. Cook ; WillLun Short 
and Mary V. P. Lambs. Aug. 5, William J. Duke and Delia Duke. 
Aug. 10, J. J. Claxton and Susannah Doringer. Aug. 13, James 
McGrath and Eliza Dobbs. Aug. 20, Matthew Beck and Mary San 
ders. Aug. 26, Isham Hicks and C. A. Goss. Aug. 27, James Mc- 
Gowan and Mary Nobles. 

Sept. 10—Daniel R. Fox and Catharine McGiiity. Sept. 25, Asa 
Henry and Elizabeth Hortan. 

Oct. _'"- Robert L. Moore and Mary Askew. Oct. 29, Harvey W. 
Nance and Elizabeth Blfi kinan. 

Nov. 5—John Hatten and Sarah A. E. King. Nov. 12, Sterling J. 
Terry and Elizabeth A. Chapman; Seaborn Sneed and Ataline 
Slaughter. Nov. 17, Win. C. Prather and Emily C. Grimes. Nov. 
19, Rauclall McNeilland Sarah Fisher. Nov. 23, Samuel Webster and 
Elizabeth Mackey. Nov. 24, Thos. D. Fortson and Eliza. A. Pruett. 
Nov. 25, Charles Rule and Eveline Giddings. Nov. 26, Win. Price1 
and Caroline M. Tilhnan. ' 

Dec. 10—Walter T. Colquitt arid Aphia B. Fauntleroy; Henry 
Reese and Sarah Ann Styles. Dec. 11, Edward Acre and Elizabeth 
Armstrong. Dec. 17, John I. Grant and Martha Shippey; Robert 
Newsome and Mary A. Smith. Dec. 27, F. M. Doles and Mary £• 
Seger. Dec. 30, Jackson Baxley and Harriet Bachelder. 

DEATHS. 

Jan. 5—Simon Brazille. 

Jan. 25—Col. Western W. Ford. 

March 12—Arthur Sliaaf, son of Hon. Alfred Iverson. 

April 26—Mrs. Harriet Snam Taylor,wife of Dr. E. T. Taylor. 

May 6—Mrs. N. D. Laird, wife of Dr. O. P. Laird. 

June 26—In Girarrl, Benj. Pinron Tarver. 

June 30- -Ann America, child of A. O. Blackmar. 

July 7—Near the City, Robt. F. Cook, a native of Virginia. 

July 19—Eliza Ann Fletcher, infant child of Josiah Roberts. 

August 1—Mrs. Agnew Baker, wife of Rev. Joseph S. Baker, pas 
tor of th'e Baptist Church. 

August 20—Mrs. Catharine Long, wife of Col. N. W. Long, of 
Russell county. 

Sept. 9—Rev. Samuel K. Hodges. 
- Sept. 10—Joseph D. Bethune. 

Sept. 15—Miss Antonette Virginia Rutherford. 

Sept. 26—Mrs. Mary Ann Moore, wife of Robt. L. Moore. 

Sept. 2—In Muscogee, Wm. Scurlock, a Revolutionary soldier, 
aged 81. " ' ' 

1841. 

Disasters—The Bridge Swept Away—Failure of the Chatta- 

hoochee Railroad Scheme. 

The two most remarkable events in the history of the City 
for this year were the destruction of the Bridge by the great 
"Harrison freshet," and the failure of the projected connec 
tion with the Western and Atlantic Eailroad. The city, 
however, escaped complication to any great extent in the 
failure of the Chattahoochee Eailroad and Banking Company, 
hy the return of its bonds and of the mortgage which it had 
given upon the Bridge. We understand that the negotiation 
of a part at least of the bon'ds had been delayed by doubts 
as to the authority of the city, under its charter, to issue 

 116 

ELECTIONS. 

LOSS OF THE BRIDGE. 

117 

them. Whether, if the bonds had been issued and made 
available, the company would have been able to prosecute 
the work, or whether the proceeds would have been profitless- 
ly used in the general derangement of the finances of the 
country, is a question we will not undertake to decide. But 
certain it is that an enterprise of great sagacity in its con 
ception, and one promising almost incalculable benefits to 
Columbus, failed with the Chattahoochee Eailroad and Bank 
ing Company. 

At the election held on the first Saturday in January, the 
following municipal officers were chosen: 
Mayor—John L. Lewis. 

Aldermen—1st Ward, Thos. Morris and J. B. Green; 2d, Thos. 
Berry and a tie between Dr. Hoxey and B. B. Morrell (G. "W. E. Be 
dell was subsequently elected—Dr. Hoxey declining;) 3d, Wiley Wil 
liams and J. B. Howard; 4th, R. A. Ware and John Quin; 5th, J. D, 
Howell and J. L. Morton; 6th, Joseph Sturges and A. J. Abbott. 

The following city officers were elected by the Council: 

Wm. A. Douglass, Clerk; ]ST. M. C. Robinson, Marshal; John Be- 
thune, Treasurer; Richard Gray, Bridge-Keeper; Hugh McDonald. 
Deputy Marshal; J. J. B. Hoxey, Uity Physician; V. S. Townsley? 
Clerk of the Market; Wm. Rabon Shivers, City Attorney; Thomas 
W. Dvitton, Sexton; R. N. R. Bardwell, Neill McNair, Jacob Bar 
row, George W. Martin and Horatio Smith, Port Wardens. 

It would appear that there was a tie between the friends of 
Harrison and Van Buren, respectively, as the result of the 
regular election—6 to 6—and at its first meeting Council 
could not elect city 'officers because of this equal division. 
The special election in the 2d Ward resulted in the choice of 
Mr. Bedell, the Harrison candidate, giving his party seven 
votes in the Board; and at the second meeting of Council) 
on the 9th of January, the above named officers were elected. 

Mrs. Gassy Ann McGehee was Superintendent of the Hos 
pital. 

Council adopted a resolution, in January, asking Congress 
to make Columbus a port of entry. 

Dr. Wm. S. Chipley was President, and Dr. E. T. Taylor, 
Dr. Wm. K. Schley, Dr. J. J. Boswell, Dr. A. J. Pond, Lewis 

C. Alien and Lawrence Fields members of the Board of 
Health. 

The Bridge-keeper, this year, was instructed to have tickets 
prepared for tolls, and to furnish them to persons purchasing 
f 5 worth or more at 25 per cent, discount. 

Fire Wardens this year—Byrd F. Eobinson, Benj. Coleman, 

Wm. E. Bell. 

In March, the Board of Directors of the Chattahoochee 
Eailroad and Banking Company proposed that the city should 
withdraw its subscription to the stock of the company; and 
in May the city accepted this propostion, receiving back its 
bonds (which had not been negotiated) and its mortgage on 
the Bridge then destroyed. 

LOSS OF THE BRIDGE. 

On the llth of March of this year the city sustained a great 
pecuniary loss in the destruction of the bridge by what was 
termed the "Harrison Freshet." The Enquirer of the 17th 
of that month, gives but a short account of this disaster. It 
says that on Tuesday evening of the week previous, rain 
commenced descending and continued to fall in torrents for 
forty-eight hours, with slight intermissions. The city looked 
like it was built on a lake. On Wednesday the Chattahoo 
chee began to rise rapidly. The falls and rapids disappeared, 
and the turbid waters swept on their course. Whole trunks 
of trees with their roots entire were borne on the current. 
It had already risen within a few feet "of our noble bridge" 
•when a portion of the no less costly bridge at the factory, a 
few miles above, was seen descending the stream. It was 
caught, as it swung around in an eddy, by citizens, and 
anchored to a tree. The weather-boarding was knocked off 
the city bridge to save it. The river continued to rise Wed 
nesday night and Thursday at daybreak one end of the struc 
ture floated off the pier and dropped down the river, and 
"never was there a more majestic sight than the departure of 
that noble bridge on its .remarkable voyage." Several par 
ties walked across it a short time before it was gone. The 

 118 

WATEE LOTS. 

WATEE LOTS. 

119 

river was then flowing over the flooring. The stage had just 
reached the Girard side—having passed over—when the 
bridge floated off. Its course, after leaving the piers, was 
uninterrupted until it reached "Woolfolk's plantation, eight 
miles below, where it took up new moorings in the centre of a 
large cotton field, on which the river had never before been 
known to encroach. It was caught and made fast by Col. 
"Woolfolk and his hands. 

The destruction of the bridge was announced to Council at 
a called meeting, held on the llth of March, and the Board 
instructed a committee to make a contract at once for the 
construction of two flats for temporary ferriage. 

Council also adopted a resolution thanking a number of 
gentlemen for their exertions to save the bridge. 

At the meeting of Council on the 27th of March, proposi 
tions were submitted for re-building the bridge by the follow 
ing persons, at the prices named: Joseph Davidson, $15,500; 
Asa Bates, $15,000; John Bell, $14,800; David Wright, 
$13,000; P. H. Nolan, $16,000; John Godwin, $15,100. 
None of these parties proposed to include insurance, except 
Mr. Godwin, and his bid was accepted, not only on this ac 
count, but because he named the earliest time for the com 
pletion of the bridge. He was to nave it ready for crossing 
by the 20th July. 

In March, Philip A. Clayton was elected an Alderman for 
the 4th Ward, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the removal of 
Alderman Ware from the ward; and in May Stephen G. 
Wells was elected an Alderman of the St. Glair Ward, to fill 
a vacancy caused by the resignation of Aid. Howard. 

At its meeting on the 29th of June the Board adopted an 
ordinance authorizing the lease of some and sale of other al 
ternate water lots on the river to persons who would contract 
to make available the water power connected with them, by 
means of a dam and a race or canal, &c.; and Josephus Echols 
having- agreed to the terms of the ordinance, he was allowed 

until the first of October to complete his agreement, by 
bond, &c. 

The contract for the sale of the water lots, heretofore uni- 
formally agreed upon, was consummated on the 22d of De 
cember, 1841, between the Mayor and Aldermen of the one 
part and John H. Howard and Josephus Echols of the other 
part. The river front, west of Bay street, from Franklin 
street on the north to Crawford street on the south, was laid 
off' by John Bethune, surveyor, in 37 water lots, each lot 72 
feet wide. Every alternate lot, being the even numbers from 
2 to 36 inclusive, were conveyed in fee simple to Messrs. 
Howard and Echols, in consideration of the sum of one hun 
dred dollars cash, and on the condition that they should con 
struct a dam across the river and a safe and well constructed 
canal or race, so as to allow a sufficient head at low water 
along all the lots, and to keep the dam and race forever in 
good repair—the dam and race to be commenced within one 
year from the 30th day of June, 1841, (the date of the bond 
made by Messrs. Howard and Echols,) to be made available 
for machinery on lot^No. 1 within twenty-seven months, and 
be completed within five years. 

A powder magazine, previously contracted for, having been 
finished by J. E. Yonge, was accepted by Council in June. 

At this time a line of stages ran from Columbus, via Tus- 
kegee, to Franklin, on the Montgomery and West Point Kail- 
road. Columbus also had connection with the Georgia Kail- 
road by a line of stages. , 

Mr. Godwin had the bridge ready for crossing in July, as 
per contract, and it was so reported to Council on the 21st of 
that month. An order for the discontinuance of the ferry 
was then adopted. Council received the bridge on the 23d 
of November, though it was not entirely completed at that. 
time. 

In August, Willis S. Holstead was elected an Alderman of 
the 2d Ward, in the place of Alderman Bedell, resigned. 

 120 

INCIDENTS. 

BUSINESS MEN, ETC. 

121 

The Powder Magazine was completed this year, accepted 
"by Council, and" B. Gray appointed keeper. 

The controversy between the city authorities and Dr. S. M. 
Ingersoll, in reference to the dam across the river constructed 
by Dr. I., commenced this year. A committee was appointed 
in December to inquire as to the right of Dr. Ingersoll to 
build the dam, and whether it was not the cause of the river 
banks washing away. The committee reported that he had 
no right to build the dam, and that it was in part the cause 
of the washing of the banks. They reported in favor of the 
completion of a breakwater on the Columbus side, then being 
built by Mr. Godwin, also that the Marshal erect a dam across 
the wash immediately above the bridge. Adopted. 

INCIDENTS. 

The Banks in Columbus resumed specie payment in Feb 
ruary, as required by an act of the Legislature, but -the re 
sumption proved to be of short duration; for they suspended 
again in March, and in June the Chattahoochee Railroad and 
Banking Company, of Columbus, closed doors, and H. T. 
Greenwood protested certain bills of the Columbus Bank to 
the Governor. A committee was afterwards appointed to ex 
amine into the condition of the Chattahoochee Eailroad and 
Banking Company. The bank had in circulation $200,000 
of bills, and owned 6,000 bales of cotton, well covered by ad 
vances. We judge from editorial remarks that the Stock 
holders drew out their capital stock, $141,000, before the 
failure. The Directors afterwards appointed, as trustees, 
John Bethune, Wm. P. Yonge, and Van Leonard. L. Gam- 
brill was Cashier. 

The first new bale of cotton of the season was received on 
August 21st, from Jas. M. Pruitt, of Eussell county, Alabama. 
It was sold at auction by Smith, Beattie & Co., to Lewis Liv- 
ingston, at twelve cents, in Central Bank bills,.and stored at 
Wm. P. Yonge's warehouse. 

The Muscogee Insurance Company was in operation this 
year—Directors, John Warren, G. E. Thomas, E. S. Green 

wood, John Peabody, T. B. Howard, Kennith McKenzie. 
President, John Banks; Secretary, Matt. B. Evans. 

Among the institutions of Columbus this year was the 
"Hibernian Benevolent Society," of which John Quin was 
President. Another was the "St. Andrew's Society," John 
Bethune President, and Chas. Wise Secretary. 

PERSONAL. 

The Justices of the Inferior Court of Muscogee, elected 
this year, were Messrs. Wm. H. Mitchell, Jas. M. Chambers, 
Wiley Williams, S. A. Bailey and H. C. Sapp; Tax Collector, 
T. A. Brannon; Tax Beceiver, J. W. C. Eogers. 

At the 4th of July celebration, 1ST. M. C. Eobinson was 
Marshal of the day; prayer by Eev. L. Pierce, reading of the 
Declaration by Jas. L. Pierce, Esq.; and oration by A. H- 
Cooper, Esq. 

G. W. E. Bedell was Postmaster of Columbus. 
In October, Col. A. McDougald was elected Senator, and 
Van Leonard, John H. Howard, W. T. Colquitt and J. H. 
Watson Eepresentatives of Muscogee. 

Messrs. Bull, Goulding & Co., were proprietors of the En 
quirer. 

We find these advertisers hitherto unmentioned: John 
Lloyd, book-keeping teacher; Moses Garrett, window blind 
and sash factory ; James Eousseau, groceries ; James T. Ep- 
pinger & Co., hats and caps; Wm. E. Shivers, W. P. Sanford 
& Dowdell, lawyers; W. S. Billing, druggist and physician; 
Drs. Boswell and Billing, physicians; F. A. Halleter, teacher; 
W. J. Ellis,school teacher; J. B. Landrum & M. Matthewson, 
auction and commission business; Hampton S. Smith & Aug. 
Hayward, warehousemen; Andrew Low & Co., grocers; E. 
W. B. Munro, principal of the Wynnton Female Academy; 
G. E. Thomas & L. T. Downing, lawyers ; H. W. Nance, gro 
cer ; J. A. Dublois, H. T. Hall & F. N. Euse, warehousemen ; 
Peter McLaren, grocer; G. W. Woodruff & Co., dry goods; 
J. J. McKendree, J. P.; S. S. Grimes & H. T. Greenwood, 
grocers. 

 122 

MARRIAGES. 

Eev. W. D. Matthews was Presiding Elder of the Colum 
bus District. 

MARRIAGES. 

Jan. 3—Win. Champion and Ann Davis. Jan. 7, Isaac Gallups 
and Martha Pate. Jan. 15, Augustus G. Smith and Martha McCol- 
lister. Jan. 17, Benjamin F. Malone and Susan Ann Burch. Jan. 19, 
Theophilus Bryan and Lavina Weathers. Jan. 20, Bichard Jefferson 
and Rebecca, Jlays. Jan. 27, Milton Williams and Mary J. Ruther 
ford. Jan. 31, James Ray anil Dicy Bryan. 

Feb. 4—John D. Carter and Zoonouia Hoxie. Feb. 9, Robert II. 
Yarborough and Margaret P. Burt. Feb. 13, Paton H. Pinckarcl and 
Matilda A. Stone. Feb. 16, Matthew J. Parker and Mary A. Mac- 
key. Feb. 18, Henson S. Estes and Martha J. Gray, Jeptha C. Dean 
and Isabella King. Feb. 25, Thomas P. Sparks and Matilda Bruii- 
son, Benjamin Waller and Matilda Putnam. 

March 4—Joseph G. King and Sarah N. McNaughton. March 10, 
Charles P. Henry and Virginia R. Durrum. 

April 13—Algernon S. Ealy and Martha A. Pain. April 15, 
William H. Lamar and Sarah Sanders, John Johnson and Epsey 
George. April 17, Francis McMurray and Charlotte L. Goulding. 
April 27, Joseph S. Prudeii and Ann J. S. Orr. 

May 2—Irvin Watkins and Elizabeth Johnson. May 5, Francis 
Victury and Jane Rodgers. May 11, James Barnes and Mary Cooper. 
May 16, John Dimond and Sarah L. Hollenbeck, John Mitchell and 
Sarah Lunsford. May 18, Calvin Stratton and Henrietta White- 
May 20, Thomas O'Brian and Jane Evans. 

June 1—William Perry and Sarah C. Jones. June 8, Josiah M. 
Kent and Rosella Jemison. June 15, Daniel Johnson and Rebecca 
McGibbony. June 27, Bartlett T. Dean and Nancy Smith. 

July 1—Simeon Bennett and Nancy Perry. July 8, Solomon Bick- 
ley and Rebecca J. Culver. July 15, Paton Vincent and Malinda 
Tharp. July 22, Ansalum L. Lawson and Elizabeth Huguely. July 

26. Israel W. Roberts and Hester Willers. 

Aug. 1—Bradford Wall and Rachel Posey. Aug. 3, John Simpson 
and Malinda Phillips. Aug. 19, Turner Peck and Tempa A. Laws. 

Sept. 2—Nelson McLester and Phebe B. Kirkland: Sampson Cox 
and Mary A. Clark. Sept. 9, Duncan Cooksey and Gilly A. Tucker. 
Sept. 23, Anderson McNeal and Elizabeth Thomas. Sept. 26, James 
J. Chaffin and Nier Marcrum. Sept. 30, Miller H. White and Sarah 
T. Bennett. 

Oct. 4—Hilliard S. Newby and Mary Gray. Oct. 14, Abner G. 
Coates and Cynthia Huguley. Oct. 17, F. Me. M. Marks and Adaline 
A. E. Reed. Oct. 19, Joel C. Wiggins and Martha M. Russell. Oct. 

27. Wm. S. Culver and Mary K. Archer. 

MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. 

123 

Nov. 10—James H. Wilson and Charlotte Kelley. Nov. 16, Chris 
topher Chambliss and Amanda M. Edwards, Alexander Dent and 
Martha Weddiugton. Nov. 18, James M. Harris and Martha Ray, 
B. P. Rogers and Sarah A. Underwood. Nov. 23, Bennett M. Raiford 
and Mary Jane Kent. Nov. 25, Tilhnan D. West and Caroline Pick- 
ard. 

Dec. 7—William Iverson and Haney Ann Dawkins, Lewis T. Wim- 
berly and Hannah Pitts, John C. Brassill and Elizabeth Minyard. 
Dec. 14, Franklin A. Nisbet and Arabella Alexander. Dec. 21, Chas. 
B. Smith and Martha A. A : is. Dec. 23, John Tillery and Rebecca 
Powers. Dec. L'4, Archibald Armstrong and Louisa Prosser. Dec. 
28, Abraham W. Mann and Sarah A. Wilkes. Dec. 29, James Curn- 
mings and Jemhnah Hays. Dec. 30, William B. Wilkes and Permelia 
Johnson. 

DEATHS. 

March 24—David Golightly, Esq. 

May 15—Thomas, Son of William and Lucinda Salisbury. 

May 27—Mrs. Mary Matilda, wife of W. W. Garrard. 

July 10—Benjamin B. Morrell. 

July 14—Maria, daughter of Samuel K. Hodges. 

July 16—In Greensboro', Mrs. Anna V., wife of James S. Cal. 
houn, Esq., of Columbus. 

Aug. 6—Mrs. Caroline McGehee, wife of Samuel W. McGehee, 
of Barbour County, Ala. 

Sept. 5_Mrs. Winnifred Bivins, wife of M. L. Bivins. 

Oct. 4—William Gilbert. 

Oct. 31—George Smith, a native of Scotland. 

There were 53 deaths of white persons in the City this 
year, of whom 28 were adults, and 25 children. But the 
above are all the names we can find in the records before us. 

I 

 124 CITY OFFICEES. 

1842. 

The First Great fire—Council refuses to have fire Engines— 
Hard up for Cash —Sale of Water Lots, and Stipulations 
for Cotton Factories. , • 

At the municipal election held on the first Saturday in 
January, there was a tie between John L. Lewis and Dr. W. 
S. Chipley, candidates for Mayor, and the following gentlemen 
were elected Aldermen: 

1st Ward—Thomas Berry, Francis N. Ruse; 2d, Thos. Morris, 
Edward Barnard ; 3d, N. L. Howard, S. G. Wells; 4th. John 
Quin, Thomas Bverett; 5th, John D. How^ll, Joseph L. Morton ', 
6th, Joseph Sturgis, A. J. Abbott. 

At a special election held on the 15th of January, John L. 
Lewis was elected Mayor, by a majority of 30 votes over his 
opponent Dr. Chipley. 

The following city officers were elected by the Council: 

Michael N. Clarke, Clerk, salary $600 ; Nat. M. C. Robinson, 
Marshal, salary $1,000 ; James M. Hughes, Deputy Marshal, sal 
ary $600; John Bethune, Treasurer, salary $800; Richard Gray, 
Bridge-Keeper, salary $600; John J. B. Hoxey, City Physician, sal. 
ary $200 ; Victor N. Townsley, Clerk of the Market, salary $250; 
Daniel G. Sauls, Sexton ; John Magner, Hospital Keeper. 

The City Guard, consisting of 12, was chosen, as follows : 
James D. Wilkenson, Augustus A. Dill, Francis Madden, 
Benj. F. Coleman, John Sullivan, William H.'Thompson, 
Simeon Guthrie, William E. Bradford, David J. Barber, 
William N. Jackson, Hugh McDonald and John G. Bunnell. 

Dr. Wm. S. Chipley was elected President of the Board of 
Health, and the following gentlemen chosen members of the 
Board: Dr. Anderson Hunt, Dr. A. I. Eobison, Dr. Wm. K. 
Schley, Eichard Sammis, Alex McDougald, Ephraim C. 
Bandy. 

THE BIG FIRE OF 1842. 

125 

I 

Port Wardens elected—Seymour E. Bonner, Jacob Bar 
row, Frederick Toby, E. N. E. Bardwell and H. T. Hall. 

John M. Bethune was elected City Attorney. 

The principal city taxes levied this year, in accordance 
with an act passed by the Legislature on the 10th of Decem 
ber, 1841, were the following: On all white males between 
21 and 60 years, in commutation of patrol duty, $1; onfall 
free persons of color between same ages, $6 ; on every $100 
worth of town property, or stock in trade, or capital employ 
ed by brokers, exchange merchants, banks, insurance or 
trust companies, or due by note, or of any other property not 
otherwise taxed, 25cts.; lawj^ers, physicians, factors or bro 
kers, $4. 

The city and county authorities agreed, in February, upon 
a plan for improving the public square, by planting ornamen 
tal trees, &c., the city and county to share the expense 
equally. 

In March, Willis S. Ilolstead was elected an alderman of 
the 2d ward, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of 
Edward Barnard. 

Several citizens of the 4th ward petitioned council, in 
March, for the abatement of "a nuisance," viz : an iron foun 
dry erected in that ward. This petition was referred to a 
committee of council, who reported against the abatement of 
the foundry as a nuisance. 

On Tuesday night, March 15th, Columbus had a big fire. 
It originated in a frame building, west side of Broad streeib, 
occupied by Eosseau & Choate, as a grocery and dry good$ 
store. That was destroyed; Wm. Amos' two-story wooden 
building, occupied below by Mr. Abbott, as a grocery store, 
and Mr. Amos above; Peter Crichton's confectionary and 
bakery; Wells & Hudgin's dry goods and grocery store; Col. 
S. Jones' two-story brick building on the corner occupied by 
Estes & Illges, grocery, Moore & Hodges, and McGough & 
Crews, dry goods (this was blown up); Mr. Hargrave's brick 
building, occupied by Boswell & Billing, druggists (this was 

1 

 226 

FIRE ENGINES. 

CITY TREASURY LOW. 

127 

111!:.. 

blown up); Mr. Hargrave's two-story brick building, occu 
pied by Mulford & Adams, dry goods. The clothing store of 
Geo. C. Sherwood was also blown up. The market house and 
range below were saved by blowing up houses. Two small 
buildings and the residence of A. K. Ayer, on Front street, 
were blown up. The fire was on the west side of Broad be 
tween Eandolph and St. Glair streets. The city had not a 
single fire engine. The following losses are reported : Col. S. 
Jones' building, $7,000 ; Ayer's $2,000; Geo. Hargrave's 
(two houses), $8,000; Lock's $2,000; Crichton and Locks, 
$3,000 each; Geo. C. Sherwood, $2,000; Wells & Hudgins, 
and Eosseau & Choate, $10,000 eacli; McGough & Crews, 
and Mulford & Adams, $8,000 each; Moore & Hodges, 
$2,000 ; Bstes & Illges, $5,000 ; Abbott, $5,000 ; Boswell & 
Billing $6,000. Total loss $100,000—little insurance. G. E. 
Hurlburt, Professor of music, was injured badly by an explo 
sion, and died from the effects. 

The origin of this fire was a mystery. Some persons en 
tertained the suspicion that Messrs. Eosseau & Choate fired 
their own store for the purpose of obtaining the insurance, 
which was large. But a committee of Council, appointed to 
investigate the matter, made a report fully exculpating them, 
and stating facts which showed the suspicion to be unreason 
able and unjust. The committee also reported that the house 
was undoubtedly set on fire intentionally, and Council offered 
a reward of $500 for the detection and apprehension of the 
incendiary. This fire also aroused the citizens to the necessi 
ty of better safeguards against such disasters, and caused a 
rigid investigation for the detection of merchants wno were 
keeping more gunpowder in their stores than the city ordi 
nance allowed. Several of them were reported as having 
violated the ordinance, and they were fined $50 each. Coun 
cil ordered the powder taken from their stores to be sent to 
the magazine. 

The committee appointed by Council to confer with the 
citizens on the subject of procuring fire engines, reported on 

the 15th of April. A majority of the committee, consisting 
of Messrs. Morion and Howell, reported against the purchase 
of fire engines at that time, insisting that it would require 
four engines at a cost of $8,000; that the city was so crowd 
ed with wooden buildings that the engines could not be worked 
with much efficiency; that there was not a sufficient supply 
of water; and that the city could not now afford the expense. 
Mr. Quin, the other member of the committee, reported in 
favor of purchasing the engines, in conjunction with the citi 
zens, who, he said, would make private contributions. He 
took issue with the majority of the committee upon the 
points stated above, and contended that experience in other 
cities had fully established the efficiency of fire engines. 
The report of the majority of the committee was adopted by 
Council, by a vote of 6 to 3. 

The office of City Physician having become vacant by 
the removal of Dr. Hoxey from the city, Dr. S. A. Billing 
was elected in his stead. 

John Morgan, elected an Alderman of the 2d ward in place 
of Aid. Holstead removed from the ward, took his seat in 
May. 

In June, in accordance with resolutions adopted by the 
citizens in public meeting, Council instructed a special 
committee to contract with some person for the construction 
of a dam or breakwater to arrest the encroachment of the 
river at the upper end of Broad street, then represented to be 
increasing and alarming. At a subsequent meeting, Council 
adopted a plan submitted by Aid. Quin, which was for the 
Marshal, with the city hands and other help to be employed, 
to fill up the break made by the river, with pine bushes cut 
from the east commons, and weighted down with rock. 

Funds in the city treasury being low and partly in uncur- 
r'ent money, Council in October authorized the Mayor to 
negotiate a loan of $20,000, and to mortgage any property 
belonging to the city as security for its repayment. 

At a called meeting on the 18th of November, Council re- 

i_^^ 

I 

 128 

INCIDENTS. 

PERSONAL. 

129 

I 

solved to offer for sale the remaining water lots belonging to 
the city, by opening books of subscription until the 1st of 
December, estimating the property at $20,000 and dividing 
the interest in shares of $20 each. At the same meeting 
Council agreed to sell to Dr. J. J. Boswell & Co., for the sum 
of $150, water lot No. 21, on condition that they put in suc 
cessful operation thereon a cotton factory before the 1st of 
August 1844. 

Subsequently Council agreed to exchange with Messrs. 
Howard and Echols, lot No. 1 for lot No. 4. 

INCIDENTS. 

Henry TV. Arnett, a citizen of Harris county, was mur 
dered in Columbus on the night of the 4th of January. 
—— Green was afterwards hung for the murder. 

There was a strong feeling in favor of Texas in her still 
unsettled relations with Mexico. In March the citizens of 
Columbus held a large meeting, of which the Mayor was 
chairman, at which strong resolutions favoring Texas were 
passed. Large subscriptions were obtained for Texas. B. 
F. Malone, D. P. Ellis and Dr. Chipley were of the commit 
tee of thirty-one to procure additional amounts. Santa Anna 
then ruled Mexico. Gen. Houston was President of Texas. 

Thirty-ei^ht men, styled "Coon Hunters," left Columbus 
for the Texas army, via Apalachicola. Major J. B. Hoxey 
commanded. 

Jones & Moore's merchant mill, in the upper part of the 
city, during the spring had floated into the middle of the 
river. Mi\ Bridges, with four men, succeeded in floating it 
ashore, where it was as good as ever. 

We find a notice of the participation of two Colum'bus 
volunteer companies in a general muster on the 21st of June. 
They were the Muscogee Blues, Capt. Schley, and Columbus 
Guards. 

The Sabbath schools of the city celebrated July 4th with 
"speeches, &c. The Wynnton, Methodist Factory, Baptist, 

Girard and Presbyterian Sabbath schools are named. Eevs. 
Drs. Baker and Goulding participated. 

Gen. Mirabeau B. Lamar, ex-President of Texas, arrived 
in Columbus on the 12th, and took lodgings at the Ogle- 
thorpe House. He was tendered a public dinner. 

The first bale of cotton was brought in by Mr. John Odom, 
of Eussell county, on August 15th, and was sold in specie 
funds to Mr. LeGrand TVright for ten cents. 

In September, John Hunter, L. J. Davies, Hall & Moses, 
D. & J. Kyle, Hill, Dawson & Co., Euse & Barnard and L. B. 
Moody were appointed a Board of Trade to report a weekly 
exchange table. They reported, among other things, Colum 
bus and Planters' & Mechanics' Banks "broke;" City Coun 
cil's, 10, 20 and 25 per cent, discount; Insurance and Phenix 
Banks of Columbus, par; sight checks on New York, 2 per 
cent, premium. 

The grand jury at the fall term, reported that Muscogee 
county owed a debt of $19,683. 

Cotton in November 4^ to 6c. in specie funds, and in 
December 3| to 6c. 

The new and splendid steamer "Columbus," Capt. Alien, 
arrived in December. 

The receipts of cotton from the 1st Sept. 1841 to the 7th 
May, 1842, (the latest statement we can find) were 40,424 bales. 

PERSONAL. 

At the county election on the 1st of January, John Mang- 
ham was elected Sheriff over M. Dancer; TV. Y. Barden, Clerk 
the Superior Court, over Guerry; Nelson MeLester, Clerk of 
Inferior Court, over A. G. Beckham; McNorton, Tax Eeceiver, 
over Lamar; TVilkes, Tax Collector, over Calhoun; [T. A. 
Brannon was elected Tax Collector in April, to fill a va 
cancy.] Coleman, Coroner, over Kenney. 

W. D. Matthews was Presiding Elder of the Columbus 
Circuit, and James B. Payne stationed at Columbus. 

The April grand jurors were: S. Boykin, J. B. Green, A. 

Jlii'i, 

 130 

PERSONAL. 

E. Bramion, A. G. Bass, E. A. Ware, W. H. Maynor, John 
Logan, B. A. Sorsby, B. H. Greene, E. Tarver, E. 1ST. E. Bard- 
well, J. J. Boswell, J. J. McKendree, A. Hunt, Thomas Mor 
ris, H. S. Smith, H. King, E. A. Greene, T. H. Smith. 

William Y. Barden was Clerk of Court. 

S. W. Flournoy was announced as editor of the Enquirer 
in May. 

The October election resulted in the choice of McDougald, 
Senator, over Flournoy; Baker, Guerry, Pool and Alexander, 
for the House, over Leonard, Green, Wynn and Jones—all 
the elect Democrats but Leonard. 

The grand jury for the fall term was composed of A. H. 
Flewel'len, John Woolfolk, Van Leonard, A. I. Eobison, Sam'1 
Koockogey, Jacob Fogle, Aaron Odom, A. L. Grant, Chven 
Thomas, M. W. Thweait, Mansfield Torrance, J. E. Jones, 
W. E. Jones, S. C. Lindsey, M. D. Jones, Josiah Beall, Jas. 
McGuire, George C. Sherwood. 

John L. Lewis was Solicitor, and M. J. Wellborn Judge of 
the Circuit. 

It was announced on the 3d of October that the Enquin-r 
had been bought by E. T. Marks and Thomas Eagland. 

We find mention made, in their advertisements and other 
wise, of the following business men not heretofore noticed : 

Merchants—D. & J. Kyle, Kyle & Barnett, Muiford & Adams, 
B. Wells, J. Ennis, T. M. Hogan, George A. Norris, Wade & Mid- 
dlebrook, R. W. Jaques, Greenwood & Grimes, Hamilton, Peyton 
& Co., A. M. Cox, Hall, Ruse & Co., J. T. Eppinger & Co., Fos 
ter & Ward, Ayer & Starr, Thomas Bumstead, H. W. Nance, S. 
A. Billing, Ware & Pond, J. B. Strapper; J. D. Howell, G. C. 
Sherwood, J. & J. Brooks, Ives & Brother, G. W. Woodruff & 
Co., Wm. H. Kurd & Co. 

Hotel-Keepers—E. & R. L. Bass, the City Hotel; Wm. B. 
Phillips, of the Ogiethorpe House, afterwards Wm. P. McKeen. 

Teachers—Thos. B. Slade, J. M. Hampton, Mrs. Dozier, R. W. 
Munro (Wynnton,) J. N. Goodale (Wynnton.) 

Auctioneers—John Johnson and Calvin Stratton, Horatio 
Smith, Landrum & Co. 

MARRIAGES. 

131 

Lawyers—Foster. Howard and Pierce, W. W. Murray, Williams 
& Shivers, Bailey & Cooper, Thomas & Downing, McDougald & 
Watson, Iverson, Forsyth & Meigs. 

Brokers—Davis & Plume; Dentists—Charles T. Cushman, 
Chas. P. Hervey; Watches and Jewelry—G. B. Phole, L. A. Le- 
Gay; Blind and Sash Factory—Moses Garrett; Comb Making, 
&c.—D. L. Booher. 

Warehouse and Commission—Smith & Hayward, Hall, Ruse <fe 
Co., Yongo & Spencer, B. A. Sorsby, Jacob M. Johnson & G. W. 
Turrentine. 

MARRIAGES. 

Jan. 6—Reecy Gunn and Emily M. Bugg, Charles West and 
Clarrissa A. Luckie. Jan. 9, Thomas J. Barbaree and Mary A. 
Shaw, Samuel G. Prey and Martha J. Monkus, John Culpepper 
and Celia Pickern. Jan. 13, Richard Pool and Jcanette Oliver. 
Jan. 23, John W. Parsons and Mary Cordery, John P. Rockmore 
and Martha C. Needham, James A. Perdue and Nancy Christian. 
Jan. 25. Robert Boyd and Mary A. McMurray, William J. Bush 
and Eliza Ann Pate. 

Feb. 3—Andrew Boland and Luticia W. Barrington. Feb. 6, 
Joshua Canter and Eliza Williams. Feb. 8, Jesse Boland and 
Mary A. Cole. Feb. 1C, John Hunley and Mary Christy. Feb. 
17, John R. Young and Sophia Morton. Feb. 20, Martin Mimrns 
and Mary J. Padget. Fob. 23, Abner Wilkinson and Matilda 
Taylor. Feb. 24, Wrn. D. Yickery and Mary E. Walding, New 
ton M. King and Nancy C. Lisle. Feb. 25, Henry String-fellow 
and Zilphia Bush. Feb. 27, Garrett B. Clayton and Caroline 
Duke. Feb. 28, Francis N. Reese and Mary F. Hunt. 

March 1—John May and Mary Emmett, Jonathan Hunt, Jr., 
and Frances Hitt. March 3, Hillery H. Nash and Clarkey Scott. 
March 4, Philander Thompson and Sarah A. Lester. March 6, 
James Hyatt and Mary Clark. March 10, John P. Lunsford and 
Nancy S*cott. March 15, Philip G. Heigdon and Jane Gardner- 
March 17, John Hamell and Emily H. Bosworth. March 20, Dan'1 
Brewer and Mariah Owens. March 24, Jackson Fontaine and 
Martha Potts, James Johnson and Martha Smith. March 27, 
Jackson Williams and Nancy Clyatt. March 29, Daniel J. Smith 

 132 

MARRIAGES. 

MUNICIPAL ELECTION, 1848. 

133 

' III! 

and Mary Ann Pearson. March J31, James M. Champion and 
Elizabeth Willis. 

April 2—Jasper S. Smith and Ann Stanley. April 5, Benjamin 
W. Walker and Mary Watson. April Y, Humphrey Posey and 
Mary Windham, Pleasant Hutching and Emeline Cole. April 21, 
James M. Brooks and Eliza Gray. April 26, Samuel Lewis and 
Nicy Ann Brooks. 

May 15—Wm. Kitdi and Eliza Williams: May 24, Wm. B. 
Langdon and Frances B. Peters. May 29, William Taylor and 
Elizabeth Parnell: May 31, Absalom H. Chappcll and Loretta 
Rebecca Larnar. 

June 8—Robert B. Murdoch and Lydia Spencer. Jnne 9, Wil 
son Wright and Elizabeth Davis. June 23, Thos. G. Richardson 
and Lucinda Martin. June 30, Drury A. Ridgeway and Frances 
S. Reese. 

July Y—Peterson Sanders and Elizabeth Leonard. July 8, 
Thos. Morris and Mariah McDaniel. July 10, Wm. P. Coleman 
and Sarah C. Livingston. July 24, Johnathan McCiung and 
Lusina Askew. July 26, William Dubose and Elizabeth T. 
Alston. 

Aug. 3—John N. Underwood and Zelia A. S. Huckaby. Aug. 
24, Andrew Henry and Jane A. Jenkins. Aug. 25, Geo. Allston 
and Elizabeth Sanders. 

Sept. 6—John C. Tozier and Julia A. Sims. Sept. 8, Richard 
G. Parkman and Narcissa A. Moore. Sept. 13, Linson Pickard 
and Nancy C. Coleman. Sept. 15, Benjamin Cooper and Eliza 
Davidson. Sept. 18, Silas R. Shirey and Piety Drake, Alvin 
Pruett and Frances Ann E. Mealing. 

October 5—Archibald Calhoun and Sarah Jane McMurray. 
Oct. 6, Elisha Davis and Luticia McCloud. Oct. 11, Robert P. 
Colwell and Elizabeth Christian. Oct. 18, Richard H. Harris 
and Mary J. Hudson. Oct. 25, James Wall and Elizabeth Cowart- 
Oct. 27, Gilford Strickland and Rhoda Davis, George G. Hemy 
and Eliza P. Cary. Oct. 30, Rolin W. Smith and Caroline M. E. 
Russell. Oct. 31, Francis M. Brooks and Clementine Beau- 
champ. 

Nov. 14—Richard H. W. Hinton and Mary J. Elder. Nov. 16, 
Thomas Hawkins and Mary H. McCoy. Nov. 1Y, John H. Hood 

and Eliza E. Beauchamp. Nov. 20, Benjamin Adams and 
Jane Hutchins. Nov. 30, Shadrack Wall and Mahala Patrick. 
• Dec. 6—Solomon Glass and Jane Williams. Dec. Y, William 
Blount and Sarah Turrentine. Dec. 15, Henry P. Shofner and 
Margaret Rogers. Dec. 18, William Jones and Martha Ann 
Walls, Hamilton Good and Eliza Ann Hickey. Dec. 20, Samuel 
D.' Johnson and Kezziah Motley, Geo. S. Hawkins and Josephine 
0. Sullivan. Dec. 22, Anders Anderson and Petrar Larsen, 
Edward Baugh and Mary A. King, Wm. Morgan and Nancy 
Coffer. Dec. 26, John W. Kelly and Sarah C. Martin. Dec. 2Y, 
Edward Culpepper and Elizabeth Williams. 

DEATHS. 

Jan. 20—Robert E. Broadnax. 
Jan. 26—Mrs. Martha Wells, wife of S. G. Wells. 
Feb. 1—Mrs. Sarah Jane Persons, wife of Dr. J. T. Persons. 
April 2—George R. Hurlburt. 
June 2Y—John Thomas, son of J. B. Strupper. 
July 5—Robert Walter, son of Mrs. M. F. Beall. 
July 10—Peterson Thweatt, Sen. 

July 12—Mrs. Martha Howard, wife of Augustus Howard. 
Sept. 16—Elizabeth B., daughter of Hockley C. McKee. 
The total number of deaths in the city during the year 
was 63 whites, of whom 33 were adults and 30 children. 

1843. 

The Remaining Water Lots Sold—Another Startling Trag 
edy—A Sold Bank Robbery, &c. 

The municipal election on the first Saturday in January 
resulted as follows: Jacob I. Moses was elected Mayor, and 
the following gentlemen Aldermen : 1st Ward, J. J. McKen- 
Willis S. Holstead ; 2d Ward, Josiah A. Beall, B. F. 

 134 

STARTLING TRAGEDY. 

FIRST FIRE COMPANY. 

135 

Malone; 3d Ward, Wiley Williams, 1ST. L. Howard; 4th 
Ward, John Quin, Frederick Wilhelm; 5th Ward, Wm. E. 
Jones, Joseph L. Morton; 6th Ward, J. A. L. Lee, and a tie*. 

This Council commenced its work by a material reduction 
of the salaries of city officers. The following were the sala 
ries agreed upon: Marshal $500, Treasurer $500, Bridge- 
Keeper $350 and a house free of rent, Clerk of the Market 
$150, City Physician $200, Attorney no salary. 

At a special election held on the 14th of January, Edwin 
L. Burns was chosen an Alderman of the 6th Ward, to fill 
the vacancy. The city officers elected by Council were—City 
Clerk, Calvin Stratton; Marshal, Wm. H. Alston ; Treasurer, 
John Bethune; Bridge Keeper, W m. W. Martin; Clerk of 
the Market, V. S. Townsley; Sexton, Jeremiah Terry; City 
Physician, Dr. Wm. S. Chipley; City Attorney, Hines Holt; 
President of the Board of Health, Dr. Thomas Hoxey. 

Jeremiah Terry having resigned the office of City Sexton, 
Green D. Sauls was in January elected in his place. 

The plan of making private contracts with individuals for 
crossing the bridge was again adopted this year, the mini 
mum price required being $10 for the year. 

A tragedy which startled the city and surrounding country 
was the killing of Col. Burton Hepburn, on the 5th of Janu 
ary, by Gen. Daniel McDougald. It occurred in the Direc 
tors' room of the Insurance Bank, of which Gen. McDougald 
was President. Col. Hepburn had been connected with Gen. 
McDougald in business, and the difficulty between them was 
about their business affairs. It was understood that Hepburn 
had made threats against McDougald. On the morning of 
the killing Hepburn entered the office of Gen. McDougald in 
a threatening manner, or at least McDougald thought his visit 
was a hostile one, and it was then and there that he shot 
Hepburn. The killing, on investigation, was found to be an 
act of justifiable homicide. 

By an ordinance adopted on the 4th of February, all per 
sons in the city subject to patrol duty under the laws of the 

State were required to perform guard duty in Columbus, 
under organization and direction by a Eegulator of Patrol, 
whose compensation was to be one-half of the fines and for 
feitures collected. Dr. C. P. Hervey was elected Eegulator, 
and in March his salary was fixed at $500 per annum. 

The following were the Banks and Agencies located in the 
city this year, which appears from an order for the com 
mencement of suit against them for taxes that they refused 
to pay: Bank of Columbus, Planters and Mechanics' Bank, 
Chattahoochee Eailroad and Banking Company, Western 
Bank of Eome. In March the Bank of St. Marys was re 
moved to Columbus. 

The South Commons was this year divided as nearly as 
practicable into 20 acre lots, and leased for six years, at 
prices ranging from $ 1 75 to $2 25 per acre. The commit 
tee attending to this matter reported that they found many 
trespassers upon the Commons, "among them nearly an en 
tire brickyard," and Council ordered the immediate removal 
of these trespassers. A forty acre lot east of the race 
course was rented for the same term at $1 50 per acre. The 
renters were John T. Walker, 1ST. M. C. Eobinson and G. W. 
E. Bedell. 

Alderman Barns having resigned, A. J. Abbot was in 
February elected an Alderman of the 6th ward. 

The only fire company of the city this year was the "Co 
lumbus Hook and Ladder Company," of which the following 
were the officers and members: 

*Wm. S.5"Chipley, President; Henry T. Hall, Foreman ; *George 
Peabody, Assistant; B. T. Brice, Secretary; *James Kivlin, Treas 
urer. 

Members: Henry T. Hall, N. M. C. Robinson, F. A. Wright, B. 
H. Green, John Everett- »B. F. Coleman, *Wm. S. Chipley, A. O. 
Blackmar, *P A. Clayton, Jas. S. Norman, J. B. Turnbull, Wm. S. 
Morton, *Chas. T. Iiisley, *W. J. McAlister, David Wright, *Jas. A. 
Bradford, *J E Webster, * James Kivlin, John Condon,Benj. Dodge, 
Josmh Pranglin, Thos. S. Cart, *Wm. Snow, J. S. Arnold, *F. A. 
Cairnes, J. A. Norton, tJ. W. Morgan, J. H. Bishop, Jno. B. Wrapper, 
George Chalmers, John S.'Alien, Hiram Young, John C. Young, 

 136 

BANK BOBBEKY. 

BANK EOBBEEY. 

137 

Hugh McDonald, E. T. Brice, *A. J. Moses, tJ. B. Young, M. Sim- 
mons, *Q. II. Peabody, Thos. Flemming, A. Andersen, Jos. C. Niles, 
*I. G. Strupper, N". P. Poster. ,,, . 

On Friday, April 14th, the city was excited by the an 
nouncement that the Western Insurance and Trust Company 
had been robbed of from $50,000 to $100,000. The office 
was located in the two-story brick building next the Enquir 
er office, corner Oglethorpe and Eandolph streets. It was 
afterwards occupied as a post-office, and burned many years 
ago. The families above heard a noise early in the morning. 
They found the teller, Alien G. Bass, and cashier, E. B. Mur 
doch, locked in there. According to their statement, as they 
were putting up money after supper, three armed and mask 
ed men rushed forward, blew out the candle and threatened 
to blow out their brains if they muttered. After the vault 
had been robbed, they were locked in. The citizens were 
greatly incensed, and the military companies, police and citi 
zens, were so posted as to prevent all egress from the town. 
No clue being obtained, on Saturday the Mayor searched the 
town. Mr. Thomas McKeen had a room in the row of low 
wooden buildings on Eandolph street, between Oglethorpe 
and Jackson streets. In his room, under the earth in a 
japonica jar which was freshly watered, a sock was found 
containing $4,800 of the stolen bills. McKeen was arrested. 
In the afternoon he was taken by Messrs. A. K. Ayer and 
N. M. C. Eobinson, who had him in charge, in a carriage 
outside the city. A report became general that McKeen had 
been allowed to escape by the officers through an understand 
ing with the officers of the Trust Company, in order to get 
their money back. Pursuit was made and Ayer brought 
back. He marie a speech from the bank porch, and, in con 
clusion, desired to know what the people wanted. They 
wanted McKeen back. At 11 at night McKeen was brought 

*The members whose names arc marked by asterisks are all who are now known to be living. 
The others are all dead, except perhaps the two with a f mark, of whom no information can 
now be obtained. 

back, carried before Judge Sturgis, and, in default of $6,000 
bail, sent to jail Sunday morning. During this investigation, 
it was ascertained that Col. John L. Lewis, Solicitor General, 
had received from McKeen information where the bulk of 
money was. Judge Sturgis required him to give $1,000 bail 
as a receiver of stolen money. Lewis claimed that in his 
(Lewis') exertions to secure the money, McKeen, in order to 
procure his escape, had told him where the bag containing 
$54,000 was. All the money save $6,000 was recovered. 
Mr. Alien G. Bass, the teller pro tern., and Mr. Wm. 1ST. Jack 
son, were also arrested as implicated. The investigators 
named were Colonel J. H. Howard, E. B. Alexander, Hon. J. 
S. Calhoun, General James 1ST. Bethune, Judge "W. H. Mitch- 
ell, General S. A. Bailey, Dr. W. S. Chipley, Wm. F. Luckie, 
Win. S. Morton, J. E. Jones. 

Wm. N. Jackson afterwards made a confession which was 
published in pamphlet form, but not in the papers. Lewis' 
trial occupied a week. Seven panels of 48 each were ex 
hausted before a jury of 12 could be obtained. Judge Cone 
presided. John Watson, Alex. McDougald, M. J. Wellborn, 
Seaborn Jones and W. T. Colquitt defended, and Solicitor 
Gardner, James Johnson, Hines Holt, J. C. Allford and E. 
Toombs prosecuted. The trial resulted in an acquittal. 
During the trial one Dr. Smith committed suicide in the 
court-room by swallowing poison—prussic acid. He had 
been arrested that morning for stealing corn. About the 
same time Simples was drowned while trying to swim the 
river. Officers were trying to arrest him for selling liquor in 
Alabama without license. 

Lewis did not then resign his solicitorship. He and the 
Democrats charged on the Whigs it was a party fight and 
prosecution. 

The trial of the other parties was continued. 

Wm. E. Jones, an Alderman of the 5th ward, having re 
signed, James H. Wilson was elected on the 1st of April. 

 HV, Ul 

138 

SALE OF WATER LOTS. 

THE COTTON MARKET, ETC. 

139 

Aid. Wilson, of the 5th ward, resigned in May, and States 
Lewis was elected to fill the vacancy. 

At its meeting on the 13th of May, Council passed a reso 
lution accepting an offer of $5,000 made by Major John H. 
Howard for the remaining water lots belonging to the city. 
But on the 27t,h of May this vote was re-considered. This 
question was one of much perplexity and stirred up some 
personal feeling. The re-considered resolution having again 
been called up at the meeting on the 8th of July, and a de 
termination to push it to a decision at that meeting having 
been announced, Mayor Moses resigned his office on this ac 
count, and Council thereupon agreed to postpone further 
action on the subject until the election of a new Mayor. The 
election was held on the 22d of July, and Henry T. Hall was 
returned as elected by a majority of one vote over L. B. 
Moody; but Mr. Moody contested the election. Council 
ordered a special meeting for the purpose of considering this 
contest, and when it met for that purpose on the 25tl\of July, 
Mr. Hall, claiming to be Mayor, resigned. Council seems to 
have regarded his communication as irregular or disrespect 
ful. After some consideration as to the form of proceeding, 
it agreed to accept the resignation, but ordered that no part of 
Mr. Hall's communication should be entered on the journal. 
Another special election for Mayor and for an Alderman in 
the 4th ward in the place of Aid. Wilhelm, resigned, was 
ordered to be held on the 5th of August. On that day L. B. 
Moody was elected Mayor, and Josaph E. Webster Alder 
man. On the 12th of August Council settled the vexed ques 
tion by accepting the proposition of Major Howard, binding 
him to improve the lots by the erection of machinery to be 
propelled by water within four years, restraining him from 
erecting any ..bridge across the river, reserving the city's right 
to tape the property, and reserving to the citizens the right to 
fish at any place on the river banks included in the lots sold, 
with hook, seine or net; also reserving the city's right to use 
the gravel and sand in the river. 

Aid. Lee, of the 6th ward, having resigned, Jacob M. 
Guerry was elected an Alderman of that ward in June. 

The Committee of Ways and Means, in June, reported the 
city's indebtedness as follows : Amount of city bills then in 
circulation, $29,221 33; certificates given for city bills on 
deposit, $15,960; amount due the State, $20,000; amount 
due prior to 1st June, $2,000—total $67,181 33. The Com 
mittee reported that the city revenues were inadequate to 
pay this indebtedness within any short time, and recom 
mended the strictest economy and the rendering available of 
every source of revenue. They also offered an ordinance 
providing for bonding the city debts, in bonds bearing 8 per 
cent, interest and payable in eight years. This ordinance 
was adopted on the 19th of August. 

On the 26th of August the select committee appointed for 
the purpose reported that they had negotiated with John G. 
Winter a loan of $30,OJO, for which the bonds of the city, 
bearing 8 per cent, interest, and secured by a mortgage of the 
bridge, were to be given; the bonds to be redeemable in 
yearly installments of §8,000, commencing the 1st of Janu 
ary, 1848. This negotiation was ratified by Council. 

The President of the Board of Health reported the whole 
number of deaths in the city from January, 1843, to January, 
1844, 72. 

We find the names of the following steamers and boxes 
whose arrivals and departures during this year are announced: 
Elorence, Stapler Captain; Lowell, JSTiles; General Sumpter, 
Thompson ; Oconee, Greer ; box No. 2, Evelyn, Bilbro; Ori 
ole, Woodruff; Agnes, Jenkins; Columbus, Alien; Charles 
ton, Freeman; General Harrison, Van Vechten; boxes Nos. 
3.and 4, Kings; JSTos.5 and 6, John Godwin and Asa Bates; 
Tallahassee, Rynear; Augusta, Hall; Boston, Eoland; Louisa, 
Brown; Siren, Sharpies; Apalachicola, Sutton; Augusta, 
Cadwalader; Eobert Fulton. 

Cotton took a wide range this year. It opened in January 
at 2J to 4|c.; stood at about the same figures in June; the 

 140 

IKCIDEKTS. 

first bale brought 6f in August; the price rose to 7^ to 8| in 
October, and closed in December at 6 to 9c. With such a 
year now, dealings in "futures" would make more million 
aires and bankrupts than any other speculation in these times 
of commercial gambling. 

A bill to authorize the election of Mayor and Aldermen 
for Columbus by general ticket, had failed in the Senate by 
one vote, after passing the House, in December, 1843. So 
the election of Aldermen continued to be held by wards. 

INCIDENTS. 

The shock of an earthquake was felt in Columbus on 
Wednesday night, January 4th, about nine o'clock. The 
vibrations succeeding the first sensitive shock continued per 
haps half a minute. People were badly frightened. The 
same phenomenon was experienced at Augusta, Madison 
and Washington, Ga., and Columbia and Hamburg, S. C. 

Several fires, believed to have been started by incendiaries, 
occurred in January and February. The stables of Dr. Bill 
ing and T. A. Brannon were burned, and an attempt was 
made to burn W. C. Clapp's tin store. 

Washington's birthday was celebrated by the volunteer 
companies and various societies. In the Baptist church, Mr. 
John A. Jones read Washington's "Farewell Address," and 
Mr. James Kellogg delivered an address. 

The Enquirer of March 29th says that on Monday of last 
week Mr. Thomas Fleming was stabbed by Patrick McCarty. 
He died the next Wednesday. He was followed to the grave 
by the Hibernian Society and Hook and Ladder Company. 

July 4th was celebrated by the two military companies. 
Procession marched to the Methodist Church, where James 
T. Eppinger read the Declaration of Independence, and Jas. L. 
Pierce, Esq., delivered a speech. Captain Bailey then com 
manded the Columbus Guards, and Capt. Schley the Musco- 
gee Blues The Baptist Sunday School was addressed by 
Eev. T. B. Slade; the Presbyterian by Eev. Dr. Goulding ; 
and the Wynnton School was entertained at the residence of 

PERSONAL. 

141 

Col. Wm. L. Wynn (now the Holt place.) There were the 
usual barbecues, &c. 

The Western Insurance Company of Columbus wound up 
business in the spring of this year. 

First bale of cotton was sent in August 25th, by John 
Odom, of Eussell county, and sold at auction by Greenwood 
& Ellis to Wm. A. Eedd & Co. for 6|c. 

Mr. James Johnson, of Eussell county, was killed by light 
ning while crossing the bridge over the river, on September 
4th. The structure was somewhat damaged. 

PERSONAL. 

Hon. Joseph Sturgis was Judge of the Superior Court of 
the Circuit, and J. L. Lewis, Esq., Solicitor. In December 
the Legislature elected Milton Williams, of Columbus, Solic 
itor, vice Lewis. 

On July 19th is found the announcement of E. T. Marks 
that he has sold his interest in the Enquirer to Flournoy, 
Ragland & Ector. S. W. Flournoy, Esq., became chief 
editor. 

In October, A. Iverson was elected Senator, over J. S. 
Calhoun; and Messrs. John H. Howard, J. E. Jones, Willis 
P. Baker and E. B. Alexander, Eepresentatives. All of these 
gentlemen, except Mr. Alexander, were Democrats. 

Eev. Albert Williams was pastor of the Baptist Church in 
Columbus. 

W. D. Matthews was this year Presiding Elder of the Co 
lumbus District of the M. E. Conference, and J. B. Payne 
minister at Columbus. 

The annual meeting and banquet of the St. Andrew's So 
ciety was held on December 25th. M. Chisholm was elected 
President; Vice Presidents—W. S. Morton and John Be- 
thune; Secretary and Treasurer—Charles Wise ; Stewards— 
J. M. Bethune, Duncan McKenzie, and A. C. Morton. 

The Board of Health reported the whole number of deaths 
(whites) in the city during the year, 72—the largest number 

I 

 142 

MAEEIAGES. 

MABBIAGES. 

143 

of which (10) were from diarrhoea. Nine children died of 
scarlet fever, and 6 of cholera infantum. 

MAEEIAGES. 

January 1—Wm. H. Clem and Louisa R. A. Hanks. Jan. 2, 
John A. Debloise and Emily Jane Ruse. Jan. 3, Win. A. Living- 
Eton and Emeline Pickard, Alex Jemison and Lucy Ann Brown. 
Jan. 4, Jas. Lee Sauls and Sarah A. Nix, Alexander Thompson 
aud Elizabeth Reynolds. Jan. 5, John C. Ruse and Musidora A. 
Porter. Jan. 11, Absalom Adams and Loduska E. A. Adams. 
Jan. 12, Thomas Ginn and Dorcas Newberry. Jan. 12, Thadeus 
S. Sturges and Margaret A. McCluskey. Jan. 15 John J. B. 
Iloxey and Caroline C. Cotton. Jan. 18, Wm. McCauley and 
Martha A. Alien. Jan. 19, Elbridge G. Webb and Martha A. M. 
J. Pollard, Stephen Johnson and Caroline Tate. Jan 20, Wm. 
Johnson and Nancy Williams. Jan. 23, Nathan H. Beall and 
Martha F. Beall. Jan. 30, Samuel McGee and Elizabeth Floyd. 

February 8—Robert Brown and Mary Fleming, Robert H. 
Henry and Susan Houghton. Feb. 9, Micajah C. Wordlaw and 
Mary J. McBride. Feb. 15, Jesse M. Reid and Ruth E. Prosser. 
Feb. 19, Wm. McBride and Sarah Brady, Farre Posey and 
Selethea Ginn. Feb. 22, Reese H. Moss and Nancy Barlow. Feb. 
26, Thos. Harrill and Nancy Palmer. 

March 2—Amos Ivey and Emily Ray, Thos. R. Robinson and 
Mary A. Brigman, Mark J. Westmoreland and Jane Brittain. 
March 9, John H. Brittain and Jane Westmoreland. March 13, 
James A. Gammell and Missoura A. Williams. March 26, El- 
kanah Delaney and Elizabeth Glass. March 29, Franklin C. 
Johnson and Rebecca R. Foote. 

April 2—Wm. Terry and Sarah A. Whittington. April t, 
John Morgan and Elizabeth Hudson. April 9, Kinyon Adams 
and Elizabeth Buckner. April 10, Jesse Ostern and Frances 
Harrison. April 13, Elijah B. Morgan and Isabel Davis. April 
19, George Hargraves Jr., and Virginia Forsyth, Jeptha Warden 
and Frances H. Nickolson. April 20, Dread Bagley and Eliza 
beth Jones. April 25, John Gallops and Mary Cooksey. April 
2t, Wm. Moss and Harriet S. Ward. 

May 1—John M. Hampton and Ariadna Pruett. May 6, Hart- 
well Elder and Mary Dimon. May 14, Benj. W. Hastings and 

Julina M. Jones, Calvin T. Colson and Sarah Ann Evans. May 
23, Henry M. Tompkins and Henrietta M. Bethune. 

June 4—George Evans and Ara Paradice. June 6, Robt. M. 
Gamble and Martha R. Hasson. June 11, James Dunaway and 
Irena Swift. June 13, Ligrand S. Wright and Sarah L. Kim- 
brough. June 15, Lovick P. Zuver and Elizabeth J. Westwood. 
June 20, Lemuel T. Downing and Mary E. Thomas. June 24, 
James Bustran and Rosa Shoots. June 28, Randolph Wood and 
Ann Owens. 

July 13—John W. Nash and Frances Mahorn. July 19. Benj. 
F. Marshall and Caroline A. Howard. July 20, Thos. McGinty 
and Jane Davis, Franklin Lewis and Louisa A. Allums. July 30, 
Leonard Lock and Mary Laton. 

August 1—Robert S. Stockton and Eugenia Broadnax. Aug. 
6, Joshua L. O. Davis and Sarah Jane Adams. Aug. 13, Enoch 
H. Wilson and Hestor Ann R. Parker. Aug. 15, John B. 
Auchinleck and Emeline Auchinleck. Aug. 17, Howell Davil 
and Elizabeth Champion. Aug. 24, Henry T. Smith and Eliza 
beth Graham, Perry D. Raany and Ann Culifer, Chas. Cleghorn 
and Elizabeth Ross. 

September 5—Wm. Nix and Margaret McKinzey. Sept. 13, 
John West and Eliza Hndson. Sept. 14, John T. Langford and 
Jane Champion. Sept. It, John C. Edwards and Matilda A. 
Gilmore. .Sept. 26, John L. Cheatum and Ascenoth A. Pat- 
terson. 

October 5—Levi L. Peacock and Mary V. P. Short, John A. 
Jones and Mary L. Leonard, Robert F. Jemison and Martha C, 
Pitts. Oct. 8, Job B. Parker and Martha Ann Bears. Oct. 12, 
Jas. W. H. Ramsey and Margaret Lawson. Oct. I1?, Wm. S. 
Adams and Julia A. Minter. Oct. 26, Wm. Brewer and Louisa 
Williams, John Story and Mary Ann Jordan, Wm. E. Love and 
Caroline Louisa Calhoun. Oct. 29, Silas McMichael and Caro 
line Owens. 

November 11_James E. Browning and Mary Johnson. Nov. 
14, Wm. J. Watt and Sarah A. Garrett. Nov. 23, Henry H. 
Bradford and Martha Milford, James W. Norman and Elizabeth 
Majors, John C. Duck and Sarah Dunn. 

December 3_Asa McNeil and Emily Underwood, Albert Henry 

9 

I 

P 

 144 

DEATHS. 

and Milly Perry. Dec. 1-2, Thomas Dann and Augusta Dozier, 
Win. P. McKcen and Martha W. McCluskey. Dec. 15, Benjamin 
D. Watson and Frances Bartlette. Dec. 17, Robt. Johnson and 
Martha A. Jones, John Smith and America Ann Scroggins, 
Marian Bethune and Frances Jane Phelps, Thos. J. Powers and 
Jano Williams. Dec. 25, Alfred Johnson and Sarah Roberts. 
Dec. 26, Nathaniel D. Massey and Ruthy Smith, William F. 
Mullius and Margaret Ann Dent. Dec. 28, James H. Gilmore 
and Mary Jane Orr. 

DEATHS. 

Feb. 9—Philip, infant son of Lewis Livingston. 

Feb. 14—Wm. C. Bissell, a native of Norwich, Vermont. 

Feb. 25—In Wynnton, Bird B. Mitchell, in the 65th year of 
his age. 

March 23—Howard Chandler, infant son of Julius R. Clapp. 

March 31—In Girard, Lowis Townsend, aged about 40 years. 

April 14—At Mt. Meigs, Ala., Gen. James C. Watson—long a 
prominent citizen of Columbus. His age was 56 years. 

May 13—Mrs. Ann Jones, wife of Andrew P. Jones. 

May 24—Leopold, infant son of John B. Green. 

June 11—Margaret P., daughter of Dr. E. L. DeGraffenried. 

June 27—In Wynnton, Jacinta Marks, infant daughter of R. 
W. B. Munro. 

July 5—Thomas Scott, infant son of Dr. E. L. DeGraffenried. 

July 3—Ann Elvira, daughter of Wm. II. Mitchell. 

Jalv 23—Sarah Ann, infant daughter of William C. Perry. 

July 29—In Macon, Miss Rebecca Ann Lamar, daughter of 
Gen. Mirabeau B. Lamar—formerly of Columbus. 

Aug. 9—Raunald McNeil, aged 36. 

Sept, 10—Richard W., infant son of Robt, II. Green. 

Sept, 13—Francis Deblois, infant son of F. N. Ruse. 

Sept. 23—Near Columbus, Capt, Francis M. Marks, aged 40 
years. 

Sept. 18—In Cherokee county, John G., eldest son of T. B. 
Howard, of Columbus. 

Sept. 19—Hugh McDonald, aged about 35 years. 

Oct. 7—Mis. Mary Irving Williams, wife of Rev. Albert Wil 
liams. 

THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 

145 

Oct. 9—In Florence, Ga., Major Jesse L. Bull, formerly of 
Columbus. 0 
. Oct. 24—Mrs. M. L. Reed, wife of Murray Reed. 

Nov. 7—William J. Vincent, of Charleston S. C. 

Nov. 1—David Henry, infant son of Gen. S. A. Bailey. 

Nov. 23—In Boston, Thomas Burnstead, formerly of Colum 
bus, v 

NOTE—Seal-let fever prevailed in Columbus this year, and most 
of the children named above died of that disease. 

1844. 

A Fair Commercial Year— Valuation of City Property—The 

First Fire Engine—Political Excitement High, &c. 
This was a year of heavy cotton receipts, and apparently 
of a commercial business correspondingly large. The re 
ceipts of cotton were 74,721 bales up to the 17th of April, 
which is the latest statement we can find. This was about 
seven thousand bales more than had been received to the cor 
responding date in 1843. Prices were pretty good in the 
winter and spring, being 9 to 9-Jc. in January and February, 
5-J to 9 in March, and 4-J to 7c. in April. But they continued 
to decline, until in October the quotations were 3J to 5 cents, 
in November 4J to 4fc., and in,December 3 to 4:fc. The re 
ceipts from the 1st of September to the 25th of December 
this year were 40,024 bales. 

The municipal government for this year, elected on the 
first Saturday in January, was composed as follows: Mayor, 
L. B. Moody. Aldermen—First Ward—J. J. McKendree and 
W. S. Holstead; Second—J. A. Beall and B. F. Malone; 
Third—K L. Howard and E. N. R BardweU; Fourth- 
John Quin and John Everett; Fifth—J. L. Morton and States 
Lewis; Sixth—Jacob M. Guerry and John' A. Norton. 

 146 

THE FIKST FIKE ENGINE. 

This was the year of the memorable contest for the Presi 
dency, in which Clay and Polk were opposing nominees, and 
political feeling ran so high even in January, .that we find in 
the papers the politics of each man elected or: appointed to a 
city office. The Mayor elect is put down as a Whig, the Al 
dermen from the 1st, 2d and 3d Wards as Whigs, and those 
from the 4th, 5th and 6th as Democrats. 

The following city officers were elected by Council at its 
meeting on the 8th of January: Clerk, Calvin Strattorl; 
Treasurer, John Johnson; Marshal, E. C. Bandy; Deputy 
Marshal, J. M. Hughes; Bridge Keeper, W. W. Martin; At 
torney, Wiley Williams; Physician, John B. Hoxey; Clerk 
of Market, William W. Tilley; Keeper of Hospital, B. 
Ingram ; Sexton, Jerry Terry; Port Wardens—L. Livingstpn, 
J. E. Young, H. Young, F. Wilhelm and John Kyle. 

All Whigs, except Messrs. Williams, Bandy, Hughes and 
Wilhelm. 

Salaries for the year were fixed as follows: Clerk of Coun 
cil, $350 ; Marshal $500 ; Deputy Marshal, $500; Treasurer, 
$500; Bridge Keeper, $400; City Physician, $200 ; Clerk of 
Market, $150. 

Health officers elected by Council: Dr, Thos. Hoxey, Pres 
ident; Alex. McDougald, John Rounds, Dr. S. A. Billing, 
Dr. M. Woodruff, Jossph Kyle, James Barren, Thomas 
Sanders, James Kivlin, W. W. Torry, Charles Wise. Mr. 
Torry resigned in March, and Win. Alien was appointed. 

Fire Wardens—E. H. Green, E". M. C. Eobinson, II. T. 
Hall, F. A. Wright, J. S. Norman, B. F. Coleman. 

Contracts for crossing the bridge were made this year' 
again.. 

An ordinance was passed in January, requiring the owners 
of all houses on Broad street, from Franklin to Thomas 
street, to number them. 

The first fire company of Columbus was the one organized 
in 1843, as a Hook .and Ladder Company. Its roster is given 
in the preceding chapter. In 1844, in accordance with an act 

WATEB WORKS. 

147 

of the Legislature, it resolved itself into an engine fire com 
pany, receiving its engine by steamer on the 20th of January. 
The funds for its purchase had been furnished by the citizens. 
The company, numbering about 75 members, turned out to 
receive it and convey it to the engine house. They were in 
uniform and made a fine appearance. The organization of 
the Hook and Ladder company was retained. 

This engine is still in Columbus, and up to quite a recent 
period was in active service. It is now laid up because the 
company last using it have obtained a newer engine. 

At the first fire which occurred after the arrival of the 
engine, the company turned out promptly, but the scarcity 
of water prevented the efficient working of the engine. 

The following were the principal city taxes levied this 
year: On every $100 worth of town property, stock in trade, 
capital employed by brokers or exchange merchants, stock 
in bank, insurance or trust company, or money loaned, 25 
cents ; on each negro slave, 25c.; free persons of color $6; 
practitioners of law, physic, factors or brokers, $4 each; 
retail liquor license, $25. 

In February, Council appointed Messrs. Thomas Morris, 
Theobold Howard and B. F. Coleman, Appraisers, to assess the 
value of the real estate of the city. These gentlemen report 
ed the total valuation $1,266,055, which is the first report of 
the kind we have been able to find. 

States Lewis, Alderman of the 5th Ward, resigned in Feb 
ruary ; and B. F. Malone, Aldermen of the 2d Ward, in 
March. W. W. Torry was elected in the place of Mr. Lew 
is, and N. M. C. Eobinso'n in place of Mr. Malone. 

Messrs. Howard and Echols made application for an exten 
sion of the time within which they were required to com 
plete the dam across the river, and it was extended to the 
first of November of this year. 

On the 10th day of April a contract between the Mayor 
and Aldermen on the one part, and Col. John H. Watson on 
the other part, was signed, by which Col. Watson was an- 

I 

 148 

BUSINESS OF THE CITY. 

INCIDENTS. 

149 

thorized to bring water into the city by means of aqueducts— 
the privilege to continue for forty years, but not to the pre 
vention of similar works by the city authorities or other per 
sons. No money consideration is expressed in the agree 
ment, but it is plain that Col. Watson was to find reimburse 
ment in tolls for water supplied to the citizens. 

A committee of Council made a report, on the 15th of 
June, upon the petition of Mrs. Seaborn Jones, President of 
the Methodist Female Benevolent and Educational Society, 
asking a deed to certain lots in the northeastern portion of 
the city, for the purpose of erecting an asylum thereon. The 
committee reported that those lots had never been sold, and 
the title appeared to be still in the State, and recommend that 
Council approve the grant of the lots by the State and con 
firm it by the grant of any interest which the city might have 
in them. The report was accepted. 

On the same day Council deeded to Jonathan Bridges a lot 
next on the north side to water lot No. 1, and west of Bay 
street, in consideration of Bridges' completing the sewer 
crossing the lot and keeping it in perpetual repair. 

In December, Council made a contract with Patrick Adams 
for the completion of the sewer at the foot of St. Glair street, 
and the one between the bridge and the wharf, by their ex 
tension to the river and the construction of wells or reservoirs 
above their mouths—the work to be completed in one year, 
and the price to be paid $1,600. 

On the 25th of December, the Times, after alluding to the 
business activity and bustle then apparent on the streets, re 
capitulated the business and industrial establishments of the 
city as follows: 

"There are in the city 209 establishments where a regular business 
is earned on. They are as follows : 

"Dry good stores 26, grocery stores 57, provision stores 24, silver 
smiths 5, clothing stores 5, hat store 1, hardware stores 2, book and 
stationery stores 2, saddle and harness 3, tobacconist store 1, shoe 
stores 7, bar rooms 17, auction stores 2, drug stores 5, crockery store 
1, confectioner 1, tin ware 2, cabinet warehouses 4, bakeries 3, cotton 

warehouses 5, livery stables 4, hotels 4, book binderies 2, iron foundry 
1, printing offices 3, bank and bank agencies 4, blacksmiths 10, car 
riage warehouses 2, cotton gin maker 1, wheelrights 3.—Total 209. 

"There are besides, about 35 lawyers and 25 physicians, 5 churches, 
with regular pastors, to-wit: The Presbyterian, Baptist, Episcopal, 
Methodist, and Roman Catholic. 

"There is a large cotton factory on the river nearly completed, 
which we hope to see followed by many more, which will doubtless be 
the case, as the falls in the river at the city afford the finest water 
power in the world. 

"Columbus is beautifully situated on a broad and noble plain, 
around which the Chattahoochee sweeps, and is hemmed in by high 
hills, on both the Georgia and Alab*.m;i side. Level as the plain is, 
it is perfectly drained by the well-timed enterprise of former city au 
thorities. The health of the place is unrivaled, as the statistics of 
the county show, that nowhere, not only in this latitude, nor in any 
other latitude in the United States, has the mortality been less in 
proportion to population. 

"The annual income of the city, is' in round numbers, $20,000; its 
municipal expenses about $5,000 or $6,000. The debt of the Corpora 
tion is something the rise of $40,000, about three-fourths of which is 
held by John G. Winter, and the balance is due to the State of Geor 
gia. Nothing but judicious management is necessary to give a proper 
direction to the natural resources of Columbus, to develope its busi 
ness energies, and to double its wealth, trade and population, in a 
few years." 

INCIDENTS. 

There was a great deal of rain in January, and the river 
rose higher than at any time since the white settlement of 
Columbus, except on the occasion of the "Harrison Freshet" 
in 1841, and it was very near as high as then. The stages 
then running from Columbus east to Madison, and west to 
Franklin on the Montgomery and West Point Eailroad, were 
stopped for a week by high water. 

On Monday, March llth, Henry Clay, the Whig candidate 
for President of the United States, visited Columbus. He 
came in a stage-coach from Montgomery. When near here 
he was welcomed by Major W. B. Harris, and the Eussell 
County Clay Club escorted him to the city bridge. Major 
James Holland was Marshal. An immense multitude, with 
Col. A. K. Ayer, met him. Mr. Clay was put in a carriage 

I 

 150 

INCIDENTS. 

drawn by six cream horses, and arnid shouts of welcome was 
carried to the old Oglethorpe Hotel. He was escorted to a 
platform in front, where he was welcomed in a long speech 
by Col. Hines Holt, to which he eloquently replied. Thou 
sands present. In the afternoon Mr. Clay received his friends. 
A daughter of the late Dr. A. L. Acee, of Talbot County, then 
not thirteen years of age, presented him with a beautiful and 
highly finished lance. Mr. Clay remained in Columbus two 
days and then went on his way to "Washington. 

On Friday night, March 22d, the $4,000 residence of P. A. 
Clayton was burned, and his family barely escaped with their 
lives. The lottery office narrowly missed being destroyed 
that day. * 

The Methodist Conference was held in Columbus in Jan 
uary, Bishop Soule presiding. The ministers attending were 
most hospitably entertained by the citizens, and passed reso 
lutions of thanks for their generous reception. 

The Phoanix Bank, of Columbus, closed doors in March. 
The President, F. Martine, was arrested in New York and 
brought back to Columbus, and committed to answer the 
charge of fraud. The outstanding circulation of this bank 
did not exceed $35,000, and it was said that the citizens of 
Columbus did not lose more than $10,000 by it. It was an 
institution established here by foreigners and New Yorkers, 
and appears to have been run for their private purposes, 
though a few good citizens had some stock in it. Its chief 
stockholders were G. Kostar, F. Martine, A. Mayor, and Len- 
tilton & Co., all them of or recently from New York, and 
formerly from Europe. Nathan McGehee was also a large 
stockholder. It was charged that Kostar had drawn out the 
specie and fled to Europe. The bank was a resuscitated 
"wild cat" upon the ruins of the Farmers' Bank of Chatta- 
hoochee. Martine was in May released on habeas corpus. 

On the 26th of April, Columbus Lodge of the I. 0. O. F. 
celebrated the introduction of the Order in the United States. 
Alex. H. Cooper delivered the address. A. K. Ayer, J. S- 

PERSONAL. 

151 

Norman, M. Woodruff, T. K. Wynne, and L. B. Lemmon, 
constituted the committee of arrangements. 

On the 5th of June the fine residence of Mr. Wiley E. 
Jones, in the suburbs of Columbus, was burned by an incen 
diary, afterwards discovered to be a mulatto girl belonging 
to the family, who was arrested, confessed, and was whipped 
and imprisoned. She said she burned the .house because she 
was not permitted to see a young man as often as she wished. 

July 4th was celebrated by the Columbus Guards. At the 
Methodist church the Declaration of Independence' was read 
by L. T. Downing and an address delivered by A. J. E. Bow- 
dre. The Sunday schools celebrated it in the Baptist church 
where Eev. Mr. Curry delivered an address, and Eevs. Dr. 
Goulding and Mr. Slade assisted. 

The Methodist church in Columbus passed strong resolu 
tions condemning the action of the General Conference re 
garding Bishop Andrew, and favoring a division of the 
church. The cornmitteemen were Dr. A. H. Flewellen, J. M- 
Chambers, Seaborn Jones, Van Leonard and Geo. F. Foster. 
Dr. L. Pierce was present and favored the action. Daniel 
Curry, the pastor, and an opponent of slavery, left in conse 
quence. 

The election of Polk and Dallas was celebrated with an 
illumination of the houses of Democrats in Columbus and 
other demonstrations of delight. 

PEBSONAL. 

On January 1st T. A. Brannon was elected Sheriff; Buckner 
Beasly, Clerk of the Superior Court; Nelson McLester, Clerk 
of the Inferior Court; F. A. Jepson, Tax Collector; P. M. 
Thomas, Tax Eeceiver; John Bunnell, Coroner; Thos. J. 
Hand, Surveyor. 

Mrs. James N. Bethune, assisted by Mrs. Janette Bethune, 
had charge of the Muscogee Female Seminary this year; 
Rev. T. B. Slade continued his High School; H. H. McQueen 
had an English and Classical School; Dr. Andrews had a 
High School for boys; James H. Hampton continued his 

 152 

MARRIAGES. 

MARRIAGES. 

153 

Superintendence of the Columbus Female Seminary; W. B. 
Leary had a Classical and Mathematical School; J. H. Good- 
ale was principal of the Wynnton Male Academy, and E. W. 
B. Munro of the Wynnton Female Academy. Mr. O'Hara, 
aided by his daughters, was also engaged in teaching. It 
appears that Columbus and its vicinity were well provided 
with schools and accomplished teachers. 

Thos. Samford was P. E. and Daniel Curry stationed M. E. 
minister at Columbus this year. 

On the 10th of April, Mr James Van Ness retired from the 
joint proprietorship of th© Columbus Times, and John For- 
syth became associated with Wm. L. Jeter in its manage 
ment. 

A most lamentable occurrence, on the 22d of October, was 
the death of Mr. James C. Cook, Sr., one of the oldest citizens 
of Columbus, who was killed by a runaway horse. He was 
thrown from his buggy against a tree at his own door. 

On the 9th of November, as two little boys about ten years 
of age, were firing a toy cannon, one of them, a son of Hon. 
Joseph Sturgis, stooped before the gun and received the 
charge in his neck, killing him in a few minutes. 

MARRIAGES. 

January 2—John Hazelton and Adaline Ramsey. Jan. 4, Jas. 
W. Johnson and Elizabeth Hastings. Jan. 15, Thompson Cream 
er and Caroline R. Piggott. Jan. 18, Elisha C. Bowen and Elvira 
C. Bevill. Jan. 22, William Wadsworth and Mary Watlejf 

February 1—Jonathan Weaver and Emily Move. Feb. 2, 
David Snell and Cornelia L. Snellgrove. Feb. 5, Jacob Dorff 
and Nancy Hopkins. Feb. 8, Edmond Pass and Amelia A. Hill, 
James Thompson and Nancy Williams. Feb. 13, Lewis P. Mosely 
and Mary Ann McCouney. Feb. 15, Joseph Carswell and Pris- 
cilla G. Baker. Feb. 17, Oscar P. Jones and Eliza Mooney. Feb. 
21, Gottlieb Conzelman and Jorgine Gronbeck. Feb. 22, Geo. R. 
Dingle and Nancy Sealy. Feb. 25, Wm. G. Booth and Sarah E. 
Parker. 

March 1—David H. Funderburke and Martha Ann Pope. 
March 7, John Fussell and Sarah Powell. March 21, Richard 

Patten and Martha A. B. Hodges, Robt. G. Mitchell and Jane 
Ann Cook. March 24, Daniel D. Ridenhour and Mary A. Patillo. 
March 25, Owen Duffee and Sarah Lowther. March 26, Robert 
T. Simons and Sarah A. L. Patrick. March 28, Benjamin Alford 
and Frances Wilson. March 31, Rheddock Smith and Mary 
Wade. 

Ai»il 6—Arthur McGill and Catharine Sanders. April 30, 
Andrew J. Risher and Minerva McMichael. 

May 6^Allen A. Goldsmith and Mary Jeter. May 22, Jas. 
W. Hewitt and Caroline Rowell. May 23, Wm. H. Pickard and 
Rosetta Culpepper, Geo. W. Robinson and Caroline A, Sanders- 
May 26, Simeon Dean and Ann Willingham, Daniel W. Brown 
and Sabina A. Bailey. 

June 6—Thos. J. Abbott and Eliza Pernoy. June 12, Thos. 
M. Baldwin and Sophia Dobbs. June 20, Geo. H. Betz and 
Mary Jane Miller. June 25, Williamson Rodgers and Elizabeth 
J. Colson. 

July 17—Hyman Allbritton and Louisa Farmer. July 20, 
JOB. C. Payne and Amanda J. Reed. July 27, Hansford C. Pat- 
terson and Sarah E. Bell. 

August 2—John Collins and Matilda Scoggins. August 10, 
Edward M. Dozier and Bchethala Brunson. August 11, Eli 
Gray and Eliza Gray. August 13, D. C. Miller and Mildred R. 
Alston. August 18, Osborn Eley and Jane Russell. August 20, 
Stephen D. Pepper and Sarah Falkenbury. August 26, William 
Howell and Angeline Hearn. August 29, Edward E. Sizemore 
and Jane E. E. Worsham. 

September 4—Jesse Wood and Margaret Ivey, Daniel Collins 
and Bethire R. Stuart. Sept. 5, Peter J. Gillstrap and Sarah Q. 
A. Parker, Christopher Culpepper and Mary Boland. Sept. 8, 
John Calvin and Elizabeth Whatley. Sept. 11, Joseph Brown 
and Elizabeth Kelley. Sept. 19, Henry Morris and Adaline Pike. 
Sept. 22, Wm. A. Lowe and Ann Thurman. 

October 2—James Chordry and Martha Phillips. Oct. 7, Pink- 
ney Hazzelton and Clarrissa Doles. Oct. 10, Joseph Morris and 
Almenia R. Craigg, Alexander H. Cooper and Ann E. Billups. 
Oct. 13, Jas. A. Booth and Mary Ann Pope, Major J. Harris and 
Martha Hearn. Oct. 24, Wm. S. Green and Virginia E. Rogers. 
°ct. 29, Jas. M. Cobb and Elizabeth McNorton. 

 154 

DEATHS. 

CITY ELECTIONS, 1875. 

155 

November 3—Jonas B. Russell and Susan Morris/ Oct. 5, 
James J. Brown and Elizabeth Mott. Oct. 6, Jacob Johnson 
and Mary C. Higdon. Oct. 7, Jas. C. Cook and Mary Louisa 
Redd, Washington Purnell and Phebe Mahon, Randal Jones and 
Frances Cannon. Oct. 14, Augustus Howard and Ann J. Liiidsay. 
Oct. I1?, David B. Edwards and Elizabeth Johnson. Oct.- 2s, Jos. 
W. Woolfolk and Lucinda M. Winter, John Etheridge and Nancy 
Castlebc;rry. 

December 5—Jas. D. Williford and Almira V. Brooks. Doc. 
12, Thos. Jordan and Emily Wiggins, Gc;orge W. Tomberlin and 
Jane Rogers. Dee. 18, Samuel Cowles and Nancy S. Rockmorc. 
Df;c. 19, Jas W. Gibson and Mary Gray, Josiah Morris and Sarah 
E. Harvey. Dec. 22, John Odoni and Mary Ealy. Dec. 2T, 
Thos. Lowry and Mary L. Stallings. Dec. 31, Geo. W. Christian 
and Mary Smith. 

DEATHS. 

Jan. 12—Mrs. Elizabeth Johnson, wife of Jacob M. Johnson. 

Feb. 10—Pearce A. Phillips, "the last of his father's house", 
in the 19th yc;ar of his age. 

March 9—Capt. Wm. R. Bell, a native of Beaufort, N. C. 

May 18—Mrs. Mary F. Cleveland, widow of Hon. Jc;sse F. 
Cleveland. 

July T—Milton Williams, Esq;, Solicitor of the Chattahoochee 
Circuit. 

August 8—Mrs. Mary Ann Terry, wife of G. B. Terry. 

August 22—Adaline Blackmar, infant daughter of James D. and 
Eliza A. Johnson. 

August 24—Edward W. Williams, formerly of Savannah. 

August 28—Camillus T. Moise, aged 2T years. 

August 31—James Hugh, son of G. B. Terry. 

Nov. 9—J osc;ph A., son of Hon. J. S. Sturgis. 

The Board of Health reported the total number of deaths 
during the year 1844, 75, of whom 21 were men, 16 looys, 14 
women, 11 girls, 13 children, and 6 unknown. The diseases 
most fatal were fevers, of which 11 died, of consumption 10, 
and of bowel complaints 10. All these deaths were those of 
white persons. 

1845. 

./ 

Mamifacturing Enterprise Increasing—Contemplated Railroad 
Connections — Trouble About the Bridge—The Cemetery 
Enlarged, &c. 

The municipal election on the first Saturday in January, 
for Mayor and Aldermen, resulted as follows: 

Mayor, John G. Winter; Aldermen, First Ward—W. S. 
Holsteacl, J. J. McKendree; Second Ward—Dr. M. Woodruff 
and B. F. Malone; Third Ward—E. N. E. Bradwell, H. C. 
Anderson; Fourth Ward—A. K. Aver, Jas. Everett; Fifth 
Ward—Wm. B. Eobinson, J. L. Morton; Sixth Ward—A. 
G. Marshall and Jas. Green. Dr. Hoxey ran against Winter. 
The election was by wards. 

Council met onJtlonday, the 6th of January, and chose the 
following city officers, with the salaries annexed : William 
.Brooks, Marshal, salary $500; Neil G. Smith, Deputy Mar 
shal, salary $500; George W. Turrentine, Treasurer, $500; 
Calvin Stratton, Clerk of Council, $350; W. W. Martin, 
Bridge Keeper, $400; J. B. Hoxey, City Physician, $2uO; 
W. W. Tilly, Clerk of the Market, $150; Wiley Williams, 
City Attorney; B. Ingram, Keeper of the Hospital; Jeremiah 
Terry, Sexton ; Dr. Thos. Hoxey, President of the Board of 
Health. 

The following gentlemen were elected Health officers, two 
for each ward: Wm. Y. Barden, Eobert H. Green; John 
Kyle, Dr. S. A. Billing; Dr. E. L. DeGraffenried, N. L. How 
ard; N. M. C. Eobinson, P. A. Clayton; W. W. Torry, Wil 
liam Alley; Joseph Wiggins, John A. Norton. Afterwards 
J- M. Wesson was elected in the place of Wm. Y. Barden, 
' ^signed. 

,„ 

 156 

EEPOET OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE. 

NEW ENGINE HOUSE, ETC. 

157 

Five Port "Wardens were elected, as follows: T. M. Ho- 
gan, Wm. Barrow, F. G. Davis, John E. Young, and George 
W. Martin. 

The following gentlemen were elected Fire Wardens: J. 0. 
Ease, John Condon, James S. Norman, George A. Peabody, 
Lewis Livingston, B. F. Coleman. 

The tax ordinance of this year imposed about the same 
general rates of taxation as that of 1844. 

The contract system for crossing the bridge by the year 
was again adopted—no contract for less than $10. 

In January, Council appointed Messrs. E. W. B. Spivey, 
John T. Walker, and Wm. H. Alston, Appraisers, to assess 
the value of the real estate of the city. They reported, on 
the 4th of February, the whole valuation $1,192,295, being 
somewhat less than the previous year's assessment. 

The Committee on Police appointed the following City 
Guard for the year, to be paid each $15 per month: T. A. 
Bosworth, Silas McMichael, T. W. Dickson. 

The Committee on Finance reported in January that the 
city would have to pay during the year $*,600 to John G. 
Winter, $9,000 to the State, and $333 to Patrick Adams, 
besides about $1,000 of accounts for last year and the cur 
rent expenses of the city for the present year. By arrange 
ment, Messrs. Mustian and Mott had agreed, in consideration 
of the passage of the bridge by their line of stages, to hold 
over until the end of the year, without interest, $3,200 of the 
city's certificates of deposit held by them. 

The above report was referred to the Committee on Ways 
and Means, and this Committee reported the entire indebted 
ness of the city about $63,750, of which amount $4,791 was 
then due, and $10,171 23 would fall due during the year- 
making in all $14,961 90 for the year to be provided for, be 
sides $7,500 estimated current expenses. They estimated 
the income at $17,637 90—leaving $4,824 to be provided for, 
besides a small amount of city bonds, certificates, &c., that 
might have to be redeemed. 

Besides a considerable amount of the city's bills still in 
circulation, a large quantity of "shinplasters" issued by other 
corporations and by individuals were afloat. We copy from 
the Enquirer the following quotations for March of this irre 
deemable currency: 

Bank of Columbus bills 70 per cent, discount; Phosnix 
Bank, of Columbus, no sale; Irwinton Bridge, 25 per cent, 
discount; Insurance Bank, of Columbus, no circulation; 
Chattahoochee Eailroad and Banking Company, broke; City 
Council of Columbus, 10 per cent, discount; Scott & Car- 
hart's shinplasters, at par; E. & E. Graves' shinplasters, 10 
per cent, discount; Sight Checks on New York and Boston, 
\ per cent, premium. 

Columbus had the following fire-proof warehouses: H. S. 
Smith & Co.'s, capacity 14,OCO bales ; J. C. & F. K Euse's, 
15,000; Yonge,-Garrard & Hooper's, 15,000. E. S. Green 
wood & Co. were building a fire-proof warehouse with slate 
roof—capacity, 10,000 bales. Each warehouse opened west 
on a street that extended to the river. 

A committee of Council reported in favor of the enlarge 
ment of the cemetery by the addition of 602 feet in length 
and 320 feet in width, and the enclosure of the whole under 
one new fence; also a sale of burying lots to defray the ex 
pense of this improvement. Whereupon Council appointed 
another committee to have a survey of the grounds made, 
and to carry out the plan and recommendations of the first 
committee, if it could be done without expense to the city. 

In March, Alderman Everett, of the 4th Ward, resigned, 
'and P. A. Clayton was elected in his stead. 

Permission was given to the "Columbus Engine Company" 
to erect a fire engine house on the west side of Front street, 
at its junction with St. Clair street—where the engine house 
now stands. On the 19th of April Council appropriated 
•1200 towards building the house. 

We learn from a memorial presented to Council by Messrs. 
John H. Howard and Josephus Echols, that their companys' 

I 

 158 

TELEGEAPHIC CONNECTION WITH NEW YOEK. 

PEEAMBLE AND EESOLDTIONS. 

159 

cotton factory liad in operation this year about 1,100 spindles 
and 20 looms. They also reported that their upper canal, 
when completed, would supply water enough to propel 
200,000 spindles. They asked a release from their obligation 
to construct the lower canal within a specified time, and for 
absolute deeds to the water lots, which would enable them 
to effect sales of a portion of them and thus extend the man 
ufacturing business of the city. Council adopted a resolution 
agreeing to the requests contained in the memorial. 

This action of Council appears to have met with opposition 
from the citizens. At a called meeting of Council on the 
21st April, the clerk was directed to publish a hand bill call 
ing a meeting of citizens to consider the memorial of Messrs. 
Howard and Echols, on the following Friday evening; and at 
its regular meeting on the 26th of April, Council passed a 
resolution declaring that its former action was not intended 
to release Messrs. Howard and Echols from or modify any of 
the conditions respecting the dam and upper race, or any of 
the reservations of the city in the original contract, in regard 
to the fisheries, the right to take gravel, and the keeping of 
the dam and upper race in good repair forever. 

In this connection the Enquirer states: "Col. Farrish Car 
ter, of Scottsboro', and Dr. Baird, of Alabama, have pur 
chased large interests in factories here. They now have 
1,200 spindles at work; very soon they will have 8,500. 
They will proceed to erect additional buildings, and in twelve 
months will have from 10,000 to 15,000 spindles in operation. 

By resolution, adopted on the 9th of June, the Marshal 
was instructed to have a ditch cut so as to turn the branch 
running through Randolph and Forsyth streets into the ditch 
back of the city. 

Under the head of " What Next," the Times of April 16th, 
refers to the project of Telegraphic connection with New 
York, via New Orleans and Mobile, as follows, the Telegraph 
having only been brought into practical use the year before 
(May 27,) by a line between Baltimore and Washington: 

"A new and grand project is 011 foot, which, if» successful, will 
produce the astounding result of getting one's news in Columbus 
from New York, by the way of Mobile and New Orleans. Is not the 
world going ahead too fast ? Space is annihilated as to the transition 
of mind, and almost to matter, by the Telegraph and Steam." 

The Times this year urgently advocated an effort on the part 
of the city to have the Montgomery and West Point Eailroad 
brought to Columbus. It was then only completed to 
Auburn, 35 miles from Columbus. 

On the 18th of August a committee of mechanics, appoint 
ed by Council, reported the bridge to be in a condition need 
ing repairs—the floor sunk in some places, some of the sup 
porting timbers out of perpendicular line, and parts of the 
structure swayed down stream. Council passed a resolution 
calling upon Mr. Godwin, the builder, to observe his con 
tract, which required him to keep the bridge in good repair 
for the space of five years. 

At its meeting on the 15th September, Council adopted the 
following preamble and resolutions: 

"Whereas, on the first of January, the City Council in assessing the 
taxes for the year 1845, ;ind regulating tolls across the bridge for said 
year, relieved several articles from any liability to pay the tolls 
that should come across the bridge from Alabama for the mutual 
benefit of Columbus and Girard; and whereas, it is known to this 
Council that the authorities of Russell county, Ala., have imposed a 
tax or toll upon all wagons, carriages, men and horses and foot 
Passengers, thereby militating materially against the interests of this 
city, and not extending to Columbus that leniency that the authori 
ties of the city have to Alabama, which the principles of justice 
would dictate, 

"Ee it Besolved, That for the purpose of removing that obstruction 
(the toll across said bridge in Girard, Ala.) which materially involves 
the interest of Columbus as well as Girard and the county of Russell, 
a committee of three be appointed by the Chair, whose duty it shall 
be to confer with the authorities of Russell in relation to the proprie 
ty of enforcing and collecting such toll, and in the event that said 
committee should not be able, after a consultation had, to effect or 
dispense with said toll, the bridge-keeper be instructed forthwith to 
make all persons residing in Russell county alone to pay all tolls 
across the bridge at Columbus that they have been released from 
heretofore, also to collect toll from foot passengers who reside in 
• Russell county, but none others," 

10 

I 

I 

I 

1 

 160 

RAILROADS. 

THE SMALL-POX. 

161 

The committee appointed were Aldermen Marshall, Mc- 
Kendree and Eobinson. 

On the 8th of October, Council passed a resolution instruct 
ing the bridge-keeper to collect tolls from all foot passengers 
across the bridge except from citizens of Muscogee county; 
also a resolution appointing a committee of three to make in 
quiries in regard to the lawfulness of constructing a bridge 
across the creek in Girard, and to confer with Col. Banks 
about building it on his land. 

It appears in the proceedings of Council that the bridge 
over the creek in Girard was released from toll before the 
close of the year, and that Benj. H. Baker, of Kussell county, 
Ala., was largely instrumental in effecting this adjustment. 

On the 25th of October Council substantially reconsidered 
the above action. 

A resolution was adopted in October, fixing the price of 
lots in the new burying ground at $5, that being the highest 
price bid. 

Council adopted resolutions in October, appointing a com 
mittee of citizens to attend a convention in Maeou of the 
stockholders of the Central Eailroad, to see what could be 
done towards procuring an extension of that road from Ma- 
con to Columbus, or connecting with it at Barnesville. 

The committee went to Macon, and had a conference with 
the Central Eailroad officers. Columbus wanted connection 
with Macon via Barnesville (the Macon and Western Eail 
road, then called the Monroe Eailroad, was being extended 
to Atlanta.) The Central road, however, wanted a direct 
line to Columbus. L. 0. Eeynolds, surveyor of the Central, 
reported the distance between Barnesville and Columbus 
seventy-two miles, and between Macon and Columbus little 
less than one hundred. The cost of both would be about the 
same—$1,000,000. The result was that President E. E. Cuy- 
ler and th(f Board, advocated the lower line, and looked to a 
connection with the Montgomery road at Auburn, to which 
point it had been extended. The Board recommended to the 

stockholders of the Central Eailroad: To ask an amendment 
of the charter to extend the road to Columbus; to authorize 
a new subscription of $1,000,000 (one-fourth to be paid on 
subscribing) for that purpose. If that be not adopted, to in 
corporate a new company to build a road from the Central 
Eailroad to Columbus by the lower route. If application be 
made by others for a charter from Barnesville to Columbus, 
no opposition or unfriendly feeling to be exhibited against it. 
If both charters be granted, an understanding may be had by 
which one of the two projects may be carried on and the 
, other abandoned. Subsequently the Legislature incorporated 
the Muscogee Eailroad Company; also, to change the name 
of the Munroe "Railroad to Macon and Western, with power to 
extend a branch to Columbus. 

There was some excitement on the subject of small-pox in 
October and November. A Dr. McGoulrich, of Macon, had 
sent to Columb as, in the stage, a small-pox patient, stating that 
he knew his disease was only chicken-pox, but there was evi 
dence to show that he had admitted that he knew it to be a 
case of small-pox, and had sent off the patient to get rid of 
him. Council transmitted the evidence in the case to the au 
thorities of Macon. 

A building had been selected in the Sixth Ward for the 
temporary reception of persons who had been exposed to 
small-pox, and this building was torn down by residents of 
the ward. Council instructed the Marshal to commence pros 
ecution against the parties who destroyed the -building. 

It does not appear that the disease obtained much foothold, 
but it occasioned much alarm, and led to the adoption of 
vigorous measures to prevent its spread. A circus company 
in the city was prohibited from performing because one of its 
members "had the disease; measures were taken, in co-opera 
tion with the county authorities, to quarantine or remove all 
cases to the hospital, and provision was made for general 
Vaccination. 

I 

 162 

DESTRUCTIVE FIRE. 

The county census takers reported in December that they 
had taken the census of the city of Columbus separately, and 
made the following return: 

773d District—Free white persons, 1,963; slaves, 1,230; 
free persons of color, 25. Total, 3,218. 

668th District—Free white persons, 1,096; slaves, 521; 
free persons of color, 31. Total, 1,648. 

Aggregate population, 4,886; aggregate number of fami 
lies, 597. 

The total population of Muscogee county was 16,343. 

We find mention of the following hotels in Columbus this 
year: Oglethorpe House, on the corner of Oglethorpe and 
Eandolph streets, Commodore Hurd, landlord; Mansion 
House, on Broad street, above Bryan, Captain Barrow, land 
lord ; City Hotel, corner of Broad and St. Clair streets, the 
Messrs. Bass, landlords; Kentucky House, on Oglethorpe 
street, above the Oglethorpe House, Win. Perry, landlord; 
Central Hotel, corner of Broad and Eandolph streets, G. W. 
Dillard, landlord. 

The Enquirer of December reported, "the manufacturing 
excitement is largely on the increase. Messrs. Howard, 
Bridges, Carter, Baird and Jeter are pushing their improve 
ments ahead. Messrs. Van Leonard and others, are also 
erecting a factory a mile or two above our city. Messrs. 
Clapp, Chandler and Stewart are successfully and most profit 
ably employed in manufacturing several descriptions of cot 
ton goods. We have heard of other companies formed or to 
be formed." 

On Friday, 19th of December, about midnight, a fire broke 
out in Mitchell & Baugh's store on Broad street, one door 
below Banks' corner and opposite Lyceum Hall, and in a few 
hours the entire square, bounded by Broad, Eandolph, Ogle 
thorpe and Bryan streets (except that small portion above 
Mr. Well's refectory on Oglethorpe) was converted into a heap 
of ruins. Loss $150,000. The Oglethorpe and other houses 
were on fire, but were put out. Water was scarce. The Co- 

RAILROADS. 

163 

lumbus Guards guarded the property. The origin of the fire 
was unknown. The Columbus Times office was burned, but 
enough material saved to go dn. __ The Enquirer building, op 
posite the square, was threatened and office moved. What 
Avas known as the " granite block," valued at $18,000, on 
Oglethorpe street, belonging to D. McDougald, was burned. 
Most of the houses on the block were of brick. Banks and 
Winter lost heavily. The block was then one of the busiest 
in the city. Dr. E. A. Ware's residence was saved. 

Mr. Josiah Pranglin, an active and valuable member of the 
Fire Company, had a wall to fall on him and break both his 
thighs and otherwise injure him. He got well. 

Among the boats running this winter were the Columbus, 
Notion, Lotus, Boston, Apalachicola, Augusta, Peytona and 
Emily. 

The Tinies of the 8th January publishes a letter from Pres 
ident Polk regretting he cannot take Columbus in his route 
to Washington City, and receive the hospitalities of the De 
mocracy tendered him through a committee of the party, 
consisting of Messrs. Jacob M. Guerry, Walter T. Colquitt, 
and Seaborn Jones. 

Columbus seems this year to have had much trouble with 
the money currency then used, and the Times has a strong 
editorial on the "Uselessness and viciousness" of the "Shin- 
plaster System," and asks the question, "When are we to be 
delivered from a shinplaster currency?" Some of the mer 
chants were refusing to take the "shinplasters." 

Montgomery was now pushing her railroad towards West 
Point. The following report of altitudes, &c., made by M. 
A. A. Dexter, chief engineer, may be of interest now: "You 
will perceive that Montgomery and Columbus are on the same 
level. West Point is 4i-0 feet above either point. The 
Montgomery Eailroad has 1,000 feet absolute elevation each 
way to the summit. A road to Columbus would have but 
some 600, and possibly less. This saving of 400 feet or more 
in elevation would effect an enormous aggregate in favor of 
the Columbus branch in a year's pjnning." 

 164 

INCIDENTS. 

PERSONAL. 

165 

Cotton took a wide range in prices this year. It opened in 
January at 2 to 4|c., principal sales at 3 to 3 Jc. The first bale 
of the new crop was broiight in on the 5th of August, by 
Thos. Gilbert, of Stewart coiinty, and sold to Mr. LeGrand 
Wright at 8Jc. The market for the new commercial year 
opened in September at 6J to 7c-., and drooped to 5| to 6Jc 
in November. The closing qtiotations, December 16th, were 
5J to 6Jc. The receipts of the year ending August 31st 
were about 85,000 bales, an estimated faffing off of about 30,- 
000 from the preceding year's receipts. 

INCIDENTS. 

A new Presbyterian Church—the biiilding now used for 
the Male Piiblic School—was dedicated on the 25th of Jan 
uary. Eev. Dr. Goulding officiated. 

John C. Tozier, of Cohimbus, on March 18th, was killed by 
falling out of the stage from Macon. Both wheels passed 
over him. . - • 

A Board of Trade was organized in Columbus on the 3d of 
Jiily, with 'Henry King, chairman, and C. E. Mims, secretary. 

Eev. Thomas Jepson, of the M. E. Church, was thrown 
from his horse on August 12th, nine miles north of 
Columbus, and died ftmr hmirs after. His age was 40 years- 

The mail and travel connections of Columbus, as late as 
this year, were all made by stages and boats. Messrs. Miis- 
tian & Mott ran a line of stages connecting the Central with 
the Montgomery and West Point Railroad. The point of 

connection on the last named road was Chehaw at this time. 

t 

The Northern mail for Columbus came by stage from La- 
Grange. 

The steamer Siren, Captain Sharpless, plying between Chat- 
tahoochee and Apalachicola Bay, burst one of her boilers, 
Feb. 26th, as the boat was rounding out from Toney's Land 
ing, and killed six whites and four blacks, among the former 
a son of Mrs. Tilley, of Columbiis. The killed, with the ex 
ception of one of the blacks, were a part of the crew. 

The steamboat Lowell, Captain Moore, was snagged and 

sunk on March 4th, a few miles below Fort Gains, on the 
Chattahoochee. river, at a place called "the Cowpen." The 
principal part of her cargo and machinery was saved. The 
boat was' represented as not worth raising if it were prac 
ticable. 

The steamer Viola, Captain Van Vechten, was snagged and 
simk in the Flint river, a few miles below Albany, aboiit the 
same time. She was represented as a total wreck and about 
one-half of her cargo—1,030 bales of cotton—a total loss. Cap 
tain V. owned half of the "Siren," which had blown up a few 
1 weeks before. 

The steamer Charleston, Captain Freeman, collapsed one of 
her boilers, while crossing.tlchee Shoals, sixteen miles below 
Columbiis, on the 3d of May. Fortiinately only one person^ 
a negro man, was injured, and he only slightly scalded. 

On Saturday, Jiine 21st, the Columbus Guards started on a 
visit to LaGrange. -The brass band numbered sixteen pieces, 
taught by Sergt. Berneriter, leader of the United States band 
at Fort Moultrie. They returned via the White Siilplmr 
Springs, where they were given a ball. The company mim- 
bered sixty men. Officers—P. T. Schley, Captain; Jno. E. 
Davis, 1st Lieiitenant; E. E. Goulding, 2d Lieutenant • John 
Forsyth, 3d Lieutenant. They paraded in Columbus Jiily 
4th. Hon. M. J. Wellborn, an honorary member, delivered 
an oration, and D. Chandler Holt, a member, read the Decla 
ration of Independence. 

PERSONAL. 

The following county officers were elected on the 6th of 
January: Justices of the Inferior Court, Kenneth McKenzie, 
John M. Bethune, N. L. Howard, G. W. Boss, and Josephus 
Echols; Tax ColleQtor, Jacob W. Frost; Tax Eeceiver, J. C. 

W. Eogers. 

Of the Columbus Methodist Episcopal District, Eev. T. 
Samford was appointed presiding elder, and Eev. J. E. Evans 
to be pastor at Columbus 

Sam'1 W. Floiirnoy retired from the editorial chair of .the 
•Enquirer, and was succeeded by Col. J. S. Calhoun. 

 166 

PERSONAL. 

PERSONAL. 

167 

Mr. Wm. L. Jeter, who had been connected with the 
Times sold his interest in that paper to Mr. Marcus Johnston, 
formerly editor of the Macon Democrat. It is announced in 
the issue of April 23d. 

•The Enquirer of May 21st is in mourning for the death of 
Dr. W. B. Ector, late proprietor and editor of the paper. 

The Superior Court, Judge Sturgis presiding, met in Co 
lumbus. Grand Jurors were: W. P. Yonge, foreman; W. 
E. Jones, Geo. W. Jones, S. F. Grimes, Wm. Amos, John 
Hunter, G. Harris, J. J. McKendree, P. Hazzleton, E> Barnard, 
H. Crew, P. D. Eedding, W. J. Eylander, W. A. Bedell, W.' 
H. Kimbrough, J. B. Hill, John Smith, W. A. Douglas, W. 
B. Eoquemore, E. C. Bandy, D. McDougald, W. P. Malone, 
E. H. Greene. Lawyers present were Hon. Seaborn Jones, 
H. L. Benning, Hines Holt, E. B. Alexander, James Johnson, 
Wiley Williams, Judge. Cone, A. Cooper, Thacl. Sturgis, N. 
L. Howard, Alex. McDougald, Gen. Bethune, John Schley, 
Gen. Bailey, J. M. Guerry, A. J. E. Boudre, E. Goulding, C. 
J. Williams, A. Iverson, Porter Ingram, T. F. Foster, John 
Forsyth, W. C. Holt, J. Echols, A. S. Foster, J. L. Stephens, 
C. S. Eockwell. 

John Forsyth was appointed Postmaster of Columbus vice 
G. W. E. Bedell, and took the office in July. 

The following were graduates of the Slade Female Institute. 
They read compositions on Thursday, July 10th, in the Bap 
tist Church : Miss Lucy A. Pitts, subject—Benevolence; Miss 
Catharine L. Turrentine—Turn Over a New Leaf; Miss So 
phia H. Shorter—Wisdom and Knowledge; Miss Cornelia 
M. Phelps—Contemplation; Miss Amanda C. Jernigan—Diffi 
culty of Originating a Thing ; Miss Mary E. Eose—He La 
bors in Vain Who Strives to Please All; Miss Lucy A. Bar- 
nett—When I Leave School; Miss Mary E. Key—death of 
her mother prevented her attendance. Col. Weeden was 
musical instructor. L. T. Downing, Esq., delivered the 
address. 

Capt, §, A, Bailey, having resigned the Captaincy of the 

Columbus Guards, Captain P. T. Schley, was elected in his 
stead early in February. 

In October, James S. Calhoun was elected Senator, and 
John L. Mustian and N. L. Howard, Representatives of Mus- 
cogee county—all Whigs. 

Alien Lawhon, Intendant of the town of Columbus in 1832 
and 1833, was a native of North Carolina. He removed from 
that State first to one of the eastern counties of Georgia, and 
thence to Columbu^.in 1830. He was a lawyer by profes 
sion, and was a man of energy and public spirit, making 
many friends by his intelligent interest in all matters of local 
improvement. He removed from Columbus to Cherokee 
Georgia in 1840, and there engaged in prospecting and min 
ing for gold. He died about the year 1858. 

John Fontaine, first Mayor of the city of Columbus, was 
one of its earliest settlers. He was one of its best and most 
extensive business men—a man of large mercantile and plant 
ing interests, also prominently connected with its manufac 
turing- enterprises. He was noted for conscientiousness and 
uprightness in all his dealings. During the late civil war he 
was distinguished for his charities and his efforts to keep 
down the rise of prices that so seriously injured the cause of 
the Confederacy. He died on the 4th of November, 1866, in 
the 76th year of his age. 

Gen. Daniel McDougald was a native of North Carolina. 
He removed to Washington county, Ga., when only eighteen 
years of age, and thence to Western Georgia. Before settling 
in Columbus he represented Harris county in the Senate of 
Georgia. He was for many years a Major General of the 
militia of Georgia. Removing to Columbus, his fine abili 
ties and popular manners made him at once a favorite of the 
people. He was, as is shown in preceding pages, several 
times elected to represent Muscogee county in the Legislature, 
of which body he was one of the shrewdest and most influen 
tial members. He was a man of generous and impulsive dis- 
on, of enlarged charity and patriotic public spirit. Few 

 168 

MABBIAGES. 

DEATHS. 

169 

men had warmer or more devoted friends, though he had also 
some enemies, chiefly because of his activity and zeal as a 
politician. He was an excellent judge of human character, 
and seldom made mistakes in his estimates of men. Pie died 
on the 8th of September, 1849, in the 51st year of his age. 

MAEEIAGES. 

January 2—Kcuben N". Powell and Mary Ann Hull. Jan. 3, Wil 
liam Morris and Lydia Fuller. Jan. 0, Geo. Washington and Mary 
A. McCain, Richard Holmes and Elizabeth Cochran. Jan. 16, Jere 
miah A. Thompson and Catharine E. Thompso^. Jan. 19, Henry R. 
Clem and Martha A. H. McMnrrain. Jan. 24, Geo. W. Ilallman 
and Eliza E. Green. Jan. 26, John Ellis and Harriet Miller. Jan. 
28, James M. Waddell and Rachel A. Jemison. Jan. 30, Alfred Sweet 
and Susan McMichael. 

February 5—John Li. Billups and Clara Boykin. Feb. 6, James 
Patillo and Susan Holmes. Feb. 10, Henry C. Bradley and Mary 
Jane Turner. Feb. 13, William M. Lyle and Mary A. E. F. Rogers. 
Feb. 16, Archibald C. Tritt and Frances II. Faulkeiibury. Feb. 22, 
Gideon Sard and Elizabeth Sharp. 

March 6—Robert II. Rogers and Elizabeth Ann Thomas. March 
IS, James Witt and Mary Ami McDauiel. March 16, Bradford Peddy 
and Mary Pace. 

April 15—Henry Jones and Elizabeth Bagley. April 16, Wm. II. 
Mann and Eliza Perry. April 17, Wm. R. Albritton and Zilphia 
Ann King, Lunsford R. Dean and Mary Austin. 

May 13—Absalom Eiland and Elizabeth Pace. May 15, S;\,muel B. 
Harvel and Martha Ann S. Nix. May 17, Franklin Tniater and 
Louisa Magner. May 28. John M. McMurren and Mary Ann Motley. 
June 29, Forbes Bradley and Theresa A. M. Clark. 

June 1—Elijah Simpson and Martha Hearn. June 10, William 
Alien and Mary Cooper. June 12, Rufus Sharp and Malissa Cannon. 
June 15, Martin Mooney and Rachel Cauley. June 19, Sandford 
Wamack and- Frances M. Hanks. June 30, Stephen G. Wells and 
Ann Ferryman. 

July 23—Marcus De LaFayette Sanders and Frances Ann_ Spigers. 
July 24, Frederick Shaefer and Massino Groinbeck. July 29, Wm. 
Walling and Isabella Rogers. July SO, George W. Martin, Jr., and 
Savannah Jane Forsyth, Reuben Bailey and Eliza Blann. 

August 2—Hillery II. Nash and Rhoda Wilson. August 7, John 
Thornton and Lucinda Ellis. August 14, Randolph B. Moore and 
Martha L. Forsyth, John W. Barrow and Lucy Ami Jones. Aiigust 
19, Ab. Dean and Sarah M. Glerm. 

September 2—James L. Parks and Sophia Parks. Sept. 11, James 

Meeler and Catharine M. Williams. Sept. 14, Joseph M. K. Hearn 
and Elizabeth Ann Stanford. Sept. 18, Jno. N. Bamett and Lucy 
A. Pitts, Robert Greer and JLucinda M. Booth. Sept.23, Jesse Moore 
and Martha Alford. Sept. 28, Elijah G. Ralford and Elizabeth D. 
Munroe. Sept. 29, James Simmons and Frances J. Taylor. 

October 2—James M. Parkman and Bethany C. Bryan. (Jet. 3, 
Calvin Bland and Luciuda Morgan. Oct. 5, Jos. Robinson and Mar 
tha Brown. Oct. 11, James L. Weaver and Elizabeth Jane Mann. 
Oct. 14, James Morgan and Susan Cartledge. Oct. 16, Leonard K. 
Rowe and Mary Aim Champion. Oct. 23, James M. Smith and Sarah 
Cannon. (Jet. 25, Willis M. Reeves and Elizabeth A. Bussey. 

November 2—Sidney A. Smith and Rebecca Flinn. Nov. 6, Hiram 
L. Cautran and Susan Berrien Moss. Nov. 20, Felix Hity and Jane 
Sauls, Geo T. Alien and Eliza C. Fergerson. Nov. 21, David Boswell 
and Milly A. Bustiu. Nov. 23, Morgan McGowen and Emily Dar- 
den. Nov. 27, Jeremiah Peddy, Jr., and Mary Ann Frasier, Wm. 
W. Gleiin and Nancy Boyd. 

December 2—Edward II. Ranse and Amanda Williams, Benjamin 
Aycock and Eliza Ann Witt. Dec. 4, L. T. Prince and Mary P. 
NcGill. Dec. 7, John A. Macon and Elizabeth J. Morris. Dec. 14, 
Reuben Millsaps and Mary McGoveru, John McGovern and Mary 
Ann Dell!;. Dec. 17, Jacob W. Frost and Martha Ann Logau. Dec. 
25, John G. Smith and Charlotte Evans, Edmund Roland and Alcy 
Williams. Dec. 28, Charles B. Frederick and Sarah Aim Terry, Asa 
T. Berry and Martha Ann Morgan. Dec. 31, James P. Durr and 
Martha Mizell, Williamsou Rogers and Murial Caroline Adams. 

DEATHS. 

February 27—Mary Frances, infant daughter of F. N. Ruse. 
March 2—Mrs. Martha Angelina, wife of Dr. A. M. Walker. 
April 5—Miss Amelia, daughter of Dr. James B. Slade, of New 
Orleans. She died in Columbus. 
April 5—In Girard, Pleasant G. Clay. 

April 17—Mrs, Ann Elizabeth, wife of Alex. H. Cooper, Esq. 
May 16—Dr. Wiley B. Ector. 

May 22—Mrs. Mary A. Thomas, wife of Grigsby E. Thomas Esq. ' 
June 8—Miss Antoinette Rosseau. 

June 27—In Girard, James Alien, infant son of Wm. B. Martin. 
July 27—Near Columbus, Dr. E. N. C. Leonard. 
July 21—Samuel Albert, infant son of Dr. S. A. Billing. 
•Sept. 9—Mary Harriet, infant daughter of Col. Hines Holt. 
Sept. 18—Mrs. S. II., wife of Dr. II. C. Fhclps, of Columbus. 
Sept. 28—Mary Claudia, infant daughter of J. E. and C. E. Webster. 
Nov. 4—John Thomas, infant SOD of II. F. Williams. 

I 

 INDEX. 

clxxi 

INDEX. 

1827. 

A Trading Town, 5 ; Commissioners; appointed to lay it out, G ; Thp appear 
ance of the proposed site, 6; Location of houses prior to sale of lots, 6; 
Springs arid scenery along the river banks, 7; Appearance of the river, 7; 
Indians fihhing, 7; Indian territory, 8; An old writer's description of the 
locality, 8 ; Natural advantages, 8; Extent of the wagon and river trade, 8 ; 
The future prospects of Columbus, 9. 

1828. 

Interest abroad in reference to Columbus, 'J • Complaint against tardy action 
of Commissioners, 10; Population early in the year, 10; Indians, 10; The 
Enquirer established, 10; Advantages of the place for new corners, 11; 
River improvement (hid State Engineer's report, 11; First sale of lots, 12; 
Improvements, 12; Population at the close of year, 13; First person buri-"d 
in Cemetery, 13; Fourth July celebration, 13; First manufacturing estab 
lishment, 13; First steamboat,. 14 ; Hotels, l.>; Presidential vote, 15; The 
first bale cotton sold, 13; Court and county officers and grand jurors, 15 ; 
County senator and representative, 15 ; M. B. Lamar, 1C; Walter T. Col- 
quit, 16; Ma1 li; ges and deaths, IB; Business and professional men, 16,17; 
Quotations of merchandise, 17. 

1829. 

Town incorporated and election of town officials, 17; Election of cornty offi 
cers, 17; Town fisheries, 18; First ordinance of the municipal government, 
18; Northern and southern mail, 18; Remaining town lots sold, 18; Cer 
tain named streets to be cleared, 18 ; Improvements of. Columbus, 18, 19 ; 
Apprehension of Indian troubles, 19; Road laid out from Decalur to Co 
lumbus, 19; First bank organized, 19; Steamboat arrivals during ysar, 19; 
Mr. E. Avery drowned, 19; Great rise of the Chattahoochee, 20; W. A. 
Spalding drowned, 20; Temperance society organized, 20 ; County senator 
and representative elected, 20 ; First load of new cotton, 20; Juri -idiction 
of Superior Court, 20; Town tax, 21; Military companies, 21; Fourth July 
celebration, 21; Marriages and deaths,. 21; Names of business and profes 
sional men, 21, 

1830. 

ontiuued improvement, 22 ; Population, 22 ; Early difficulties of steamboat 
navigation, 22, 23 ; Removal of Indians agitated, 23 ; The first fire, 23 ; De 
bating society, 23 ; Municipal election, 23 ; New paper, 23 ; Controversy 
with U. S. army officer, 23 ; Discovery of gold, 23 ; Fourth July and Ma 
sonic celebrations, 24 ; County senator and representative, 24 ; First steam 
boat arrival of the winter, 24 ; County officers and grand jurors, 25 ; Julius 
C. Alford, 25 ; Ulysses Lewis, 2o ; Marriages, deaths, merchants and profes 
sional men, 2(i ; Quotations' of .cotton and merchandise, 2fi. 

v 1831. 

Increasing business, 2C ; Municipal election, 27 ; Farmers' Bank of Chatta 
hoochee organized, 27 ; Fire company formed, 27; A large dwelling burned, 
27 ; Indians suffering from small-pox and want of food, 28 ; Presbyterian 
church dedicated, 28 ; Local causes of sickness, 28 ; Mail routes, 28, 29 ; 
Names of steamboats, &c., 29; Museogee Bible Society, 29; Fourth July 
celebration, 29 ; Columbus Volunteers organized, 29 : Cotton, 30 ; County 
senator and representative, 30 ; Personals, 30 ; Quotations, 30 ; Merchants, 
&c., 30, 31 ; Marriages and deaths, 31. 

1882. 

First bridge across Chattahoochee, 32 ; Municipal officers, 32 ; Duel between 
' Gen. S. Woolfolk and M.vj. J. T. Camp, 3'2, 33 ; 100th anniversary of 
Washington's birth-day, 33 ; Congress donates laud for bridge abutment in 
Alabama, 33 ; Purchase of Marshallville (Girmvl), 34 ; Export trade, 34 ; 
Financial condition of banks, 3.-> ; General prosperity, 35 ; Legislative enact 
ment for Mayor's Court, 35 ; Gin factory started, 3j ; Indian treaty and 
proposed removal of Indians, 33, 3G ; Bank of Columbus, 36 ; Fourth July 
celebration, 3fi ; Female Academy and other schools, 36; Cholera alarm, 
3C ; Presidential election, 3(3 ; Cotton, 36, 37 ; Personals, 37 ; Spring and 
' fall grand jurors, 37 ; County officers, 37 ; Marriages and deaths, 38 ; Busi 
ness and professional men, 38. 

Steady business year, 39 ; High political excitement, 39 ; Municipal officers, 
39 ; Inferior Court judges, 39 ; Dread of cholera, 39, 40 ; Maj. Camp killed 
by Col. Milton, 40, 41 ; Indian territory, 41 ; Russell county formed, 41 ; 
Market house burned, 41 ; Steamboat Georgia sunk, 42 ; Cotton and other 
quotations, 42; Sam'1 R. Andrews, 42; Dr. S. M. Ingersoll, 42 ; Seaborn 
Jones, 42, 43 ; John Godwin *43 ; Sol Smith, 44 ; Personal notices, 44, 45 ; 
Marriages and deaths, 45. 

1834. 

Town of Girard (Marshall's Reserve) laid out, 45, 46; The bridge question, 
4C, 47 • Number of steamboats, 47 ; Bank of Chattahoochee suspends, .47 ; 
Episcopal association formed, 47; Business lively, 48; Steamer Columbus, 

I 

 clxxii 

INDEX. 

jr., sunk, 48; Ice company, 48; En>j>.tiiw, 48; B. A.G. Lucas killed by an 
Indian, 49; Death of Rev. John Baker, 49; Fourth July, 49; Merchant 
Mills, 49 ; Steamboat Van Buren sunk, 49 ; Mayor's court repealed, 49 ; 
State Bights Auxiliary Association, 50; Marriages and deaths, 50, 51; 
Business men, 51. 

1835. 

Municipal election, 51; Indian troubles increasing—many opposed to moving, 
Rev. Mr. Da vis shot, and a child butchered by Indians, 52; Meeting of 
citizens and proceedings of their action, 52, 53, 61; Columbus Guards 
mustered TJ. S. service, and roll of company, 54, 55; Steamboats Eloisa 
and Versailles burned, 55; Bou'Jurn Planter, 55; Severe winter, 55; 
Proposals to build Episcopal Church, 55; Pigeon Roost Mining Co., 55 
5C ; The great racer, John Bascomb, 5C ; Cotton, 5G; Personal notices, 56 ; 
Marriages, 5G ; Merchants, 57. 

1836. 

Removal of portion of Indians, 57; Indian hostilities commenced, battle of 
Hitehity, names of lulled, 58; Excitement in Columbus, 58, 59; Military 
companies formed, 59 ; Indians sullen and in arms, 59; Major Flonrnoy 
killed, 59 ; People flocking to Columbus, 60 ; Confusion and dismay, CO ; 
Steamer Hyperion attacked, and pilot killed, 60 ; How news was received, 
CO; Town guarded, 61; Stages attacked, Cl; Sam'1 G. Hardaway, his 
perils and escape, Cl, C2; Number of troops at Columbus, 62 ; Oglethorpe 
House used as barracks, 62; Distressing scenes, 62, 63; Situation at the 
time, 63, 64; Gen. Scott, 64; Names of Georgia companies arrived, 6">; 
Attack on steamer Metamora, 65, 6G, 67; Gov. Schley's course, 67; Jim 
Henry, C7, 68 ; Object of the Indians, 68 ; Accounts from the Indians, C9, 
70; Hotly contested engagement—names of killed and wounded, 70, 71; 
Generals Scott and Jessup's plan, 71, 72; Large numbers of Indians cap 
tured or surrendered, 72; Jim Henry, 72, 73; Fight at Quarles' plantation, 
73, 74; Escape of Indians, 74, 75; Official account, 75, 7(5; Columbus made 
a city—first mayor and city officials, 76 ; A city watch, 7G; Small-pox, 77 ; 
Leasing the commons, 77; Fisheries, 77, 78; Cotton, 7W, 79; Farmers 
bank, 78; Steamer Ohioan burned, 78; Indians hung, 78, 79 ; Girard lots 
sold, 79; county senator and representatives, 79; Judge Shorter, 79; 
Methodist Conference, 79; List of licenses, 79, 80. 

1837. 

A year of panic—Columbus affected, 80 ; Speculators and prospectors, 81; 
City government, 81; Improvement of the Chattahoochee, 81; Episcopal 
Church, 81; Hotels crowded, 82 ; City censas, 82; Ward system adopted, 
82 ; Survey of city, 82 ; Report of surveyor, 82, 83, 84; Sewer contracts, 
84; Western commons and water privileges, 84; City taxes, 84; Warren 
street, 85; Chattahoochee Railroad and Banking Co., 85 ; City's subscrip 
tion and action thereon, 85, 86; Incidents, 86, 87 ; County officers elected, 
87; Jim Henry, 87; Business and professional men, 87, 88; Marriages 
and deaths, 88. 

INDEX. 

1838. 

clxxiii 

City election, 89 ; Banks requested to suspend—action on same, 89 ; Planters 
and Mechanics B.aik, 89; Fi.rmers' B ink of Chattahoochee, 90; Large 
subscription loan to Chattahoochee Railroad and Banking Co.—the Bank's 
condition. 00; The city issues change bills, 90; New Court House com 
menced, 90, 91; Mayor's salary, 91; Donation to Charleston fire sufferers, 
91; Burials, !)1; River improvements at Woolfolk's, 91; New Market 
House, 91; Girard contesting for trade, 91; Fffort to have factories, 91, 
92; Census, 92; Court House burned, 95; Incidents, 95, 96, 97; Cotton, 
97; City's financial condition, 97; County officials, &c., 97; Merchants, 
97 ; Marriages and deaths, 98, 99. 

1839. 

Rt-.markable year in the history of Columbus, 99; City government, 99, 100: 
County officers, 100 ; Bridge "contract system, 100; Sewers and commons, 
100, 101; Council assumed patrol service, 101 ; Woolfolk's Bar and Uchee 
Shoals, 101; Fire protection, 102 ; Military companies, 102 ; Lyceum or 
ganized, 102; Incidents, 102; Chattahoochee Bank, 102; Cotton, 103; 
County senator and representatives, 103; M::rriag s and deaths, 103, 104, 
105. 

1840. 

Increasing business, 106; Political excitement and Presidential vote, 106; 
County senator and representatives, 106; Municipal election, 106; Repeal 
, of enrollment ordimiiicc, 107 ; Health officers, 107 ; Bridge contracts, 107 ; 
Ci'.y issues .$20,0110, 108 ; Difficulty about bridge with Russell county, 108 ; 
Cotton, 108; Cotton caterpillar, 108,109; New Court House accepted, 10'J ,- 
Incidents, 109, 110 ; P:iper in i iirard, lt>9 ; Steamer LuRoy blown up, 110; 
Financial condition of Columbus banks, 110 ; Quotations, 110, 111; County 
officers and grand jurors, 111, 112; Mechanics, 111, 112; Marriages and 
deaths, 113, 114, 115. 

1841. 

Failure of the Chattahoochee Railroad and Banking Co., 115; Bonds (not 
negotiated) and mortgage returned to city, 117; Municipal election, 116 ; 
A political tie in Council. 11C; Board of Health, 117; Ilarrison freshet, 
117; Bridge washed away, 117, 118 ; Temporary ferriage, 118; Contract 
for re-building the bridge, 118 ; Lease and sale of water lots, 118 ; Water 
lots contract consummated, 119; Powder magazine, 119; Controversy with 
Dr. Ingersoll in regard to a river dam, 120; Resumption of specie pay 
ments, 120; Cotton, 120; Muscogee Insurance Co., 120, 121; Hibernian 
Benevolent Society, 121; County officers, 121; County senator and repre 
sentatives, 121; Eii'jinrer, 121; Business and professional names, 121; 
Marriages and deaths, 122, 123. 

I 

 chodv 

INDEX. 

1842. 

Tie for Mayor, 124; City officers elected, 124; City guard—Board of Health, 
124; Taxes levied, 125; Improving public square, 125 ; Destructive fire 
and list of sufferers, 125, 126; Unsuccessful effort to procure fire engines, 
126, 127; Mayor authorized to negotiate a loan, 127; Remaining water 
lots offered for Bale, 128 ; Peeling in favor of Texas, 12S ; Muscogee Blues 
and Columbus Guards, 128 ; Board of Trade, 129; Debt of Museogee coun 
ty, 12!); Cotton, 129 ; County election, 129, 130; Grand jurors, spring and 
full terms, 12!l, 130 ; Merchants and other names, 130, .131; Marriages and 
deaths, 131, 132, 133; Number of deaths, 133. 

1843. 

Municipal election, 133, 134; City officers' salaries reduced, 134; Killing of 
Col. Hepburn by Gen. MeDougald, 134 ; Guard duty, 134, 135 ; Banks and 
agencies, 135; Lease of south commons, 135; Hook and Ladder company 
—roll of members, 135, 13C ; Bobbery of the Western Insurance and Trust 
Co., 136, 137; Sale of remaining water lots, 138; City's indebtedness, 139 ; 
Loan of §30,000, 139 ; Deaths, 13!); Names of steamers and boxes, 139 ; 
Cotton, 139, 140, 141; Incidents, 140; Enquirer, 141; County senator and 
representatives, 141; St. Andrew's Society, 141; Marriages and deaths, 
142, 143, 144,145. 

1844. 

Heavy cotton receipts, 145; Municipal government and salaries, 145, 146; 
Health officers and fire wardens, 146 ; First fire engine company, 140, 147 ; 
City taxes, 147; Valuation of real estate, 147 ; Effort to supply city with 
water, 147, 148; Petition for lots for an asylum, 148 ; Sewers, 148 ; Num- . 
ber of business and industrial establishments, 148, 149 ; Near a Harrisou 
freshet, 14!); Henry Clay's visit, 149, 150; Phosnix Bank of Columbus, 
150; Columbus Lodge I. O. O. F., 150, 151; Fourth July celebration, 151; 
The Methodist Church and Bishop Andrews, 151; County election, 151 ; 
Schools, 1G1, 152; Timft, 152; Lamentable occurrences, 152; Marriages 
and deaths, 152, 153, 154. 

1845. 

Municipal election and salaries, 155; Health officers, 155; Port and fire war 
dens, 15G; Appraisement of real estate, 156; Financial condition of city, 156; 
Quotations of currency, 157; Fire-proof warehouses, 157; Enlargement of 
cemetery, 157; Appropriation for fire engine house, 157; Extent of cotton 
manufacturing, 158; Meeting of citizens in reference to water lot contract 
with Messrs. Howard and Eehols, 158; Bridge troubles with Girard, 159, 
160; Railroad projects eastward, 160, 161; Small-pox excitement, 161; 
Museogee census, 162; City census, 162; Hotels, 162; Manufacturing feel 
ing, 162; Destructive fire, 162, 163; Steamboats, currency, M. & W. P. K. 
K., 163; Cotton, 164; Incidents, 164,165; County officers, 165; Enquirer, 
165; Times, grand jurors, graduates of Slade's Institute, 166; County sena- 
atorand representatives, 167; Alien Lawhon, 167; John Fontaine, 167; 
Gen. D. MeDougald, 167; Marriages and deaths, 168, 169. 

Columbus, Geo., 

FROM ITS 

Selection as a "Trading Town" 

IN 

1837, 

TO ITS 

Partial Destruction by Wilson's Raid, 

IN 

1865. 

HISTORY—INCIDENT—PERSONALITY. 

PART 11—1846 TO 1865. 

COMPILED BY JOHN H. MARTIN, 

COLUMBUS, GA. 

PUBLISHED BY THOS. GILBERT, PKINTBK AND BOOK-BINDEK. 

1875. 

 INDEX. 

1846. 

The Lower Bridge, page 5; Orphan Asylum, 6 ; Organization of City light 
Guards, 6 ; Columbus Military Companies which served in Mexico, 6; 
City election, 7 ; "The Great Fire," 9, 10, 11; Incidents, 12; Personal, 
13, 14, 15; Marriages, 15; Deaths, 15. 

1847. 

City Election, 17, 18; Destructive Fires, 18, 19; Location of Muscogee 
Railroad Depot, 20; City Subscription and the Muscogee Eailroad, 21, 22; 
Howard Manufacturing Co., 22; Incidents, 22, 23; Personal, 23, 24; 
Marriages and Deaths, 24, 25, 26. 

1848. 

Election and Salaries, 26, 27; Organization of Fire Co. No. 2, 27; City sub 
scription to Muscogee Railroad, 27, 28; City census, &c., 28, 29; Livery 
Stables burnt, 29 ; Cotton and grocery quotations, 30; Incidents, personal, 
marriages and deaths, 30, 31, 32, 33. 

1849. 

City's Prospects, 34; Election, 34, 35; Finances, 35; Fires, 35,36; Columbus 
Factory, 3G; Winter's Flouring (Palace) Mills, Temperance Hall, 36 ; Re 
ceipts of Cotton, 37; Incidents, personal, &c., 37, 38, 39, 40, 41. 

1850. 

City election and salaries, 41, 42; Municipal taxes, 43; Mobile and Girard 
Eailroad, 43; Incidents, personal, &c., 43, 44, 45, 46, 47. 

1851. 

Municipal election and city's finances, 48; Population, 49 ; Water Works and 
estimates, 49 ; Subscription to Mobile and Girard Bailroad, 49, 50; Plank 
Roads, 50; Incidents, personal, &c., 50 to 54. 

1852. 

City election, 55 • Value of real estate, 56; Opelika Branch Eailroad, 56, 67; 
An Artesian Well, 57; Gas Company, 57, 58; Incidents, personal, &c., 
58 to 62. 

1853. 

City Officials, 63; Water Works question, 63, 64, 65; Status of Eailroad 
Subscriptions, 65, 66; Incidents, personal, &c., 66 to 71. 

1854. 

Change in city election, 71; A deputy sheriff killed, 72, 73 ; Opelika Branch 
Bauroad Depot, 73/74; Additional subscriptions to Mobile and Girard 
Bailroad andOpelika Branch Kailroad, 74; Visit of ex-President Fulmore, 
74; Incidents, &c., 75 to 80. 

 IV 

INDEX. 

1855. 

City Finances, 81; Sale of city stock in Muscogee Railroad, Opelika Branch 
Kailroad finished, 81; Incidents, 82 ; Personal, &c., 83 to 86. 

1856. 

The annual city election, 86; Assets and liabilities of the city, 87 ; Up-town 
bridge, 88; Incidents, &c., 88 to 93. 

1857. 

Close Kailroad Connections, 94; Military Companies, 94; The great sixteen 
mile race, 95, 96; Incidents, &c., 94 to 101. 

1858. 

Prosperous Year, 101; Keport of Finance Committee, 103; Great revival of 
religion, 105 ; Fatal Kailroad Disaster, 106 ; Incidents, &c., 104 to 109. 

1859. 

The new mode of city election, 110; The new bridge question, 110, 111; 
New Kailroad projects, 111, 112; The Market question, 112; Destructive 
Warehouse Fires, 113; Temporary Synagogue consecrated, 113 ; Incidents, 
112 to 115. 

1860. 

Indebtedness of the city, 117 ; Eagle Factory purchases the Howard, 118; 
Subscription to the Opelika and Talledega Railroad, 119; Tax Returns of 
the County, 119 ; Political excitement, 119,120; Incidents, &c., 120 to 126. 

1861. 

Lively municipal contest, 126, 127; Political excitement, 127; Companies 
and muster rolls of same for the war, 128 to 142 ; Industries of the city, 
142, 143; "Confederate Prices," 143; Incidents, &c., 143 to 147. 

1862. 

City officials for the year, 148; Large meeting of citizens, 148; "Muscogee" 
and "Price Volunteers" and rolls of same, 149, 150; Home Military Com 
pany, 150; Cavalry companies and regimental officers, 150; Columbus 
Rebels and roll of same, 151, 152; Minute Boys, 153; Mounted Partisan 
Rangers, 152, 153 ; Warehouse burnt, 153 ; Incidents, &c., 153 to 157. 

1863. 

Municipal officers, 157; Destructive fires, 158 ; Local defence, 159; Inde 
pendent Home Guard, 160 ; Registration of voters, 160; Incidents, per 
sonal, &c., 161 to 165. 

1864. 

Unusual business activity, 166 ; Gen. Rosseau's raid, 167, 168 ; Incidents, 
&c., 168 to 173. 

1865. 

Feverish excitement, 174; Prices in January, 174, in February, 176; Inci 
dents, personal, &c., 175 to 177; The Wilson raid, 178 to 185. 

COLUMBUS, GA. 

L 

1846. 

The Bridge Troubles—Military-—Organisation of Regiment 
for Mexican War—"The Great Fire." 

The dispute between the city authorities and the people of 
Russell county about the crossing of the bridge was renewed 
this year. Some citizens of Alabama erected a toll gate and 
demanded toll at the western abutment of the bridge. The 
City Council, on the 18th of March, passed an ordinance 
requiring of every foot passenger in Russell county 6J cents 
for passing over the city bridge; also, to charge citizens of 
said county for wood, lumber, or anything previously passed 
free; also requiring the said ordinance to remain in effect so 
long as tolls are demanded at the toll-gate erected at the abut 
ment of the bridge in the town of Girard, and that proper 
counsel be employed to use legal measures to have such toll- 
gate removed. 

On the 10th of July Council appointed a committee, com 
posed of John Banks, John E. Dawson and Kenneth McKen- 
zie, to confer with a committee appointed by the Court of 
Roads and Eevenue of Eussell county, Alabama, in relation 
to the adjustment of the existing difficulties in regard to the 
bridge. 

September the Commissioners' Court of Eussell county 
rescinded the order for establishing a toll-gate near the west- 

 6 

ORGANIZATION CITY LIGHT GUARDS. 

ern end of the bridge, in Girard. Whereupon the City 
Council adopted a resolution authorizing the crossing of 
agricultural produce, wood, &c., free of toll. 

The Orphan Asylum (an institution undertaken by some 
of the ladies in 1844) was this year open for the reception of 
the orphan poor. 

The City Light Guards were organized June 28th. The 
officers were, A. H. Cooper, Captain; D. P. Ellis, First Lieut.; A. 
G. Eedd, Second; S. K. Hodges, Third; Wm. H. Pruden, 
First Sergeant; F. C. Johnson, Second ; J. M. Hughes, Third; 
B. B. Kyle, Fourth; A. C. Brown, First Corporal; E. E. 
Hudgins, Second ; John Wilmer, Third; J. A. L. Lee, Fourth. 

This was the first year of the war with Mexico, and Co 
lumbus shared largely in the excitement which it occasioned. 
The Governor of Georgia in response to a call by .the Presi 
dent of the United States, invited the enrollment of volun 
teers, and Columbus was selected as the place of rendezvous 
of a regiment of infantry. The volunteers arrived about the 
middle of June, and were reviewed by Gov. Crawford. The 
officers of the regiment were H. E. Jackson, of Savannah, 
Colonel; Thos. Y. Eedd, of Columbus, Lieut. Colonel; Chas. 
J. Williams, of Columbus, Major; John Forsyth, of Colum 
bus, Adjutant; Jas. Kellogg, Colonel's Private Secretary; S. 
M. McConnel, of Cherokee, Sergeant Major; B. F. McDonald, 
of Marietta, Q. M. Sergeant; Drs. J. J. B. Hoxey and W. E. 
Beall, of Columbus, Surgeon and Assistant; Eev. Mr. Cairnes, 
Chaplain. 

Principal Musicians, Geo. Gatehouse and Dennis Holland, 
of Savannah. 

The following ten companies composed the regiment: We 
give the Captain of each and the officers in full of the three ' 
Columbus companies : Columbus Guards, Columbus—John 
E. Davis, Captain; John Forsyth, First Lieutenant; C. P. 
Hervey, Second; Eoswell Ellis, First Sergeant; Jos. King, 
Second; W, C. Holt, Third; W. C. Hodges, Fourth; W. G. 

THE CITY ELECTION. 7 

Andrews, First Corporal; V. D. Tharpe, Second; Jas. Ham 
ilton, Third ; E. A. McGibony, Fourth. 

Crawford Guards, Columbus—John Jones, Captain; E. G. 
Mitchell, First Lieutenant; J. S. Dismukes, Second; T. Shoe 
maker, First Sergeant; H. S. Teasdale, Second; A. M. Sauls, 
Third; D. A. Winn, Fourth; John May, First Corporal; John 
Lochaby, Second ; James B. Wells, Third; N. J. Peabody, 
Fourth. 

Georgia Light Infantry, Columbus—J. S. Calhoun, Cap 
tain; E. E. Goulding, First Lieutenant; H. C. Anderson, Sec 
ond ; W. B. Philips, First Sergeant; A. B. Hoxey, Second; 
W. T. Smith, Third; M. H. Blandford, Fourth; E. H. How 
ard, First Corporal; A. Scott, Second; Thos. Eeynolds, Third; 
Geo. Lindsay, Fourth. 

The other companies were Canton Volunteers, Cherokee 
county; Eichmond Blues, Augusta; Macon Guards, Macon ; 
Fannin Avengers, Pike County; Kennesaw Eangers, Cobb 
county ; Sumter County Volunteers; Jasper Greens, Savan 
nah. Eegiment numbered 893 men. 

The regiment was presented with a United States Flag by 
Miss Mary Ann Howard (the late Mrs. Chas. J. Williams) 
which was received by Col. Jackson. The regiment left on 
Sunday, June 28th, crossed on the lower bridge, crowds of 
people looking on, and marched to Chehaw, and railroaded to 
Montgomery and were carried thence to Mexico, where they 
remained twelve months, but had no part in the many bat 
tles, but were engaged in several skirmishes. City Council 
gave $300 to Columbus Guards. 

The city election, on the first Saturday in January, result 
ed in the choice of John G. Winter as Mayor, without oppo 
sition, and the following gentlemen as Aldermen: 1st Ward, 
W. S. Holstead, J. C. Euse; 2d Ward, Dr. M. Woodruff, Dr. 
S. A. Billing- 3rd Ward, E. N. R Bardwell; 4th Ward, 
John Quin • 5th Ward, N. M. C. Eobinson, J. L. Morton; 6th 
Ward, B. F. Coleman, Jos. Wiggins. Dr. Stewart m the 3rd 

 8 

HELP FOE THE POOR. 

THE GEEAT FIEE. 

9 

and J. H. Shorter in the 4th, were the next highest candi 
dates in their respective Wards, but as the law required a 
clear majority to elect, and the votes were divided among 
several candidates in each of these Wards, only one was 
chosen in each. Col. Winter received 498 votes, and no candi 
date receiving less than 400 was elected an Alderman. We 
compute the whole number of votes cast at about 620. 

At a subsequent special election for Aldermen of the 3rd 
and 4th Wards, Dr. Stewart was elected for the 3rd, and J. 
H. Shorter for the 4th. 

The following officers were elected by the City Council: 
Wm. Brooks, Marshal; J. M. Hughes, Deputy Marshal; C. 
Stratton, Clerk; G. W. Turrentine, Treasurer; Kichard Burt^ 
Bridge Keeper; W. Tilly, Clerk of the Market; Mrs. 
McGehee, Hospital Keeper. 

From the Treasurer's report we learn that the receipts of 
the city for the year 1845 were $24,696, including cash on 
hand at the beginning of the year $1,956. The expenditures 
were $24,696, including $24 cash on hand. The revenue 
from the bridge was $9,717. The city debt at that time was 
$56,655, of which $30,000 was due to John G. Winter on 
account of a loan. 

The Enquirer of the 24th of January congratulated the city 
on the prospect of the construction of the Southwestern 
Railroad at an early day. It announced the opening of books 
of subscription at Macon, Columbus, and intermediate places. 

Messrs. B. Beasly, F. Toby and M. N. Clark, who had been 
appointed to assess the cash valuation of the real estate in the 
city, reported in March that they made the total valuation 
$1,233,245, being $40,950 more than that of the previous 
year. 

The city authorities this year manifested much concern for 
the proper care of the poor within its limits. Alderman 
Woodruff was active and zealous in this behalf. Council 
requested the Superior Court of Muscogee county to levy 10 

per cent, upon the State tax upon persons and property in the 
city for the support of the poor. In April an ordinance was 
adopted providing for the election annually of a Board of 
Commissioners of the Poor, whose duty it should be to ascer 
tain the necessities of the poor and distribute the fund raised 
for their relief. Asa Pond, Wm. Amos, Lewis C. Alien, 
[Theobold Howard and M. Woodruff were elected Com 
missioners. 

The first Mayor's Court of the city was organized this 
year, under authority of an act of the Legislature, and a code 
of ordinances defining the offences coming within the juris 
diction of the Court was adopted. 

The bridge tolls this year were appropriated exclusively to 
the payment of the debt due to the State of Georgia. 

The most disastrous fire the city ever sustained occurred 
on the morning of October 9th, this year. The fire origina 
ted in the wood and blacksmith shops of Marcus D. Jones, 
on Oglethorpe street, northwest of the court-house, and burnt 
the two blocks between St. Glair and Crawford and Ogle 
thorpe and Front streets except the Fontaine House, most of 
the two blocks south of these, and the flames thence went 
westward to the river. The fire was arrested one-half square 
below the bridge, and one square above the boat landing. 
The loss in houses, goods, furniture, &c., was estimated at 
$250,000. The number of sufferers about 700—400 of whom 
were greatly injured. No loss of life. Mr. Mariner received 
a lick and fell from the second story of the City Hotel. The 
fire swept down the most of five squares, and a few houses of 
the sixth square. It consumed the livery stable of James 
Bradford & Co., and all the houses between that and Janny's 
foundry (the latter was saved). The shop on the corner 
north (where Muscogee Home now is) occupied by T. and E. 
Reid, gin makers, was consumed, also the large wooden 
building known as City Hotel, owned by D. McDougald 
(Georgia Home Bank building is now on the site). The wind 

 10 

THE GREAT FIRE. 

blew briskly southwest. The market-house, then at the in 
tersection of Broad and St. Glair streets, caught and was 
consumed, and then the flames took down southward on 
both sides of Broad street. On the east side were consumed 
the goods of Reuben Shorter; James Ligon, groceries and 
provisions; Lesterget's do.; Charles Kendall's do.; T. 
Sanders' cabinet shop; Dr. Thos. Hoxey's shop and medi 
cines ; I. B. Hoxey's grocery; I. G. & J. B. Strupper's goods 
and residence; Hamilton & Go's clothing and $300 in cash ; 
J. Kivlin's Sans Souci and residence, worth $15,000, insur 
ance f 5,000; John ligon & Tilley's grocery; Shaefi'er's^un 
shop; Thomas Treadwell's residence; Turean's grocery ; J. 
S. Norman's saddle shop and one story house; Dr. Young's 
office ; Chas. Fuch's bakery; Phil. Reynolds and J. Rowe's 
bar-room; Mclntosh Row, occupied by Theobold Howard 
and others, as residences; Dillingham's corner, owned by 
Wells & Toby; Henry Matthew's residence; Rev. W. D. 
Cainies' building; W. P. Baker's and Mrs. Tichnor's resi 
dences and Miss Edrnundson's school room. Here the fire on 
the east side of Broad was stopped. It had swept two 
squares south, consuming every house on the first from St. 
Glair street, except Janny's foundry, the old theatre, a small 
grocery, and on the square south of Crawford everything 
except a few houses on the side west of the .court-house. 

At the same time, the west side of Broad, south of St. 
Clair, was fired, and every house was consumed save the 
Fontaine residence. Wm. P. Yonge's residence, west of this, 
was saved, owing to the direction of the wind. The fire 
passed Rankin's corner, (Broad and Crawford streets,) burnt 
the Democratic Liberty-Pole, consumed all of Battle Row, 
crossed over to the west side of Front street, and destroyed 
the residence of Mr. Rankin; Yonge, Garrard & Hooper's 
warehouse being saved after a hard fight; burned John 
Whitesides' stables near the river, but his tavern was saved. 
All that part of the square from Broad and Crawford, south 
to the bridge, was consumed, including several houses blown 

THE SUFFERERS. 

11 

up. The fire was arrested just one-half square below the 
bridge, and one square from the steamboat landing. 

The principal sufferers on the west side of Broad street 
were: Hill, Dawson & Co. (saved goods,) building $5,000; 
D. "W". Orr & Co., clothing; Mrs. A. B. Da vis, store-house, 
bank- building and residence; J. S. Smith & Co., clothing; 
A. M. Cox, grocer; George Hargraves, building, $3,000; 
Luke Reid, shoe and saddle store; Messrs. Peabody; A. 
Calhoun, grocer; S. & F. W. Sartwell, dry goods and groce 
ries |10,000; J. N. Harris & Co., $5,000; E. Wells & Co., 
shoe store; John Code, tailor, $800; James Sullivan, grocer, 
$11,000; L. J. Davies, dry goods; Patillo's boarding house; 
Mrs. Davies, milliner, heavy loss; William Rankin, store and 
goods, and residence on Broad street, $15,000 ; B. Wells, sev 
eral stores; William Tarbutton, owner of old Columbus 
Hotel, (Jake Burrus' old corner;) William Tarbutton, $1,000; 
Wiley Adams ; Dr. Thornton, two tenements; Gunn, provi 
sions ; Mrs. E. Webster, two stores, $800; J. W. Campbell, 
workshop; S. Hoffman, grocery and residence blown up, 
$800. On Bridge street—J. Code, residence; Dr. Rogan's 
house; K L. Howard, two houses; John Quin and Joseph 
Walton, stores. 

On Front—Residences of Mrs. L. J. Davies, Mrs. James A. 
Shorter; William Owens, Colonel Jones' building, and all 
others down to a half square below the bridge on the west 
side of Front street. On Battle Row, or Crawford street— 
J. Boulter, Thomas McCarty, B. Weeks, P. Sullivan. • 

The heat was so intense on Broad street, that goods took 
fire after being removed from the stores. Fabulous sums 
were offered for drays to haul off goods. The only fire en 
gine (No. 1) came near being burned. 

Girard narrowly escaped from cinders. 

Council appealed to the public for aid in behalf of the suf 
ferers, and John Quin, acting Mayor, issued a proclamation ^ 
in accordance. A committee was appointed to solicit aid. 

 12 

INCIDENTS. 

Committee, on October 12th, reported 80 persons had been 
supplied with food. 

Savannah contributed $1,400; Macon, $505; Montgomery, 
$493 40; Columbus, in money and goods, $1,603 75. The 
Governor gave delay in the collection of taxes ; Astor House, 
New York, $50. 

Relief was offered on this plan—entire losses not exceeding 
$100—75 cents on the dollar; not exceeding $200—50 per 
cent., and the balance of the fund equally divided among 
sufferers. 

To replace the burned apparatus of Fire Company No. 1, 
$135 were appropriated. 

INCIDENTS. 

The initiatory steps towards the building of the Mobile and 
Girard Eailroad were taken this year. The Alabama Legis 
lature chartered a company styled "the Girard Railroad Com 
pany," with James and Anderson Abercombie, Wm. Davis, S. 
M. Ingersoll, J. Godwin, W. B. Harris, J. Drummond, W. Bur- 
nett, R. S. Hardaway, B. Baker, E. Morfell, J. Alien, W. 
Luther, T. Kemp, B. S. Mangham, —— Floyd and N". W. Long,. 
as Commissioners. Capital not to exceed $5,000,000, in 
shares of $100 each. The road to extend from Girard to' in 
tersect or connect with the navigable waters of Mobile Bay, 
or with the railroad leading from Montgomery to West Point, 
at the nearest and most suitable point of said road. 

Other railroad enterprises in which Columbus was then 
concerned, were the building of a projected road to Macon or 
Barnesville, to intersect the Central or Macon and Western, 
and the construction of a road to Atlanta. John G. Winter 
was President of-the company having the last named project 
in charge. 

On the 4th of April F. S. Wingate shot and killed John 
Conley with a pistol. Wingate crossed the river and made 
his escape. 

The Muscogee Riflemen were organized on the 4th of 
July, with M. N. Clarke, Captain; Wm. R. Jones 1st Lieu- 

PERSONAL. 

13 

tenant; M. Reid, 2d; John B. Wells, Ensign; N. P. Foster, 
1st Sergeant; Chas. Torrean, 2d; J. W. Frost, 3rd; J. B. 
Hicks, 4th; Levi Duck, 1st Corporal; I. Trawick, 2d ; E. L. 
Hall, 3rd; Peter McGar, 4th. 

The first new bale of cotton of the season was brought in 
from the plantation of James Chapman, in Russell County, 
Alabama, and brought 10c., A. G. Lawrence being the pur 
chaser. 

On October 14th cotton was quoted at 7 to 8Jc.; on the 
21st, 8J to 8fc., from wagons; on November 3rd, 8 to 8fc. 

PEEBONAL. 

The following were the county officers of Muscogee, elected 
in January: Sheriff—John M. Bethune over J. A. L. Lee; 
Clerk Superior Court—Thad S. Sturgis over B. Beasley; 
Clerk Inferior Court—R. G. Mitchell over John Johnson; 
Tax Collector—F. A. Jepson over T. H. Kendall; Tax Re 
ceiver—A. Stephens over D. Parkman ; County Surveyor— 
P. Lamar over T. J. Hand ; Coroner—T. O'Brien over G. B. 
Terry. 

The Grand Jury for the January term consisted of J. S. 
Calhoun, foreman ; A. Levison, M. N. Clarke, K. McKenzie, 
S. G. Wells, James Shaw, L. Cherry, B. F. Malone, H. Liv- 
ingstone, H. C. Dawson, O. P. Tillinghast, W. L. Wynn, 
Thos. J. Shivers, E. S. Greenwood, J. C. Cook, Davis Mulford, 
S. C. Lindsay, E. Dudley, P. McLaren, M. Woodruff, D. Ad 
ams. They presented as a nuisance so many change bills ; 
also the trading and trafficing with negroes, and allowing 
negroes to keep bar-rooms. Judge Sturgis presided over the 
Court. Hon. R. B. Alexander was appointed Judge of the 
Circuit soon afterwards. 

Rev. James A. Wiggins was presiding Elder of the Colum 
bus M. E. District, and Rev. J.E. Evans stationed at Columbus. 

B. Burt resigned the position of bridge-keeper in June, on 
account of the difficulty of enforcing the regulations, and 
. W. Martin was elected in his stead. 

 14 

BUSINESS MEN OF THE CITY. 

The Grand Jury for the April term consisted of S. W. 
Flournoy, foreman; E. C. Bandy, Wm. Amos, L. C. Alien, 
G. B. Terry, Jas. Sullivan, Calvin Stratton, S. Weems, M. 
Chisholm, E. "W. Fox, A. Peabody, T. Howard, Wm. Ban- 
kin, James Kivlin, Van Leonard, G. S. McGehee, T. A. 
Brannon, T. J. Terry, and Leroy Holt. 

James Kivlin was elected, in July, an Alderman of the 4th 
Ward, in the place of James H. Shorter, deceased. 

Alderman Kobinson having removed from the 5th Ward, 
S. E. Andrews was in September elected an Alderman for 
said Ward. 

Council, in December, adopted a resolution that Messrs. 
Echols & Howard had faithfully performed their contract for 
the improvement of the water lots. 

The following boats arrived and departed during the win 
ter of this year : Lotus, Alien master ; Champion, Cadwalla- 
der master; Peytona, Greer master; Viola, Van Vechten 
master ; Mary Ann Moore, Moore master; Nation, McAlister 
master; Boston, Morton master; Emily, Hall master; Colum 
bus, Stapler master; Eufaula, Thompson master; Albany, 
—— master. ,,, 

The following list includes the names of all the business 
and professional men advertising in the Enquirer this year: 

Merchants.—E. & M. Meidner, J. Ennis & Co., George Durham, R. A. 
Ware, Greenwood & Ellis, J. M. Tarbot & Co., E. Barnard & Co., Hall & 
Moses, Pond & Willcox, Moody & Durr, A. H. McNeil, Bruno & Virgins, P. 
McLaren, Wesson & Booher, S. B. Hamilton, J. I. Ridgway, S. B. Purple, 
Ridgway & Barden, L. L. Cowdery, Winter & Epping, L. J. Davies, B. Wells 
& Co., Strong & Wood, H. H. Woodruff, Brokaw & demons, D. & J. Kyle, 
J. S. Smith & Co., Jag. F. Watson, Jas. Dwight, B. B. deGraffenried, J. & I. G. 
Strupper, Wynn & Chandler, Jos. B. Green, J. W. Pease, M. Peeare & Co., 
Wm. A. Redd & Co., G. B. Terry, G. W. Woodruff, Sammis & Rooney, 
Johnson & Frost, Mygatt & Hodges, Q. C. Terry, Hill, Dawson & Co., D. W. 
Orr & Co., Ives & Bro., Wade & Middlebrook, Aug. L. Grant, Birdsong & 
Sledge, A. J. Robison, J. H. Merry, Stanford & Ellis, A. A. Denslow, Hogan 
& Cooper, Robert Carter. 

Teadiers.—R. W. B. Munro, Miss O'Hara and Sister, Mr. O'Hara, Miss A. 

MARRIAGES. 

15 

B. Alexander and Miss D. Pease, Mr. Boyden, J. H. Goodale, Thos. B. Slade, 
Mrs. Bethune, John G. Baker, Thos. G. Pond. 

ftestaurants.—Vfra. B. Ferrell, E. A. White. 

Cabinet Ware/room—Henry Willers. 

Dentists—3. Fogle, O. P. Laird, C. T. Cushman. 

Auction and Commission—N. McRobinson, A. K. Ayer. 

Lawyers—John M Bethune, C. S. Rockwell, A. G. Foster, Hines Holt, 
Wm. Dougherty, M Johnston, L. T. Downing. 

Book-Binder—R. Tanner. 

Cotton Brokers—Hanserd & Morris. 

Warehouses—Ruse, Patten & Co., Yonge, Garrard & Hooper, Greenwood & 
Co., Hooper & Ridgway, Ed. J. Hardin. 

Doctors—E. M deGraffenried, Boswell & Billing, Holt & Butt, Wildman & 
Craig, Thos. Hoxey, Dr. Goulding. 

Iron Foundries—Israel H. Janney, Joseph Colwell & Co. 

Carriage JKepositories—H. C. McKee, J. B. Jaques. 

Hotels—Oglethorpe House, by R. E. Bass; City Hotel, by Murry Reed and 
Isaac Mitchell; Kentucky House, by W. Perry. 

Ice Dealer—John Byrne. 

Gin Makers—Templeton Reid, E. Y. Taylor & Co., (in Girard.) 

Livery Stable—Jas. A. Bradford. 

Hoarding House—Mrs. Teasdale. 

Millinery—Miss C. W. Alexander, Mrs. Dessau. 

Gunsmith—F^ Shaeffer. 

Deguerreotype Gallery—Mr. Levering. 

MAREIAGES. 

January 4_Greene S. Duke and Pyrene C. Webb. January 6, George W. 
Howard and Caroline E. Smith. Jan. 8, Jeremiah Massey and Frances 
Broadnax, John Jones and Elizabeth Emily Tilly. Jan. 11, David Magouirk 
and Margaret Duke. Jan. 14, George Thornton and Rebecca Thornton. Jan. 
26, John Mosey and Martha Byus. Jan. 27, Simon P. Bickley and Martha 
A. Culver. * 

February 5—Peter Diffley and Jane Wade, Richard Ector and Eleanor M. 
S. Ector. Feb. 11, Wm. A. Shofnerand Mary Ann Turnage. Feb. 12, Henry 
H. Epping and Barbary C. Cubbage. Feb. 13, John Houston and Martha J. 
McClure. Feb. 15, Morton Kelsey and Georgian V. Marcrum. Feb. 18, 
Lambert Spencer and Venona Mitchell. Feb. 22, Alexander C. Green and 
Mary Burns. 

March 1—Shadrack Walls and Nancy Cordry. March 2, Salathal N. Crop- 
man and Caroline Crandall, Gregory Ortagusand Mrs. Stacy Ann Lse, Martin 
Castello and Permelia Gouter. Feb. 4, James W. Johnson and Sarah Garri 
son. March 5, Alanson M. Cox and GeorgianaM Affleck. March 10, Lester 
L. Cowdery and Eveline Rule. March 18, Thos. M. Glowers and Louisa Warren. 
March 23, William C. Swann and Delila E. Brown. March 24, Hiram Hooker 

 16 

MARRIAGES. 

and Mary Bell. March 25, Stephen Z. Harnesberger and Susan Norris. 
March 26, George C. Benton and Frances M. Stallings, Wm. L. O'Stein and 
Harriet S. Adams. 

April 2—Jonathan Cordry and Elizabeth Tomlinson. April 12, James M. 
Baggett and Mary Ann Pike. April 26, Thomas Cransby and Mary Simpson. 
April 30, Doctor H. Sanders and Martha Walters. 

May 12—Nelson McLester, Esq., and Mary C. Redd. May 17, Jno. M. 
Jones and Elizabeth J. .Rogers, Charles King and Caroline Ligon, May 23, 
Ichabod B. Hoxie and Euphemia Alien. 

June 2—Josiah Pranglin and Jane Ann Giddings. June 3, Jas. H. Edmund- 
son and Susan Ramsay. June 4, James P. Duck and Caroline E. Dirnon, Jas. 
Francis and Louisa F. Perryman. June 11, James Slaughter and Eleanor 
Williams. June 16, Gary C. Willis and Mary F. Huff. June 21, Wiley Size- 
more and Mary Askew. 

July 5—Jesse Clay and Nancy Caroline Bryan. July 7, Edward W. Nix and 
Ann HarvelL July 9, Brady F. Warner and Matilda M. Brown. July 23, 
David Culpepper and Caroline Hays. July 29, Edward S. Ott and Ann A. 
Alston, Richard L. Butt and Elizabeth C. Leonard. 

August 2—John Kingsbury and Missouri Ann Grey, Thomas W. Ballard 
and Jane Hawthorn. Aug. 10, James Johnson and Nancy Amanda Roach. 
Aug. 12, John F. Bosworth and Augusta F. Reeves. 

September 6—William A. Livingston and Mary A. Cooper. Sept. 10, 
Matthew Knight and Martha Ann Bryley. Sept. 18, Jacob Williams and 
Eliza Adams. Sept. 22, Edwin N. Hyatt and Mary Jane Lee. Sept. 24, 
Caleb Gallops and Sarah Palmer. Sept. 27, George W. Smith and Sarah 
Mann. 

October 1—Wm. A. Beach and Caroline L. NeufFer. Oct. 5, John Crosby 
and Sarah Bawl. Oct. 6, Wiley L. Day and Sarah Ann Elizabeth Andrews, 
William H. Smith and Nancy Ann Edwards. Oct. 7, Jas. Hall and Frances 
Ballard. Oct. 8, Jesse D. Hadley and Malinda R. Teel. Oct. 15, Benjamin 
W. Moon and Arabella T. Eldred. Oct. 18, Zachariah Gammel and Elizabeth 
Osborn. Oct. 22, Edward Christian and Rachel Witt Oct. 28, Francis M. 
Gray and Mentoria E. Mead. . 

November 3—William Walker and Harriet E. Shny, Luke Crandall and 
Martha E. Rawson. Nov. 4, Wesley Gray and Emeline Jones. Nov. 12, Jas. 
W. McCullers and Lucinda Scroggins, Abraham Miller and Martha Morgan, 
Henry Hall and Mary A. Nisbett. Nov. 13, Wm. McConnell and Tabitha 
Olive Kent. Nov. 24, Jordan L. Howell and Elizabeth S. Johnson. Nov. 25, 
James H. Carter and Henrietta M. Harden. Nov. 26, James A. Redding and 
Caroline P. Davis, Vincent H. Harrison and Martha Roland, James Twilley 
and Catharine Davis. Nov. 29, Elijah Padgett and Axupershanee Johnson. 

December 3—Q. Carlyle Terry and Elizabeth G. Goulding. Dec. 10, Thos. 
J. Tipper and Emily Vickers, Abner Buchanan and Ninetta L. Chisolm. 
Dec. 11, Jno. E. Renfroe and Martha Ann Daniel. Dec. 18, Anda McNeel 
and Martha Weathers. Dec. 16, William J. McBride and Mary Ann Wall. 

DEATHS. 

17 

Dec. 17, Charnel Hightower and Amanda Henry. Dec. 20, Jasper Harris and 
Judith Ann Buckner. Dec. 21, William C. Owens and Catharine Simpson. 
Dec. 22, Wade H. T. Powell and Mary E. Dade, Jno J. Rockmore and Sarah 
Jane Edwards. Dec. 24, Sampson D. Helms and Missouri Parker, Simeon 
Perry and Emily Kilpatrick. Dec. 30, William H. Spurgers and Ann Prick- 
ett. Dec. 31, Israel H. JamBey and Mary Jane OTEara, Jourdan Hightower 
and Jane Henry, Slakely Lamberth and Mary Ann Fincher. 

DEATHS. 

January 23—Arthur B. Davis. Jan. 28—Dr. A. S. Clifton. Jan. 29, 
Jeremiah Mullens. 

March 6—Francis N. Ruse. March 7, Mrs. Martha T. Redd. 

April 4—Mrs. Harriet A. Wildman. 

June 7—Mrs. Caroline Crossman. June 11, John Logan. June 29, Mrs. 
Martha W. Harris. 

July 8—Eugene, infant child of John A Jones. July 10, Wm. B. Chan 
dler, of Sumter county. 

August 11—Mrs. Mary Emma Bronson. Aug. 16, Mrs. Frances Eliza 
Rutherford. Aug. 18, Mrs. Mary Hodges. Aug. 27, Anna Lewis, infant 
daughter of L. D. Minter. 

September — Stephen D. Pepper. Sept. 7, Mrs. Barbara Catherine 
Epping. Sept. 14, Jared Irwin, infant son of Elisha F. Kirksey. 

October 16—Jonathan Niles, of Providence, R. I. 

1847. 

Two Destructive Fires—Land Donated and City Subscription 

to Muscogee Railroad Company. 

The following was the result of the election held on the 
first Saturday in January for Mayor and Aldermen: Mayor, 
Wiley Williams; Aldermen—1st Ward, J. J. McKendree, 
Willis T. Holstead; 2d Ward, no election; 3d Ward, E. K 
R- Bardwell, George Pitts; 4th Ward, H. J. Smith, and no 
choice for one; 5th Ward, James Kivlin, J. L. Morton; 6th 
Ward, Benj. F. Coleman, J. E. Green. 

 18 

EESTEUCTIVE FIRES. 

SPECIAL MEETING OP COUNCIL 

19 

Subsequently, John G. Winter and Davenport Ellis were 
elected Aldermen of the 2d Ward, and John Quin of the 
4th Ward. 

Calvin Strattoii was re-elected Clerk; George W. Turren- 
tine, Treasurer; William Brooks, Marshal; Jas. M. Hughes, 
Deputy Marshal; Wm. W. Martin, Bridge-keeper; M. Wood 
ruff', City Physician; James Johnson, City Attorney; Chas. 
Kendall, Clerk of the Market; E. T. Simons, Sexton; C. A. 
McGehee, Hospital Keeper. 

The first omnibus appears to have been licensed this year. 
H. W. Van Veighten and others were authorized to run an 
omnibus from the post-office to the wharf and other points in 
the city, for the purpose of conveying passengers. 

The Fire Wardens elected in January were John C. Ruse, 
Henry T. Hall, John Strupper, E. E. Goetchius, L. W. Wells, 
Peter Crichton. 

Board of Health—Dr. Thos. Hoxey, J. B. Hoxey, S. A. 
Billing, John S. Alien, Mansfield Torrence, Joseph Kyle, B. 
Birdsong, Benj. Wells, Joseph Wiggins, E. S. Stockton. 

Port Wardens—Lewis C. Alien, Frederick Toby, T. M. 
. Hogan, Wm. H. Praden, V. S. Cady. 

Commissioners of the Poor—John Johnson, M. Woodruff, 
William Amos, Theo. Howard, Lewis C. Alien. 

Messrs. John Bethune, Frederick Toby and Joseph B. 
Webster, assessors, reported the aggregate value of real 
estate in the city $1,333,825. 

The newspapers of Columbus, this year, were the Enquirer, 
Times, and Democrat. 

On Wednesday, at 7 o'clock P. M., March 1st, a fire broke 
out in J. M. Tarbox's book-store, located on the east side of 
Broad street, midway between Eandolph and St. Glair streets. 
Fronting Broad street were destroyed Tarbox's book-store, 
Wade & Middlebrook's saddlery-store, Hall & Moses, hard 
ware ; E. & M. Meidner", dry goods; Sammis & Eooney, furni 
ture ; Meinhem & Co., dry goods; A. H. McNeil, shoes; 
Holden's oyster house and confectionery; Geo. H. Betz, tailor; 

Fogle & Cushman, dentist rooms; the clothing and millinery 
store of Mr. and Mrs. Dessau. The fire passed thence to Ogle- 
thorpe street, destroying Hatcher & Pitts' livery stable The 
Episcopal church building was several times on fire. Several 
wooden houses on Oglethorpe were cut down, and the build 
ing occupied by the Enquirer as a press room was blown up. 
The fire engine did all it could. Mr. George H. Peabody was 
seriously injured by a fall from the vestry of the Episcopal 
Church. The heaviest losers were Sammis & Eooney, Kyle 
& Barnett, G. W. Woodruff, Wade & Middlebrook (fully 
insured,) A. K. Ayer, Hall & Moses (§13,000 above insu 
rance,) P. A. Clayton, and others. Total loss about §80,000; 
insurance §40,000. , 

On March 20th, at 5 A. M., Harden's large wooden ware 
house, occupied by Hall & DeBlois, agents for the Lowell 
factory companies, and owned by the Milledgeville Bank, 
was burned with 1,281 bales of cotton, owned by various 
parties; and 900 sacks salt, 125 barrels of molasses and 75 
of whiskey, owned by Barnard & Schley (insured.) The 
rear building of Eedd & Co.'s store, with 200 sacks of salt, 
bacon, etc., was also burned. Loss $60,000. The warehouse 
was located where the Planters' Warehouse now is. This 
fire was believed to have been the work of an incendiary. 

On the 23d of March, Council held a special meeting to 
take action in regard to the supposed incendiary origin of the 
late fires. A resolution was adopted authorizing the Mayor 
to offer a reward of $1,000 for the apprehension and convic 
tion of any such incendiary. 

On the 25th of March, Wm. Brooks resigned the office of 
Marshal, and James M. Hughes, Deputy, was elected Marshal. 
George Gullen was elected Deputy Marshal. 

We find the names of the following boats that were ply 
ing the river in the early part of this year : Lotus, Champi-' 
°n, Peytona, Viola, Mary Ann Moore, Nation, Boston, Eufau- 
la, Emily, Charleston, Albany, Apalachicola, Cadwallader. 

Notwithstanding heavy losses by three destructive fires 

 20 

THE BRIDGES—LAND GRANT. 

RAILROAD SUBSCRIPTION. 

21 

within a few months, the citizens of Columbus contributed 
$789 40 for the relief of the people of Ireland, then suffering 
from famine. 

A new Market House, near the intersection of Oglethorpe 
and Crawford streets, having been completed by Messrs. P. 
Adams and J. L. Morton, the stalls were rented in May. We 
find that some of the stalls were rented by Richard Roberson, 
Barshall & Gittenger, Charles G. Bize, Amos & Jones. 

J. J. McKendree having resigned as Alderman of the 1st 
Ward, A. B. Ragan was elected in his stead. 

The following decree of Chancellor Ligon of Alabama, in 
the case of the Mayor and Council of Columbus vs. Lewis 
Davis and others, was laid before Council on the 17th of 
June, and spread upon its minutes: "It is ordered, adjudged 
and decreed, that the injunction heretofore awarded in this case 
be made perpetual, and that the said defendants and each 
and every of them and their successors in office of those of 
them which constituted the Court of Commissioners of Reve 
nue and Roads for the county of Russell, be forever enjoined 
from obstructing in any way the streets and highways in the 
bill mentioned to the injury of the franchise of complainant." 

On the 30th of June a special meeting of Council was held 
to consider a proposition of the Muscogee Railroad Company 
in regard to obtaining a lot of ground on the east commons 
for the purpose of locating a depot. The following resolu 
tion was adopted: 

Resolved, That this body authorize the Muscogee Bailroad Company to 
locate their depot on the east common, between Kandolph and Bryan streets, 
and to occupy a space of ground for said depot, and for no other than railroad 
purposes, not exceeding the breadth between the two streets, and not over 
1200 feet long, leaving a street on the east and another on the west end of 
said depot—which said streets shall be as much as 200 feet wide; and with 
the amendment that the title shall revert to the city when the road shall 
•cross the river at any point above St. Clair street. 

In August, P. A. Clayton was elected Alderman of the 
4th Ward, vice H. J. Smith, resigned. 

Council appropriated $300 to aid in buying a new engine. 

On the 16th of September the Telegraph Company peti 
tioned for permission to erect poles and extend their line 
through the city, and on the 7th of October Council granted 
the company the right to cross the commons, the streets, and 
the river, by attaching the wires to the bridge. 

There was considerable feeling in Council and among the 
citizens, in October, on the subject of renting a portion of 
the commons for a race track. Council at first resolved to 
rent it for that purpose for a term of years, but afterwards 
reconsidered the resolution, and on the 28th of October, after 
receiving a numerously signed protest by citizens against 
any such appropriation of the commons, the whole subject 
was laid on the table. 

Col. J. L. Mustian having made a proposition to Council to 
complete twenty miles of the Muscogee Railroad, commencing 
at Columbus, if the city would give him a bonus of $20,000, 
and it being represented that a project was on foot to build a 
road from the Georgia Western Railroad to West Point, 
which would materially interfere with the trade of Colum 
bus, Council called a meeting of citizens on the 29th of Octo 
ber, to consider the question. This meeting adopted a reso 
lution requesting the Council to subscribe for 1500 shares of 
the Muscogee Railroad, payable in bonds. At its meeting on 
the 2d of November, Council adopted an ordinance "to au 
thorize and require the Mayor of the city of Columbus to 
subscribe in the name and for the benefit of the Mayor and 
Council of the citv of Columbus for fifteen hundred shares in 
the stock of the Muscogee Railroad Company, to authorize 
the issue of city bonds for $150,000 in payment of the same, 
and to provide for the representation of said stock in all 
meetings and elections which may be held by the stockhold 
ers of said company." The ordinance provided that $15,000 
°f said bonds should become due and payable each year, 
commencing on the 1st day of January, 1853, until the whole 
sllould be paid by the 1st of January, 1863. At a meeting 

 22 

MOUNTED COMPANIES FOR MEXICO. 

PERSONAL. 

23 

on the 11th of November, Council adopted an amendment to 
this ordinance, asking the Legislature to grant authority to 
levy an additional tax sufficient to pay the annual interest on 

these bonds. 

Subsequently, on motion of Alderman Morton, Council 
adopted a resolution appointing a committee to ascertain and 
report what arrangements could be made, by means of a 
county subscription, to expedite the building of a railroad 
connecting the Muscogee Railroad with a railroad at Barnes- 

ville. 

The Finance Committee reported in December that the in 
come of the city Treasury for the year, ordinary and extra 
ordinary, had been $24,280 69, against $21,400 the previous 
year, and the amount of city debt paid off during the year a 
little less than $10,000, besides $3,000 of extraordinary ex 
penses, leaving the current expenses of the city about 
$10,500. The debt of the city at that time was $42,466. 

The city sexton reported 12 interments, of both whites and 
blacks, for the first quarter of this year, and 22 for the 
second quarter. We have been unable to find any report for 
the last two quarters. 

INCIDENTS. 

Mary Ann Coursey, a white girl, aged 13 years, was fatally 
shot in the head with a pistol, by Jones Butler, on March 1st. 
He was arrested in Girard, and lodged in the Columbus jail- 
The Howard Manufacturing Company was organized for 
the purpose of building a cotton factory—building to be 
125x48 feet, five stories high, and run 5,000 spindles. Direc 
tors—Van Leonard, J. C. Cook, E. T. Taylor, Harvey Hall 
and J. I. Ridgway. President, Van Leonard; Superin 
tendent, Jonathan Bridges. The corner stone was laid on Aug. 
28th. There were two factories in active operation in Co 
lumbus at that time—the Coweta and the Columbus. 

The war with Mexico was progressing this year, and Co 
lumbus took a lively interest in the contest. A battalion of 

six companies of mounted volunteers, of which J. S. Calhoun 
had been appointed Lieutenant-Colonel, left Columbus early 
in September. Dr. J. F. Bozeman was surgeon. The com 
panies were commanded by Captains E. R. Goulding, H. Ken- 
dall, C. H. Nelson, C. A. Hamilton and W. T. Wofford. 
Colonel Calhoun was given a horse by General McDougald 
and received another from Daniel GrifSn. 

On the 26th November, Mr. Eandal Jones, an aged citizen 
of Muscogee, was thrown from his horse, near the residence 
of Judge Thomas, on the Hamilton road, and killed. 

The steamboat H. S. Smith, built in Columbus, was 
launched at the boat yard on the 27th of November. 

A. G. Smith, of Columbus, was killed near Matamoras by 
Mexicans, while, with a Mexican, he was hunting mules. 

PERSONAL. 

The officers of Columbus Fire Company No. 1 for this 
year, were R A. Ware, President; H. T. Hall, Foreman; 
Wm. Snow, Assistant Foreman; J. B. Strupper, Treasurer; 
V. H. Cady, Secretary. 

The Georgia M. E. Conference appointed Eev. A. J. Wig- 
gins, Presiding Elder of the Columbus District, and Eev. 
Jesse Boring as pastor at Columbus. 

On Tuesday, August 17th, the Columbus Guards reorgan 
ized and elected, S. A. Bailey, Captain ; John E. Da vis, 1st 
Lieutenant; E. Ellis, 2d Lieutenant; Joseph King, 3d Lieu 
tenant ; W. C. Hodges, 4th Lieutenant; Sergeants—W. G. 
Andrews 1st, Erastus Eeed 2d, F. J. Abbott 3rd, J. M. 
Hughes 4th; Corporals—J. E. Ivey 1st, A. Ellis 2d, P. 
Alston 3rd, John King 4th ; James Hamilton, Secretary and 
Treasurer; T. Schoonmaker, Quartermaster. John E. Davis, 
on account of business, declined the captaincy and also the 
position of 1st Lieutenant. John Forsyth was then elected 
1st Lieutenant. 

In October, E. T. Marks was elected Senator, and John 
Bethune and N. L. Howard, Representatives of Muscogee. 

 24 

MARRIAGES. 

DEATHS. 

25 

They were the Whig candidates. The following county offi 
cers were elected: Sheriff', Col. A. S. Kutherford ; Clerk Su 
perior Court, Major E. J. Hardin; Clerk Inferior Court, 
Eobt. Mitchell; Tax Collector, J. W. Edwards; Eeceiver, D. 
J. Bees ; Coroner, G. B. C. Terry. 

The Columbus Enquirer, 'Columbus Times, and Muscogee 
Democrat were the papers published in Columbus. 

MARRIAGES. 

• January 3—Benjamin A. Berry and Mahala A. O'Neal. Jan. 7, Stephen A. 
Doles and Mary Ann E. Hazelton, Anderson Williams and Mary Ann Smith. 
Jan. 11, Madison T. Key and Samantha Maddux, Barney Mullany and Ann 
Putuarn. Jan. 21, George W. Cowdery and Rosa E. Purple. Jan. 28, Pat 
rick Holehau and Samantie Boraw. 

February 9—Carter Newson and Lucy Ann Smith. Feb. 13, Jno. \V. 
Harned and Josephine Kobinson. Feb. 21, Win. H. Griswold and Mary E. 

Andrews. 

March 8—Jno. K. Garrett and Martha Ann Garrett. March 11, Simon 
Sartwell and Mary Ann Moore. March 18, Thos. C. Hill and Sarah T. Pool. 
March 23, Itobert H. Boon and Sarah Ann Brown. March 26, Mandley W. 
Ellisoii and Sarah Gilbert. March 28, Harvey Matthews and Eleanor Carr. 

April 1—Jeremiah Cox and Rebecca Knowles, William W. Townsend and 
Lucinda A. Richardson, Thos. J. Pool and Martha E. Shippey. April 8, 
William Marler and Sileta Maddox, William J. Bradley and Susan Dillard, 
Edmond McGlawn and Martha Irvin Tullis. April 15, James Barlow and 
Frances Tomblin. April 18, Lawrence Lines and Ellen Octavia Bugbee. 
April 27, David Fountain and Eliza McCardel. April 29, Uriah Helms and 
Martha Foster, John C. Wellborn and Mary A. Pease. 

May 5—Hardy B. Carraway and Virginia C. Burton.. May 6, Bartley M. 
Cox and Lucy H. Watt. May 9, Franklin Kewberry and Policy Ann Williams. 
May 10, John T. Copeland and Mary F. Cox. May 11, William Whatsoy 
and Elizabeth Renfroe. May 1C, James Brunette and Louisa Matilda Gilley. 
May 19, Win. Henry Chambers and Ann Lane Flewellen. May 20, 
John Young and Salina Cowart. May 23, John Mack and Martha Bagley. 
May 27, Henry Turnage and Jane Elizabeth Armstrong. May 30, Jno. W. 
Boland and Elizabeth Darden, Liornel H. Tarrter and Louisa M. Bryan. 

June 3—Jeremiah E. Langford and Mary Jane Jackson. June 8, Lerry 0. 
Mims and Salitha Ann Killian, Littleberry B. Phillips and Mrs. Mary A. Pru- 
ett, Andrew Jackson Welch and Margaret Elizabeth Rogers. June 13, Geo. 
H. Sims and Sandal Webb, Robt. D. Greene and Elizabeth L. Coleman. 
June Ifi, Silas R. Brown and Sarah A. E. Jones. June 22, Wesley Boyd and 
Elizabeth Hall. June 27, William Thomas and Amanda Foster. June 29, 
William McElrath and Nancy Artimus Mass. 

July 1—George W. Welch and Nancy B. McNeil. July 2, James M. Halley 
and Margaret Dvinn. July 11, Samuel J. Crow andFrauces Elizabeth Owens. 
July 13, John T. Decker and Lurauy C. Chapman. 

August 1—Patrick Gillespia and Fredericka N. Alhrieht. Aug. 3, Samuel 
Watkins and Betsy B. McCall. Aug. 15, Jepthah H. Clements and Elizabeth 
A McDonald. Aug. 19, Uriah Williams and Nancy Johnson, Jas. E. Broad- 
nax and Martha Watkins. Aug. 26, John W. Perry and Lovey L. John. 
- Aug. 29, Major LeGrand Guerry and Rhoda Amelia Cook. Aug. 31, Seaton 
Ira Clark and Mary Jane Burt. 

September 8—Thomas W. Christian and Mary Jane Greer. Sept. 12, 
Charles Beck and Emily Wilson. Sept. 16, Michael W. Whitman and Mary 
Adams, William P. May and Nancy A. F. Pace. Sept. 23, Thomas Wilson 
Blackburn and Elizabeth Susan Kirkpatrick. Sept. 26, Reuben Leggit andPer- 
silla Lunsford, Amos Hicks and Martha Colyer. Sept. 30, William Maxey 
and Mary Field. 

October 7—Joseph West and Elizabeth A. Parkman. Oct. 12, Woody A. 
Moor and Mary E. Paramore. Oct. 14, George W. Hvinter and Margaret 
Elder. Oct. 17, Augustus L. Edwards and Susan E. Rockmore. Oct. 21, 
Robert Garven and Louisa Gass. Oct. 31, Jacob Parker and Nancy Davie. 

November 7—Alien Whntley and Eliza Jane Blackman. Nov. 11, Francis 
Kromer and Mary O'Conner. Nov. 18, Joshua Wilson and Mary Ann Murry. 
Nov. 25, Barnabas Cook and Dorcas Hicks. Nov. 30, John Henry Mealing 
and Martha Burt. 

December 2—Alsey Dean and Eliza Weaver, Harvey King and Sarah A. 
Butt. Dec. 5, Jno. W. Wood and Kepsey Ann Hall. Dec. 7, Hezekiah W. 
Edwards and Ann H. Harrison. Dec. 14, Isaac W. Orr and Eliza Santhall. 
Dec. 16, John Key and Susan Parkman. Dec. 21, Peter K. Edgar and Harriet 
E. Brenizer. Dec. 22, John Johnson and Sarah Motley. Dec. 23, David R. 
Snell and Parmilla Ann Mullin, Alien W. Sanders and Elizabeth Perry. 
Dec. 25, William Helms and Nancy Stearns. Dec. 26, Enoch Willett and 
Martha Ann P. Williams. Dec. 28, Richard A. Warner and Amanda D. 
Terry. Dec. 30, Laban C. Pool, and Mrs. Jane Needham, John H. 
Massey and Caroline Johnson, Calvin Hilliard and Julia Ann Bell. 

DEATHS. 

Jan. 5—Mrs. Thomas Morris, daughter of William Ragland. 

Dec. 27, 1846—Littleton Atkinson, aged 29 years. 

February—Ebenezer C. Chandler. Feb. 29—Mrs. John Hazleton, aged 21 
years. Feb. 22—John Dicken, aged 40 years. 

March 23—Mrs Milly Bryant. 

April 18—At Col. Rinks' Wynnton residence, Mrs. Josephine, wife of 
J'«Ige Hawkrns, aged 33 years. 

May 1—Mrs. Mary Eugenia Downing. May 13—Mrs. A. P. Reynolds, 
aged 43 years. May 23—J. C. McGibony, aged 51 years. 

June 26—Nathan Seymour, of Apalachicola, aged 65 years. June—R. B. 
*e, late member Georgia Light Infantry in Mexico. 

 26 

THE CITY ELECTION. 

MUSCOGEB RAIL ROAD. 

27 

July 10—Mr. Thomas Kimbrough, aged 60, "and Mrs. B., wife of A. M. 
Kimbrough, of Muscogee county. 

Aug. 2—"Wrn. Henry, son of J. N. and Lucy A. Barnett, aged one year 
and seven days. Aug. 6—Henry Matthews, a native of England, but many 
years a citizen of this State, aged 16 years. 

Sept. 5—Joseph A., infant son of S. C. Lindsay, aged 11 years. Sept. 7— 
Mrs. Cynthia Bagan, aged 60 years. Sept. 15—Mrs. Lemuel Cherry, aged 
32 years. Sept. 2v—Joseph Grimes, aged 56 years. 

1848. 

New Fire Company—Muscogee Rail Road Subscription Rati 
fied—Trades, Professions, &c. 

Under an amendment of the charter, the citizens this year, 
for the first time, elected the Marshal, Deputy Marshal, 
Treasurer and Clerk. The election was held on the first of 
January, and resulted as follows: Mayor, S. W. Flournoy; 
Aldermen—1st Ward, W. Y. Barden, W. S. Holstead; 2d 
Ward, Harvy Hall; 3d Ward, Jno. Johnson, Joseph Brooks; 
5th Ward, S. E. Andrews, Lewis C. Alien; 6th Ward, B. F. 
Coleman; Marshal, J. M. Hughes; Deputy Marshal, George 
Gullen; Treasurer, E. H. Green; Clerk, Calvin Stratton. No 
choice was made at this election for one Alderman each in 
the 2d and 6th Wards, and two in the 4th. Subsequently, 
J. A. L. Lee was elected to the vacancy in the 2d Ward; P. 
A. Clayton of the 4th, and Wm. E. Jones of the 6th, Col. 
Wm. M. Lee of the 4th. 

Council elected A. G. Foster, City Attorney, Dr.^Thos. 
Hoxey, City Physician ; Wm. W. Martin, Bridge Keeper > 
Jerry Terry, Sexton; B. Weeks, Clerk of Market; B. In 
gram, Hospital Keeper. Board of Health—Dr. T. W. Grimes, 
President; Joseph King and G. W. Turrentine," of First 
Ward; S. A.Billing and John Kyle, of Second; Joseph Kyle 
and Mansfield Torrence, of Third; D. McArthur and J. W. 
Frost, of Fourth; J. Kivlin and J. L. Morton, of Fifth; 

Joseph Wiggins and J. E. Greene, of Sixth. Port Wardens— 
LeGrande S. Wright, C. E. Minis, B. F. Malone, T. M. Ho- 
gan, H. T. Greenwood. 

Clerk of Council was paid $400; Marshals $500 each; 
Treasurer $600; Clerk of Market $150; Bridge Keeper 
$600; City Physician $260. 

Vigilant Fire Company No. 2 was organized this year, and 
the Fire Department of Columbus was organized by the 
election of H. T. Hall as Chief Engineer, and B. J. Matthews 
Assistant. The following were the officers of the two com 
panies constituting the Department: Of Columbus No. 1, E. 
A. Ware was President; W. Foster, Foreman; I. G. Strap 
per, Assistant; J. D. Johnson, Secretary; E. H. Greene, 
Treasurer. No. 2, E. H. Taylor, President; L. T. Woodruff, 
Foreman; E. T. Brice, Assistant; John H. Davis, Secretary; 
E. Patten, Treasurer. 

The corner stone of Odd Fellows' Hall, near the corner of 
Oglethorpe and St. Glair streets, was laid on the 29th of 
January. 

On the 2d of February, Council, in accordance with an 
agreement entered into with the officers of the Muscogee 
Eailroad Company (John G. Winter, President,) subscribed 
for 1,500 shares in the stock of said company, with the fol 
lowing conditions: Council agreeing to pay quarterly to the 
Company $7,500. If the Directors call in stock faster than 
quarterly the city will issue 7 per cent, bonds to said Com 
pany, to be taken at par by it; provided, said Eailroad Com 
pany put the whole line, from Columbus to Barnesville, on the 
M. & W. E.E., under contract as soon as practicable, and ex 
pend the city money on the west half of said railroad ; pro 
vided, also, said company receive from citizens, for freight 
and passage, all the scrip issued by City Council—provided 
the same shall not exceed $20. Council shall not subdivide 
the annual tax. 

Subsequently the citizens, by a vote of 339 to 27, approved 

 28 

THE CITY'S TAX LEVY. 

a special railroad tax for the term of two years to meet this 
subscription, viz: 2 per cent, on real estate and J of one per 
cent. On sales of merchandise and banking business. 

J. L. Morton, John T. Walker, and Frederick Toby, were 
elected city assessors. They made a return of the census of 
the city as follows: White males, 1,701, white females 
1,543, slaves owned by residents 1,522, by non-residents 266, 
free persons of color 42—total 5,074. They reported that 
this did not include a large number of persons who did busi 
ness in the city but resided in the suburbs. 

There were 125 persons with no trade or profession, 8 cler 
gymen, 25 lawyers, 18 physicians, 6 dentists, 12 printers and 
publishers, 303 merchants and clerks, 29 brokers and factors, 
3 auction and commission merchants, 75 shopkeepers, 7 sil 
versmiths, 2 book-binders, 4 music professors, 10 bankers 
and clerks, 12 manufacturers, 6 machinists, 72 carpenters, 5 
blacksmiths, 17 wheel and carriage makers, 5 brass and iron 
founders, 46 steamboat men, 13 cabinet makers, 12 sign and 
house painters, 4 saddle and harness makers, 7 tinners, 16 
tailors, 2 gunsmiths, 16 brickmakers and plasterers, 3 bakers, 
2 coopers, 1 dyer and scourer, 1 hatter, 1 marble-cutter, 4 
artists. 

The Finance Committee reported in March that the debts 
of the city which should be paid during the year, amounted 
to $9,920, and the total necessary expenses were estimated 
at $26,100. The resources, including $9,000 from the bridge 
and $9,800 from taxes, were estimated at $21,175, showing a 
deficit of $4,925. 

Council levied the following taxes for the year: On white 
males between 12 and 60 $1 00; free males of color $6 00 ; 
on every $100 of negro slaves 25 cents ; owned outside and 
working in city 75 cents ; lawyers and physicians $4 00 ; on 
every $100 of money loaned 25 cents; merchandise 25 cents 
—excepting sugar, coffee, molasses, iron, bagging, rope or 
salt 12J cents; each negro offered for sale by trader $1 00; 

HEALTH OF THE CITY. 

29 

every $100 invested in banks 25 cents; real estate 25 cents 
on every $100 of value, &c.; and an extra railroad tax of 
2 per cent, upon real estate, for railroad purposes. 

Council elected as Fire Wardens, J. C. Kuse, 1st Ward; 
George Strapper, 2d ; Wm. K. Schley, 3rd; John B. Strup- 
per, 4th; L. W. Wells, 5th; J. M. Tarbox, 6th. 

On the night of June 21st, at 3 A. M., the livery stables of 
Hatcher, Leary & Co. were burned, with the adjacent car 
riage houses, &c., together with a large quantity of corn, 
fodder and other provender, and fifty valuable horses. The 
large building on the corner known as Shylock's Bank, as 
also the Episcopalian Church, were on fire several times but 
were put out by the fire companies, aided by citizens. Among 
the number who distinguished themselves were Mr. Hanserd 
and Capt. VanVeichton, of Apalachicola. The Enquirer 
narrowly escaped. Mr. Anderson lost his building and a 
large lot of meat, lumber and salt. Loss about $12,000. 
Hatcher & Pitts rebuilt the stables, and on the night of Sep 
tember 7th they were again burnt out, losing that time twen 
ty-one horses—making a loss of seventy-one horses burned 
in two months. 

The Telegraph lines reached Columbus in July of this year. 

Council this year adopted and had printed a new code of 
ordinances drawn up and compiled by the City Attorney and 
passed upon separately. 

On the 29th of July, Whitby Foster was elected an Alder 
man of the 5th Ward, in place of Alderman Andrews who 
had removed from that Ward; and William Amos was in 
September elected an Alderman of the 5th Ward, to fill the 
vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Whitby Foster. 

This appears to have been a sickly summer for the city. 
We learn from the sexton's report that there were 23 inter 
ments in July, and that diarrhea, measles, scarlet and other 
fevers had their victims. But the report does not give the 
names of the persons buried. In August there were 24 in- 

 30 

DEDICATION OF ODD FELLOWS' HALL. 

terments, the same disease prevailing. In September 19— 
diarrhea, scarlet fever and worms being most fatal. 

The Treasurer reported the receipts of the City Treasury 
this year $25,086 39, and the disbursements $25,079 30. The 
Treasurer also reported the payment during the year of $8,- 
963 90 of the indebtedness of the city, and that the debt at 
the close of the year was about $35,000. 

The receipts of cotton up to the 27th of May amounted to 
56,759 bales. We cannot find any report for the balance of 
the -commercial year. The quotation at that time was 4|- 
to 5J c. 

There was much excitement on account of the frequency 
of fires, believed to be incendiary, this year. Council offered 
a reward of $500 for the arrest of the incendiaries, with 
proof to convict. 

The following were quotations of produce and merchandise 
in December: Cotton 4| to 5^c., bagging 22 to 25c. per 
yard, candles—sperm 35c. per pound, tallow 18 to 20c., 
coffee—Rio 8 to 9c., Java 12^c., molasses 28 to 30c., corn 35 
to 40c., lard 7 to 8c., fodder 50 to 60c., wheat 80c. to $1, 
whiskey 27 to 30c., American brandy 45 to 50c., cogniac $3 
to $4, salt $2 per sack, brown sugar 7 to 10c., loaf 12f c., nails 
5 to 6c., meal 45c., bacon sides and shoulders 5 to 6c., hams 
8 to 10 cents. 

INCIDENTS. 

Council rented the Columbus fisheries to M. N". Clark for 
the years 1849, 1850 and 1851, and by him they were let to 
N. P. Foster. 

An intelligent Mexican youth who accompanied Col. J. S. 
Calhoun on his return from the war, was drowned while 
bathing in the river on Sunday, August 27th. His body was 
recovered. 

During October, Dr. T. W. Grimes, President of the Board 
of Health, reported the death of 13 whites and 5 blacks. 

The Odd Fellow's new Hall was dedicated on Friday, Nov. 

MARRIAGES. 

31 

17th. Col. S. R. Blake, of Macon, delivered the address. A 
supper was given at night by the ladies for the benefit of the 
Odd Fellow's Institute. Admission $1 50. 

On December 26th, the wooden building owned by Mrs. 
Shorter, and adjoining her residence on Broad street, was 
burned. 

PERSONAL. 

Amos & Jones, Richard Roberson, James Schuyler, John 
D. Arnold, Gittinger & Barschall, had stalls in the market. 

Grigsby E. Thomas, Marshall J. Wellborn, Kennith Mc- 
Kenzie, A. H. Flewellen and Wm. Amos were Trustees of 
the Muscogee Asylum for the Poor. 

Wm. F. Serrell was elected surveyor of Columbus by 
Council. 

R Sims, Wiley Williams, Hon. W. T. Colqmtt, R. H. 
Clark, Willis A. Hawkins, Hon. M. J. Wellborn, Benj. W. 
Clark, J. C. Mounger and Thos. C. Speer were admitted to 
practice law in the Supreme Court in July. 

Charles J. Williams was Solicitor General; E. J. Hardin, 
Clerk of the Court; R. B. Alexander, Judge. 

The Grand Jury for the fall term consisted of Lock 
Weems, Foreman, B. A. Sorsby, J. H. Butt, Robert Boyd, 
Jacob Parker, Amos Schumpert, James B. Hicks, John Quin, 
V. R. Tommey, J. M. Read, J. M. Cook, W. A. Chisolm, 
Robert Carter, Dozier Thornton, J. B. Baird, H. J. Eelbeck, 
Jonathan Bridges, W. M. Jepson, J. J. Jackson and George 
W. Jones. 

The stockholders of the Muscogee Railroad elected as 
Directors, J. H. Howard, R. S. Hardaway, R A. Ware, R. B. 
Alexander, S. A. Bailey, Harvey Hall, Jas. Wimberly. The 
Board elected J. H. HoVard President. 
MARRIAGES. 

January 7—Wm. H. Edwards and Sarah Cureton. Jan. 9, Bobert W. Wind- 
tarn and Tabitha Smith. Jan. ll, Joeiah J. Howell and Frances Jane Harris, 
John W. Pease and Jane Ann Norman. Jan. 13, Leonard P. Nelson and 
Catharine Welch, Anderson B. Nelson and Sarah Welch. Jan. 20, Eev. 

 82 

MARRIAGES. 

Oliver K. Blue and Ann E. Howard. Jan. 21, Granville L. Kobiuette and 
Cinthia J. Rees. Jan. 27, Chas. S. Harrison and Lucy E. Sturgis. Jan. 30, 
William W. Barbaree and Sealy Dillard. 

February 2—Oscar V. Brown and Martha W. Kimbrough. Feb. 5, Henry 
Jones and Martha Bradford. Feb. 11, Win. Freeman and Adaline Dunning. 
Feb. 17, William H. Alford and Eliza Webb, Abraham Staton and Julia A. 
Taylor. Feb. 19, Greene Taylor and Mary Ann Tellis. Feb. 27, William 
Miles and Martha Lindsey, John Barbarra and Christian Hereubee. 

March 1—Jabez Hainlin Whittelsey and Emily Ann Schley. March 2, 
Jolm B. Vickery and Priscilla Johnson. March 5, Howell Heti and Lucinda 
Pitch. March 7, John Martin and Susan Kite, Joseph Brunson and Ann E. 
Carthidge. March 9, Christian N. Pike and Maranda A. Webb. March 14, 
Wm. Alien and Nancy Haster. March 16, Nathan Miller and Narcissa 
Burren. March 19, Eichard Williams and Mary Ann McGuist. March 26, 
James J. Ritch and Jane Fountain. March 22, Francis D. Oliver and Mary 
Hand. March 23, Kichard K. Davis and Mary E. Twilley. March 30, Sam'1 
C. Dodson and Elizabeth C. Duncan. 

April 10—James Griffin and Martha Rogers. April 18, Joseph S. Vickery 
and Sarah M. Johnson. April 29, Mathew Knight and Epsy Phillips. 

May 4—William Hill and Eliza Bryley. May 8, Alonza Balsh and Eliza 
Caroline McClain. 

June 1—Samuel Weaver and Nancy Roberts. June 7, Stephen S. Brooks 
and Nancy A. Hunley. June 15, James Morgan and Kebecca E.' Coffee. 
June 22, Elijah T. Willis and Mary Ann Dillman. June 28, James S. Collins 
and Mary Jane Hfl.mil. June 29, Jasper Jones and Mary Bush. 

July 1—Samuel Aenchbacker and Rebecca Owens. July 2, Daniel A. 
Woolbright and Martha E. Woolbright. July 9, Benjamin Bryant and Cath 
arine Wilson. July 11, Alexander H. Cooper and Eliza C. Harris. July 25, 
Kobert D. Cos and Eliza A. Cox. 

August 10—Harrison Gresham and Nancy Wooton, Benjamin Harvey and 
Mary E. Cox. August 22, Dr. Alexander L. Martin and Mrs. Elizabeth M. 
Dart. August 24, Young E. Walters and Susannah Smith, Michael S. 
Walters and Winnifred Majors. 

September 3—Wm. E. Cox and Sarah Ann Margaret Reighley. September 
4, William Williams and Elizabeth Wiley. Sept. 6, John Hamilton and Ann 
M. Jefferson, Samuel Caldwell and Eliza Brown, David W. Hooks and Ma 
tilda Catharine Walters. Sept. 7, Elza C. Grant and Nancy Hayes. Sept. 
13, David K. Tant and Martha Ann Bounds. Sept. 14, Roswell Ellis and 
Frances A. Mangham, John H. Davis and Martha Ann Calhoun, John S. 
Vanpitt and Sarah A. Burnett, John R. Presley and Matilda Driscoll. 

October 3—William Ryall and Louisa Baggett. Oct. 15, Nathan H. Short 
and Malinda Weaver. Oct. 17, James B. Ayres and Eliza Ann Lamb. Oct. 
22, William B. Stephens and Sarah M. McMichael. Oct. 29, Claudius S. 
Lawhon and Ann Jane Bonnell. 

PROGRESS OF THE CITY. 

33 

November 2—John King and Mary Ann Conner. Nov. 3, David Averett 
and Mary A. Thompson. Nov. 4, William Miller and Caroline Greene. Nov. 
6, John Hurst and Augusta Ann Whipple. Nov. 12, William Champion and 
Bethany Austin. Nov. 18, George W. Robinson and Ann E. Wood. Nov. 21, 
Enoch J. Wall and Elizabeth Stringer. Nov. 22, Edward W. Suvell and 
Maria S. Chapman. Nov. 23, Joel Williams and Eliza Wiley. 

December 3—Wiley M. Reeves and Elizabeth Kent. Dec. 6, Whitman C. 
Alford and Phebe Jane Sammis, James W. Smith and Mary A. Hines, Alien 
Cowart and Frances A. E. Comer. Dec. 7, Gillum Carpenter and Martha 
Ann Chase. Dec. 8, Wiley Wamach and Jane Pike. Dec. 13, Eaton P. 
Miller and Cinthia McVay. Dec. 14, Francis Marion Christopher and Sarah 
Salina Boyd. Dec. 20, James Howard and Eveline White. Dec. 21, Kich 
ard M. Gray and Mary J. W. Hayes. Dec. 26, William T. Shippey and 
Elizabeth A. Pool. 

DEATHS. 

February 25—Mrs. Ebenade Adams. 

March 8—Captain Moses Butt. March 10 —Mrs. Elizabeth Griswold. 
March 16—Dr. Iddo Ellis. 

April 3—Mrs. Caroline Dunn. April 13—Thomas M., infant son of Thos. 
M. Hogan. April 29—Fanny Blount, infant daughter of Rev. Thos. B. Slade. 
April 30—Horace, infant son of W. H. Griswold. 

May 19—Mrs. Mary Ann, wife of Michael Kelly. 

June 1—Ann Elizabeth, infant daughter of William Perry. June 2—Thos. 
Hoxie, Jr. June 10—Evans Wimberly (of Florida.) June 11—Charles 
Augustus, infant sou of George W. Hardwick. June 21—Rev. Thomas 
Goulding, Pastor of the Presbyterian Church. June 23—Miss Eliza J. Redd. 

July 2—Alexander J., son of John Hunley. -July 17—Mary Dillard, infant 
daughter of James Kivlin. July 20—George Pendleton, infant son of 
Richard Hooper ; Mrs. Eliza J. Barden, wife of Wm. Y. Barden. July 25— 
Mary Jane, daughter of Neil G. Smith. 

Sept. 7—Henry C. McKendree; and on the 9th, Caroline Eliza McKendree 
—children of John J. McKendree. Sept. 15—Washington Irving, infant son 
of Joseph E. Webster. Sept. 19—William Frederick, son of G. E. Thomas. 
Sept. 24—Col. Thomas F. Foster. 

Oct. 3—James Franklin Kees. Oct. 23—Miss Mary Jane, daughter of 
John Lloyd. 

Nov. 8—Joseph Alexander (of Pennsylvania.) Nov. 27, Jeremiah Thornton. 

1849. 

A Year of Manufacturing and Hail Boad Enterprises. 

The Enquirer of the 2d of January opened the new year 
with the expression of sanguine hopes for the future of Co- 

 34 

CITY OFFICIALS FOR THE YEAR. 

TWO FIRES EARLY IN THE YEAR. 

35 

lumbus, and a brief reference to some improvements then in 
progress. We copy the article, mainly to show the condition 
at that time of enterprises since completed, as we are still 
far from the realization of the anticipations of the paper: 

OUK CITY—ITS PBOSPEOTS—RAILBOAD—CAPITAL—MANTTFACTUBES, &o.— 
At the commencement of the new year we look at home and around us with 
lively hopes and expectations of the future. 

The Muscogee Railroad is now fairly on the progress of construction, not 
upon paper, but mer ground. Suffice it to say, that the capital and energy 
now brought to this work can accomplish anything. 

Our Factory improvements are going up beyond our most sanguine expec 
tations, and their success is equaling the most sanguine anticipations of those 
engaged in them. All that is wanting to make our city not only the Lowell 
of the South, but of the United States, is capital, and that is rapidly tending 
towards it. 

Col. Parish Carter, long and favorably known to the people of Georgia, 
not only as a large capitalist, but as a man of great caution and prudence, 
has now near completion one of the largest class of Factory buildings, and 
it is said intends immediately to erect another. In these it is his purpose to 
employ slave labor, thus diverting a portion of this from the production to 
the manufacture of our great staple. [Slaves were not employed in this 
Factory.] 

We learn with much pleasure that this is now his place of residence. A 
few more citizens of the same sort, and of similar means and confidence in 
the value of investments here, and we mean what we say, that more cotton 
can and will be manufactured at and near Columbus than at any other point 
in the Union. 

The municipal election in January resulted in the choice of 
Samuel W. Flournoy as Mayor, and the following Aldermen: 
W. Y. Barden and W. S. Holstead, 1 st Ward; Harvey Hall 
and J, A. Lee, 2d; J. B. Brooks and T. K. Wynne, 3d ; P. A. 
Clayton and M. Woodruff, 4th; L. C. Alien and F. A. Jepson, 
5th; F. M. Brooks and A. A. Dill, 6th. 

E. H. Greene was elected City Treasurer; C. Stratton, 
Clerk; J. M. Hughes, Marshal; George Gullen, Deputy 
Marshal. 

Council, at its first meeting, elected David Gunn, Clerk of 
the Market; Wm. W. Martin, Bridge keeper; B. Ingram, 
Hospital keeper; Jere Terry, Sexton ; E. D. S. Bell, City 
Attorney; Joseph King, L. M. Durr, N. M. C. Eobison, John 

Kyle, Joseph Kyle, Dr. J. J. Boswell, E. E. Goetchius, Wm. 
Mathewson, J. L. Morton, John Wooten, J. M. Tarbox and 
A. J. Abbott, Health Officers; Josiah Morris, T. M. Hogan, 
L. S. Wright, Daniel McArthur and B. F. Malone, Port 
Wardens. 

The contract system for crossing the bridge was continued 
to regular passers. 

At its meeting on the 9th of January, Council elected John 
C. Euse, Wm. K. Schley, V. H. Cady, J. B. Strapper, L. W. 
Wells and. B. F. Coleraan, Fire Wardens. Dr. Thos. Hoxey 
was elected City Physician and President of the Board of 
Health. 

An ordinance was passed in January, requiring the Mayor 
to hold a Mayor's Court on Tuesday of each week, and often- 
er if necessary, and authorizing him to inflict such fines and 
penalties upon offenders as he may deem just and proper, not 
exceeding the limits defined by law. The Mayor's salary to 
be $500 a year. 

In February Council appropriated $1,000 to the Fire De 
partment, for the purchase of a new fire engine, contingent 
on the raising of an equal amount by the citizens for the 
same purpose. 

The Committee on Finance reported on the 13th of March : 
The city receipts from January 14th, 1848, to December 
30th, were $25,086 39, and expenses $25,079 30, leaving a 
balance of $7 09. City owed about $35,000 exclusive of in 
terest, the principal items of which are loan account to John 
G. Winter $16,000; debt to State $3,500, [collection sus 
pended until 1850;] bonds issued for city bills $3,500; city 
bills outstanding $8,000. Of the $7,500 of railroad tax 
asked for by the Muscogee Eailroad Company only $1,366 53 
had been collected. 

By a fire on the 17th of February, the large two-story 
building on the northwest corner of Broad and Bandolph 
streets was burned. The building was occupied by Malone 

 86 

COLOKED CHUECH ON EAST COMMONS. 

INCIDENTS. 

37 

& Hudson as a wholesale dry goods and grocery store; by 
Mr. Simons as a provision store, and by Dr. Woodruff as an 
office. 

Another fire occtirred on the 3d of April. The stables of 
Messrs. Mustian & Mott, with a large quantity of feed for 
their stock, were destroyed. They saved their horses, 
stages, &c. 

Bobt. H. Greene having resigned the office of City Treas 
urer, Hezekiah Noble was in May elected to that position. 

Council, on the 14th and 26th of May, adopted an ordi 
nance atithorizing the issue of bonds to the amount of 
$150,000, in discharge of the subscription of stock to the 
Muscogee Railroad Company. 

Wiley Williams was in June elected an Alderman of the 
5th Ward, vice Lewis C. Alien, resigned. 

The " Columbtis Factory " Company was incorporated this 
year, the location of the Factory to be three or fotir miles 
above Columbus, on the river. The leading corporators were 
Charles D. Stewart, J. Fontaine, J. E. Clapp, Henry D. Meigs 
and George Stewart. 

Col. Winter's flotiring mills were completed and com 
menced grinding this year, and a contract was made for the 
building of Temperance Hall. The corner stone of the latter 
was laid on the 22d of December. The Masons, Odd Fellows, 
Sons of Temperance and Cadets took part. Prayer was 
offered by Eev. J. E. Dawson, of the Baptist Church. Judge 
G. E. Thomas delivered the address, and Eev. Dr. Cams, of 
the Episcopal Church, made the closing prayer. James Kiv- 
lin was chief marshal of the day. Capt. P. T. Sehley con- 
dticted the laying of the stone according to the rites and 
ctistoms of the Masonic fraternity. 

The Eock Island Mill, a short distance above the city, on 
the river, commenced making paper this year. 

Atithority was given by Cotincil this year, to the Trustees 
of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Columbus, to build a 

church for the negroes of that denomination on the east com' 
mon. Opposition was made in Cotincil, and an application 
by a property holder in that vicinity for an injunction to re 
strain it as a nuisance, was refused by the Superior Cotirt. 
The location selected was opposite the sotith corner of St. 
Glair and Mercer streets. • > 
In September, after the failure of a proposition that the 
city should do the work, authority was given to Messrs. 
Greenwood, Etise, Patten & Brice, H. S. Smith & Co., and E. 
r( M. Gunby, to build a plank road from the warehmise of H. S. 
Smith & Co., to the city wharf, for the hauling of cotton, &c. 
We cannot find a full report of the deaths in the city for 
' the whole year. The Sexton's reports for the months named 
show the following interments: May, eight whites and three 
blacks; June and July, thirteen whites and nine blacks; 
Atigtist, ten whites and ten blacks; September, nine whites 
and three blacks ; October, nine whites and two blacks. 

The receipts of cotton to the 7th of May amounted to 66,- 
738 bales. We cannot find any report for the balance of the 
^j season. Prices opened in Jamiary at 4J to 6 cents, which 
qtiotations were btit little varied dtiring the spring. In Sep 
tember the qtiotations were 8J to 9J cents, and in December 
9 to 9J cents. •>.,'-. 

INCIDENTS. 

The gin factory of E. T. Taylor was removed from Girard 
to Columbus. 'I1 

The steamer Viola, Captain Van Vechten, sunk on her 
downward passage, at the head of Snake shoals, on February 
16th. Cargo saved; boat, owned by commander, was a total 
loss. 

February 22d was celebrated by the Columbus; and City 
Light Guards—the first commanded by Captain Forsyth, -and 
the last by Lieutenant Stanford, and the battalion by the 
senior Captain, A. H. Cooper. Splendid ball at Concert Hall 
at night. 

Ex-President James K. Polk reached Columbus on March 

4 

 88 

EX-PRESIDENT FOLK'S VISIT—PERSONAL. 

15th. A large crowd accompanied him from General Lowe's 
residence, in Harris county. He was conveyed into the city 
in a carriage drawn by four horses, preceded by a band of 
music. His wife and nieces followed in a carriage drawn by 
four gray horses. At the Court-house he was welcomed by 
Colonel Seaborn Jones, to which he briefly replied. After 
wards he was escorted to the residence of Judge Colquitt. 
Colonel Mangham, the proprietor, gave a big dinner at the 
Oglethorpe House with toasts and speeches. The ladies gave 
a supper in Council' Chamber to Mrs. Polk and her nieces. 
Rain kept many away. 

On Monday, May 28th, the steamboat Emily burst a boiler 
just as she was about leaving her wharf at Apalachicola-r- 
only two or three revolutions of her wheel had taken place. 
There was a full cargo and thirty-five persons on board. 
Wm. Magner, the watchman, and two negroes were scalded 
to death, and a white boy named Clark and two negroes were 
drowned. Several other persons were injured. 

The first bale of new cotton was brought in on the 16th of 
August by Robert Laney—quality, good middling—brought 
ten cents; stored with Greenwood & Gray. 

Master W. Park, aged 16 years, son of the late Dr. Ezekiel 
E. Park, of Alabama, was killed September 15th, by the acci 
dental discharge of his gun, near Columbus. 

PERSONAL. 

Henry T. Hall was Chief Engineer of the Fire Department, 
and B. J. Matthews Assistant. James D. Johnson was Secre 
tary of Fire Company No. 1, and Richard Patten of Fire 
Company No. 2. 

John Johnson, Lewis C. Alien, Wiley Williams, Asa Pond 
and Kenneth McKenzie were Trustees of the Asylum for the 
Poor. 

Market stalls were rented this year to Mr. Schuyler, Philip 
Gittinger, Richard Robison, Wm. R. Jones, and J. D. Arnold, 
leaving several stalls unrented. The aggregate rents for 
those rented were $209 a year. 

GRAND JURIES FOR THE YEAR. 

39 

John Forsyth was Postmaster of Columbus the first part 
of this year, and J. A. L. Lee for the balance of the year. 

Wm. F. Serrell was City Surveyor. Miles G. Pope was 
jailor of the county. 

The county elected as Justices of the Inferior Court, A. G. 
Foster, J. Wimberly, S. R. Andrews, J. M. Renfroe and T. A. 
Brannon. Tax Receiver, D. J. Reese. Tax Collector, H. J. 
Smith. 

The following Magistrates were chosen : J. E. Webster and 
Col. John Quinn for the Lower Town District, with Brown and 
Ligon as Bailiffs, and J. J. McKendree and J. L. Howell for 
the Upper Town District, with Lloyd and Nix, Bailiffs. 

John Forsyth, Esq., retired from the editorial control of the 
Columbus Times, and was succeeded by Gen. James N. Be- 
thune. The former had been editor of the paper for seven 
years. 

The Methodist Conference, at Augusta, assigned Lovick 
Pierce as Presiding Elder of the Columbus District, and Sam 
uel Anthony to the pastorate of St. Luke Church, and Harry 
H. McQueen to the colored charge. 

The grand jury of the May Term was composed of Kenneth 
McKenzie, foreman, John Mullins, S. J. Hatcher, John Jock- 
mass, R C. Shorter, LeGrand S. Wright, Peter Farrar, J. P. 
Illges, A. L. Grant, J. J. McKendree, Michael Woodruff, R. 
S. Stockton, J. H. Kirvin, G. A. Norris, A. M. Walker, P. A. 
Clayton, D. F. Willcox, R. P. Spencer. Charles J. Williams 
was Solicitor General, E. J. Hardin, Clerk, and R. B. Alex 
ander, Judge. 

The second panel of the Grand Jury of Muscogee County 
was composed of J. C. Cook, foreman, J. T. Niles, Ed. Bird- 
song, Benj. Jefferson, F. Toby, J. A. Urquhart, L. S. Wright, 
Aaron Fergurson, Van Leonard, Asa Pond, Theobold How 
ard, E. C. Bowen, W. J. Ridgill, Asa Lynch, Daniel McAr- 
thur, W. E. Jones, J. K. Redd, R. P. Spencer. 

 40 

MARRIAGES. 

MARRIAGES—DEATHS. 

41 

January 3—Robert L. Dent and Elizabeth Williams. Jan. 11, Hugh Pey- 
ton Robinson and Mary Emeline Garrett, Thomas Berge and Sarah Hay. 
Jan. 18, James T. Flewellen, Esq., and Henrietta H. Fontaine, William 
Stephens and Sarah Ann Briley. Jan. 25, Elisha P. Greer and Martha F. 
Baugh, William H. Long and Mary A. Faulkenbury, Lemuel A. Green and 
Mary E. Day. Jan. 27, Felix M. Harris and Martha Dunn. Jan. 28, William 
O. Nickleson and Martha E. Leggett. 

February 4—Septamus W. Dalton'and Maria N. Odora. Feb. 5, Burton 
Bartwell and Harriet S. Peacock. Feb. 6, James B. Wells and C. A. M. 
Adams. Feb. 11, Loveless S. Ginn and Martha Elizabeth Henry. Feb. 18, 
John Pettiss .and Elizabeth Bius. Feb. 28, James Vernoy and Mary E. 
Lawrence. • 

March 1—Robert B. Helmes and Louisa J. Parramore. March 11, Henry 
Kent and Mary Ann Jones. March 29, Hugh G. Ivey andMargaret E. Hinton. 

April 4—Geo. W. Richardson and Lucy L. Wood. April 10, Moses Land 
and Salina Huckaby. April 17, Dr. Jos. Jones and Cornelia C. Bethune. 

May 1—Thos. Schley and Eliza E. Greene. May 8, John M. Whigham and 
Mary Ann S. Majors. May 9, Alexander A. Lowther and Mary C. Shaaf. 
May 10, John Williams and Nancy J. Glawn. May 16, John W. Solomon 
and Elizabeth J. Covington. May 20, Jeremiah Culpepper and Elizabeth 
Rowell. May 23, Rhisa Jones and Luciuda Cobb. May 27, Lemuel Cherry, 
Esq., and Emeline Gunn. May 29, John J. Hickey and Ann S. Prince. 
May 30, Francis M. Doles and Mary F. Jones. 

June 6—James G. Bourt, Esq., and Lucy Ann Spear.' June 10, Daniel 
Fry and Clara Turner, Stephen Bedsale and Harriet Averett. June 11, Eze- 
kiel Cooper and Matilda Graves. June 15, Jesse W. Alien and Frances 
Odom. June 16, Wm. H. Griswold and Caroline M. Andrews. June 21. 
William Taylor and Tabitha McNaughton. June 24, Francis Searls and 
MaMna Terry. 

July 3—William Hally and Ann Wood. July 15, Richard D. Sizemore and 
Mary M. Revel. July 25, William T. Sparks and Jane Morman. July 28, 
Phillip Jacobs and Mary Jordan. 

August 5—Henry B. Treadwell and Martha Holmes. Aug. 7, Enoch Dud 
ley and Martha D. Harris. Aug. 9, James M. Cobb and Susan I. Cobb. 
Aug. 13, John A. Sutton and Rebecca Williams. Aug. 22, Perry E. Wim- 
berly and Martha E. Christmas. 

Sept. 5—Henry Roan and Ann Worsham. Sept. 31, William E. Adams 
and Elizabeth A. Everett. 

October 9—Samuel H. Wiley and Sarah E. Games. Oct. 18, Levi Smith 
and Mary Ann Spears. Oct. 28, John Dees and Nancy Price. 

November 8—George Hungerford and Cornelia F. Pond, Dawson A. McRae 
and Lucy C. Turrentine, James Boland and Elizabeth Culpepper. Nov. 20, 
John H. Lee and Sophronia E. -Walker, Thomas A. Gammell and Mary Odora. 
Nov. 22, Thomas S. Hays and Margaret F. Robinson. Nov. 27, Lewis S. 
Mitchell and Frances J. Daniel. Nov. 28, John A. Johnston and Elizabeth 

A. Saul. Nov. 29, Samuel A. Whigham and Sarah A. Lawson, Charles P. 
King and Susan Browa. 

December 6—Bartlett W. Whitehurst and Nancy A. Ennis, William N. 
King and Mary A. Covington, Nehemiah Stephens and Eliza McCullers. 
Dec. 7, Lemuel T. Downing and Caroline L. TJrquhart. Dec. 9, James J. 
Todd and Elizabeth Decker. Dec. 12, John Culbertson and Elizabeth Sim- 
mons, Riley F. Ray and Frances P. Beler. Dec. 16. William Shaw and Sarah 
V. C. Pope, William R. Searls and Sarah Scott. Dec. 17, Daniel Griffin and 
Rebecca E. Monkey. Dec. 20, Lafayette Harp and Callie King. Dec. 24, 
David Henry and Sarah Williams. Dec. 25, Hiram TUdrick and Matilda 
Green. Dec. 26, Jacob Fussell and Mary J. Harrison. Dec. 31, Charles 
Williams and Amanda Payne. 

DEATHS. 

February 4—Mrs. Frances E. Farrior, of Montgomery, Alabama. 

April 30—Miss Martha Jane Cox, of Troup county. 

May 21—Eva, infant daughter of Col. Hines Holt; also, on the same day, 
Hines, infant son of Col. Holt. 

June 16—Mrs. Mary A. E. Norton. June 17, P. T. Schley, son of Dr. Wm. 
K. Schley of Columbus—killed by the explosion of a can of camphene, in 
Oxford, Ga. 

July 2—Clara Rosalia, daughter of Wm. Perry. July 8, William Salisbury, 
aged 46 years. July 11, Mrs. Eloise, wife of Thos. B. Goulding. July 14, 
John James Sullivan. • July 23, Anna Rosina, infant daughter of Jacob 
Fogle. July24, William P. Malone, in the 48th year of his age. 

August 13—Mrs. Clara Meigs, widow of Prof. Josiah Meigs. 

October 11—D. B. Prescott, aged 35 years. October 20, Mrs. Elizabeth 
Brown. 

November 1—Gen. Nicholas Howard, in the 63rd year of his age. Nov. 
12, George W., son of Charles E. Minis. Nov. 25, Mrs. Elizabeth N. Daniel, 
wife of Wm. Daniel. Nov. 26, George W. Hardwick, one of the proprietors 
of the 'E-nquirer, in the 31st year of his age. 

185O. 

Progress of the Mobile and Girard R. R.—A Quiet Tear. 

• The following officers of the municipal government were 
elected on the 5th of January: Mayor, Willis S. Holstead. 
Aldermen—1st Ward, S. F. Grimes and J. W. Warren; 2d, 

 42 

EEPOET OF FINANCE COMMITTEE. 

J. A. Urquhart and N. McEobinson; 3d, T. K. Wynne and 
Theo. Stewart; 4th, E. C. Shorter and S. E. Andrews; 5th, 
F. M. Brooks and Alex. Lowther; 6th, A. A. Dill and J. M. 
Tray wick. Treasurer, J. L. Howell; Clerk, Calvin Stratton; 
Marshal, T. M. Hogan; Deputy, George Grullen. Salaries of 
Mayor and Clerk of Council were made $500 each ; Treasu 
rer, $600; Marshal and Deputy Marshal, $560 each; Clerk 
of Market, $150; City Physician, $350; Bridgekeeper, $600. 

City Council elected the following: Clerk of Market, Thos. 
Nix; Sexton, Jeremiah Terry; Bridge-keeper, Wm. W. Mar 
tin ; City Physician, J. F. Bozeman; Hospital-keeper, Burnet 
Ingram; Attorney, A. G. Foster. Health officers: W. Y. 
Barden and L. Livingston, 1st Ward; E. A. Ware and S. A. 
Billing, 2d; Joseph Kyle and M. Torrance, 3d; E. Dudley 
and W. Matthewson, 4th; W. C. Cooper and John Wooten, 
5th; T. E. Herrandyne and John Munn, 6th. Port Wardens: 
I. T. Eobinson, J. C. Brewer, J. W. Frost, J. M. Hughes and 
G. W. Cowdery. 

The Finance Committee reported that the total receipts of 
the city treasury for the year 1849 were $22,675 53, and the 
total disbursements $22,159 49. They reported the total lia 
bilities of .the city $22,724 (of which the larger item, $8,000, 
was an indebtedness to John G. Winter,) and the total re 
sources, including bridge tolls and taxes to be collected for 
the year, $22,140. 

Some nuisances were not easily abated under the "peculiar 
and careful" tactics then understood, as appears from the min 
utes of Council. In January, Alderman Brooks announced 
that a "house of ill fame" had been opened in the old Theatre 
building on Crawford street, "under the auspices and man 
agement of Mr. Jones," to the great annoyance of families in 
the neighborhood; and he moved that a committee be ap 
pointed to inquire into the facts and report. At a subse 
quent meeting the committee reported that "after a careful 
and laborious examination" they had satisfied themselves 
that "there was something decidedly rotten in Denmark; but 

SPECIAL ELECTION. 48 

from the peculiar and careful- manner in which the implica 
ted party conduct themselves, it will be impossible to reach 
the accused in the manner now pursued;" and the matter ap 
pears to have been dropped. 

The Assessors appointed to value the city property report 
ed the total valuation $1,390,825, not including about $250,- 
000 not taxed. 

City taxes this year—on real estate, one-fourth of one per 
cent.; on every $100 worth of merchandise sold, 20 cents; 
poll tax $1, &c. There was also an extra tax of one-fifth of 
one per cent, on all town property, one-twentieth of one per 
cent, on sales of merchandise, one-fourth of one per cent, on 
banks, &c., 25c. on polls, and one-eighth of one per cent, on 
slaves, to pay interest on railroad bonds. 

The work of surveying for the track of the Mobile & 
Girard Eailroad was progressing this year. The Enquirer of 
. the 2d of July reported one hundred and sixty miles of the 
route then surveyed by Engineer Cooper, accompanied by 
the President, Maj. E. S. Hardaway; also that subscriptions ob 
tained along the route exceeded the most sanguine anticipa 
tions. The grading of the road for a distance of 150 miles 
from Girard had all been taken. [Not completed yet!] The 
officers of the Company were R S. Hardaway, President; W. 
B. Harris, Secretary; Gen. Anderson and James Abercombie 
of Eussell, John Egerton of New Orleans, Wm. A. Harda 
way of Mobile, and R S. Hardaway of Columbus. 

John Munn was elected an Alderman of Ward 6, in the 
place of Aid. Tray wick removed from the ward. 

A special election was held on the 2d of November for a 
Marshal and two Aldermen to fill vacancies. N. Me. Eobin 
son was elected Marshal, J. W. King Alderman for the 3rd 
Ward, and H. H. Epping Alderman for the 5th Ward. 
Robt. A. Ware was elected an Alderman of 2d Ward in No 
vember, in place of Alderman Eobinson elected Marshal. 

The receipts of cotton up to the 15th of June amounted to 
59,519 bales. Prices lOf to life. 

 44 

INCIDENTS—PERSONAL. 

The Rock Island Paper Mills commenced supplying the 
city press with newspaper about the first of this year. 

The Southern Sentinel was started in January, by Win. H. 
Chambers, Esq., to whom Dr. Andrews had sold the Demo 
crat. The Enquirer and Times 'were the other city papers. 

Cotton was quoted at 11 to 12Jc. in January, and declined 
a little during the spring. 

The steamer H. S. Smith, with a cargo of one thousand 
bales of cotton, was entirely consumed by fire on the night of 
the 24th of March, at Fontaine's Landing on the Chattahoo- 
chee. Gen. Irwin was drowned in jumping overboard, and 
three negroes were either drowned or burned. 

An Agricultural Fair, that attracted much interest, was 
held in Columbus on the 20th, 21st and 22d of November. 

Eoyal Wright, son of David Wright, Esq., was killed on 
the 23d of November, in a rencontre with a man named Rob 
inson. Robinson was from Atlanta. ' • 

Cotton in December was quoted at 11 to 12Jc. 

PERSONAL. 

W. P. Baker, E. T. Hall, Dr. W. K. Schley, J. B. Strap 
per, L. W. Wells, and B. F. Coleman were Fire Wardens. 

B. J. Mathews was Chief Engineer, and A. Porter, Assist 
ant, of the Fire Department; J. B. Strapper, Foreman of Co. 
1, and. J. H.. Merry, Assistant; E. T. Hall, Foreman of No. 2, 
and L. T. Woodruff, Assistant; Thos. L. Larus, Foreman of 
No. 3, and Sam. W. King, Assistant. 

On January 7th, the Muscogee Railroad stockholders re- 
elected as directors, Major J, H. Howard, R. S. Hardaway, 
Dr. R. A. Ware, Gen. S. A. Bailey, Judge R. B. Alexander, 
Harvey Hall and Major James Wimberly. 

The County election came off January 7th, and resulted as 
follows; F. A. Jepson, for Sheriff, by 26 majority over F. G. 
Wilkins ; E. J. Hardin, Clerk Superior Court, by 29 over P. 
A. Claytori; Isaac Mitchell, Clerk of -Inferior Court, over 
Tillery and W. M. Reeves ; D. J. Rees, Tax Receiver, over 

MARRIAGES. 

45 

Fergurson; Noble, Tax Collector, over Edwards; J. B. 
Hicks, over Terry, for Coroner ; Serrell for Surveyor. 1 • 

On Saturday, February 9th, Alex. C. Morton was elected 
2d Lieutenant, I. C. Chandler, 3rd, and R. D. S. Bell, 4th, of 
the City light Guards. A. H. Cooper was Captain. 

The Annual Georgia M. E. Conference was held at Mari 
etta. S. Anthony was appointed Presiding Elder of the Co 
lumbus District, and Lovick Pierce and Joseph S. Key at 
Columbus. 

MARRIAGES. , . < 

January 1—Samuel D. Harp and Sarah C. McCook. Jan. 3, Mason A. 
Bush and Charlotte Bedsole. Jan. 6, Shadrick Smith and Jane Walls. Jan. 
8, John W. Patterson and Cornelia A. McMurray. Jan. 9, James Turnage 
and Elizabeth Hyatt, Nathan M. Brickhouse and Cecilia Bugg. Jan. 10, 
William T. Lawson and Susan A. Blaakenship, John T. \V. Coleman and 
Emily G. Horn. Jan. 17, Samuel Backmau and Mary M. Tilley, William T. 
Whitton and Penelope Elder. Jan. 18, James Butler and Elizabeth Screws. 
Jan. 23, John Ligon and Mary E. Bidenhour. 'Jan. 21, Henry P. Fisher and 
Martha E. Fitner. Jan. 25, James Bailey and Emily Tipton. Jan. 27, John 
O. Maguirt and Jane Massey. Jan. 30, Alexander M. Wynn and Maria C. 
Howard. 

February 5—James H. Bozeman and Sarah A. E. Stanfield. Feb. 6, Wm. 
J. Kellett and Emily Norinan. Feb. 13, George S. Davis and Mary D. War 
ren. Feb. H, David Dean and Nancy A. Glenn. Feb. 18, James A. Parley 
and Sarah E. Hoxey. Feb. 19, Wm. H. Munro and Louisa Cobb. Feb. 21, 
Levi Whatly and Mary A. Screws. 

March 3—Michael H. Durr and Mary V. McGehee. March 10, John W. C. 
Eaily and Elizabeth Benton. March 11, Wm. Yearty and Sarah Lockhart. 
March 13, James H. Eenfroe and Elizabeth Crouch. March 17, Isaiah Wil- 
lett and Sarah Maddox. March 20, William F. Fincher and Mary Hyatt. 
March 24, Jonathan P. Cordery and Mary Eowell. » 

April 1—Eobert Barker and Mary Hackney. April 2, William G. Beckwith 
and Emma L. Hicks. April 3, George W. Woodruff and Virginia Lindsey. 
April 7, Asa Newsom and Nancy A. Chapman. April 14, Martin G. West - * 
and Sarah A. Morris. April 18, John Jewell and Martha Gulledge. April 
24, John L. Terry and Julia A. L. Land. April 26, Charles W. Westmoreland 
and Sarah E. Burns. 

May 1—Timothy Markham and Nancy Ligon. May 3, Enoch Fussell and 
Mary E. Morgan. May 5, Frank L. Mason and Lucinda Sanders, George W. 
Clark and Lurana F. Ivey. May, 8, Henry J. Lamar and Valina B. Jones. 
May 11, Newsom Bandall and Penelope C. Eatliff. May 12, James Welch 
and Louisa Maddox. May 16, Hugh E. Eodgers and Tabitha A. Miller. 
May 28, Oliver Danforth and Emma A. Nagle, Joseph C. Brewer and Ellen 

 46 

MARRIAGES. 

DEATHS. 

47 

A. Fleming, May 29, Benjamin F. Markrum and Sarah Ann Ennis. May 
3Q, John W. Hewell and Sophronia E. Harp. 

June 2—William W. Morgan and Lucinda Williams. June 6, Joseph King 
and Harriet E. Bell. June 13, Ambrose Nix and Mary J. Edwards. June 
19, John Hughes and Ann B. Cox. June 20, Thomas Hunt and Mary Een- 
froe. June 23, John Jackson and Maria King. 

July 3—James Ligon and Sarah A. Tommey, Samuel M. Carter and Emily 
L. Colquitt. July 7, Andrew J. McKenzie and Catharine Barbaree. July 11, 
Abraham Odom and Eliza A. English. July 12, John Newberry and 
Laney E»binson, July 13, Charles L. Geer and Matilda Hatcher. July 1G, 
Lewis S. McCall and Ann Morris, Charles T. Cushman and Jane A. W. Shaw. 
July 18, Irving WatHns and Lucretia J. Napier. July 23, William Dubois 
and Elizabeth E. Craig. July 24, Geo. A. Christian and Salina Shofner, Ste 
phen B. Dean and Margaret L. Cunning^ July 31, William Wooton and 
Betsey Stephens. July 4, Thos. I. Patrick and Elsey Waters. 

Angust 13—John M. Traywick and Minerva E. Thompson. Aug. 14, Ed 
ward S. Martin and Margaret J. Culpepper. Aug. 15, John E. Merritt and 
Susan Proctor. Aug. 18, William Tillery and Mary E. Waters, Charles J. 
Davenport and Martha A. E. Gibson. Aug. 21, Elias Sanders and Sarah A. 
Bartlett. Aug. 27, Walker P. Jones and Frances McNaughton, 

September 1—Lewis Moody and Lucinda Langley, Thomas H. Reynolds 
and Mary F. Boring. Sept. 4, William M. Alien and Delilah Odom. Sept. 5, 
Orman Oliver and Nancy Williamson. Sept. 7, Obadiah Whittenton and 
Mary A. Newsom. Sept. 8, John T. Damill and Lucinda Ougle. Sept. 12, 
Andrew J. Ousley and Martha A. Jordan, Davie. G. W. Davis and Elizabeth 
P. Moss. Sept. 19, John C. Lewis and Martha Fletcher. Sept. 22, Jesse 
Wall and Susan Harvell. Sept. 23, Wm. H. Sauls and Sarah J. Brown. 
Sept. 24, Rufus Carr and Gasoline Griffin. Sept. 26, Joseph J. Painter and 
Rebecca J. Osborn, John Martin and Eleanor G. Wood. 

October 3—William H. Hinson and Elizabeth A. Luker. Oct. 8, John G. 
Hortman and Frances Eees. Oct. 9, Abner H. Flewellen and Sarah E. Hard- 
away. Oct. 15, Henry Eees and Pallentiue Ivey. Oct. 16, Isaac C. Chandler 
and Sarah M. Thomas, John Brittenham and Lucinda Dennis. Oct. 17, 
Richard Williams and Rachel A. Rodgers. Oct. 20, John Flynn and Sarepta 
Helms. Oct. 23, Richard H. Lockhart and Arabella J. Howard. Oct. 24, 
Christopher C. Morgan and Adaline Culpepper. Oct. 26, Thomas W. Peddy 
and Elizabeth Maynor. Oct. 31, John L. Parker and Nancy K. Edwards. 

November 5—Mijamon Moon and Sarah A. G. Paul, Thomas M. Towler 
and Sarah E. Boland. Nov. 7, Joseph McCall and Mary Drenon. Nov. 10, 
George W. Cobb and Mary Berry. 13, William Welch and Catharine Nelson. 
14, John Byard and Sarah Cooper. 23, Walter C. Manning and Rebecca M. 
Shellman. 27, James W. Warren and Sarah V. Howard, Wiley Adams and 
Sarah A. E. Tooke. 

December 5—Presley Tillery and Lucinda Dukes, S. M. J. Wimberly and 
Mary A. Kckett. Dec. 11, Daniel B. Bird and Mary V. Butt. Dec. 12, Win. 

B. Willis and Lucinda J. McLendon. Dec. 13, Matthias Barringer and Sarah 
Pryor. Dec. 15, Samuel J. Flemming and Eliza Culpepper. Dec. 18, 
Grisham Scroggins and Mary A. E. Daukins, William P. Aubry and Eosa M. 
Forsyth, David H. Wynn and Mary F. Dennis. Dec. 23, George S. Cary and 
Margaret S. Thweatt. Dec. 24, Drewery Pate and Martha Ivey. Dec. 29, 
Jonathan Cordery and Angelina. Wall. Dec. 30, Michael L. Walters and 
Haner A. M. Webb. 

SEXTON'S EEPORT OF DEATHS. 

January 2—Mr. Benson, aged 40 years; 4, child of John Kelly; 4, Frances 
A. Duffle, aged, 40; 9, Sarah Ann Holt, aged 29; 10, Elizabeth Sanders, aged 
62 ; 12, Wm. H. Ayer, aged 10 ; 15, Rudolph H. Ayer, 12 ; 15, child of Mr. 
Gammel; 20, Patrick Gellen, aged 13; 31, George W. Turrentine ; 31, Hon. 
Wm. Griggs. Also 5 negroes in January. 

(We find no report for February.) 

March 6—Peggy Dodson, aged 50 ; 9, Ann Murdock, aged 30; 16, John 
Schaeffer, aged 40. Also 3 negroes in this month. 

April 1—John Williams, aged 30 years ; 2, child of Mrs. Moore ; 6, Eichard 
Tarborough, 43 ; 8, child of M. Stephens ; 9, Wm. Tarbutton, aged 40 ; 10, 
child of Mr. Mariner; 19, child of Mr. McElrath, aged 1 ; 25, Ainanda Byard, 
aged 25; 29, Elizabeth Hall, aged 45. Also 6 negroes in this month. 

May 5—Child of C. Wise, aged 5 months; 5, child of Mr. King, aged 1 
year; 6, Abraham Clark, aged 5 ; 6, child of Mrs. Hooper ; 8, child of O. 
Anderson, aged 1; 9, Abram Curry, aged 67; 9, Benj. Sutton, aged 20; 22, 
Ellen Mobley, aged 20; 26, Susan Kent, aged 49; 30, child of Mm Hooper, 
aged 10. Also 4 negroes in this month. 

DEATHS. 
(FKOM THE NEWSPAPERS.) 

May 18—Mrs. M. F. Weems, wife of Locke Weems. 

June 5—Mrs. Kimbrough, wife of Wm. H. Kimbrough. June 6, Mrs. E. 
A. Billups. June 24, Mary Jane, infant daughter of E. H. Musgrove. 

July 10—Mrs. Eleanor M. S. Ector. July 11, Mary Elizabeth, infant 
child of Peter K. Edgar. July 14, Thos. Bostwick, aged 30 years. 

August—Wm. B. Christian. August 9, Mrs. Harriet, wife of Peter K. 
Edgar. . 

September 7—Patrick Tiervey, aged 24. Sept: 10, John M. S. Brooks, 
aged 24. Sept. 10, (at Savannah) Nelson McLester, of Columbus. Sept. — 
David M Clarke. Sept. 22, Mrs. Sarah A., wife of H. S. Smith. Sept. 23, 
Wfflis M. Eeeves. 

October. 11—Cosam Emir Bartlett, aged 57 years (formerly editor of a Co 
lumbus paper.) Oct. 22, Mathew Brannon. 

November 12—Miss Julia H. Pledge, in the 15th year of her age. Nov. 27, 
Mrs- E. A. Eedd, wife of Wm. Eedd, Sr. 

December 13—Philip, infant son of Thos. Schley. Dec. —,John Neuffer, 
Dec. 30, William Holtzclaw. 

 48 

EEPORT OF FINANCE COMMITTEE. 

1851. 

Water Works Agitated — Subscription to Mobile & Gfirard H. E. 

The city officers elected on the. first Saturday in January 
were Willis S. Holstead, Mayor ; Aldermen — 1st Ward, 
Thomas B. Slade and Lewis M. Durr ; 2d, John A. Urqua- 
hart and E. A. Ware ; 3rd, John H. Madden ; 4th, Samuel 
E. Andrews and John M. Trawick ; 5th, A. A. Lowther and 
Wm. Mahaffey ; 6th, A. A. Dill. Subsequently, Wm. Math- 
ewson was elected an Alderman of the 6th Ward, and J. W. 
King of the 3rd Ward. Calvin Stratton was elected Clerk ; 
Jordan L. Howell, Treasurer ; 1ST. Me. Bobinson, Marshal ; 
George Gullen, Deputy Marshal. 

Council elected Thos. Nix, Clerk of the Market ; Wm. W. 
Martin, Bridge Keeper ; Dr. F. A. Stanford, City Physician ; 
Burnet Ingram, Hospital Keeper ; Adam G. Foster, City At 
torney ; Jere Terry, Sexton. Health officers — John Kyle, J. 
F. Bozeman, Mansfield Torrence, Thad. Sturgis, M. Wood 
ruff, J. W. Frost, Wm. C. Cooper, J. L. Morton, John Munn, 
Michael 1ST. Clark. Port Wardens— Thos. M. Hogan, F. G. 
Wilkins, E. C. Shorter, J. C. Brewer, James McGuire. 

A. Porter was C|%ief Engineer of the Fire Department, and 
J. L. Morton Assistant ; J. B. Strupper, Foreman, and Wm. 
Snow, Assistant of No. 1 ; H. T. Hall, Foreman, and J. Bar- 
renger, Assistant of No. 2 ; T. P. Larus, Foreman, and W. 
L. Salisbury, 'Assistant of No. 3. Fire Company No. 1 num 
bered 61 men ; No. 2, 38 men ; No. 3, 24 men. Each had 
an engine. 

The Finance Committee in April reported the total liabili 
ties of the city, $25,175, and the probable revenue of the year, 
$23,475. 

Eeuben C. Shorter was in April elected an Alderman of 
the 4th Ward, in the place of Alderman Trawick, removed 
from the city; and Wm. Brooks elected in May an Alder 
man of the 6th Ward, vice Alderman Dill, removed. 

WATER WORKS. 

49 

At its meeting on the 12th of July, Council granted to the 
manufacturing companies and sundry citizens, petitioners, 
authority to erect a foot bridge across the river, opposite the 
Howard Factory, but reconsidered and rejected it at another 
meeting. This project was never consummated, and in a few 
years afterwards what is known as the "upper bridge" was 
built near the locality named. 

The population of Columbus, according to the United 
States census taken this year, was—free 3,684, slave, 2,258— 
total, 5,942. The whole population of Muscogee county was 
18,623, of which 10,447 were whites, and 8,176 slaves. The 
amount of capital then invested in manufactures was $841,- 
517, of which there was invested in the manufacture of cot 
ton and wool, $493,000. 

On the 26th of July a committee of Council reported upon 
the practicability of supplying the city with a sufficiency of 
pure and wholesome water.. They reported that they had, 
"for reasons deemed sufficient," abandoned all the plans pro 
posed except one, which was the introduction of water from 
neighboring springs by pipes. They submitted a report from 
Engineer L. W. Dubois, to the effect that water enough, and 
of good quality, could be obtained from springs on the Sum- 
merville heights, on the Alabama side. But the committee 
did not recommend this, for the reason that the sources of the 
supply were in " another jurisdiction." Council appointed a 
committee to ascertain whether and on what terms the water 
on the Alabama side could be had for the use of the city. 

In October the committee reported other surveys and esti 
mates made by Mr. Dubois—one for bringing the water of 
the river from Lover's Leap, the other for bringing it from 
Wynn's Hill The cost of bringing the water to the city from 
Lover's Leap was estimated at $28,282 06, from Wynn's Hill 
$32,668 75; works at the city for the former $25,842 92, for 
tie latter $30,937 35. 

Wm. Mahaffey was elected Marshal in October. 

•At a public meeting held on the 4th of November, the citi- 

 50 

INCIDENTS. 

MARRIAGES. 

51 

zens voted authority to the Council to subscribe $150,000 to 
the stock of the Girard Eailroad Co., on the assurance that with 
this subscription to buy rails, &c., the road would be promptly 
put into running order as far as Chunnenuggee; and on the 
5th of November Council appointed a committee to confer 
with the Directors of the road and arrange all the details of 
the subscription. On the 25th of November, the committee 
reported an agreement with the Directors of the road which 
Council unanimously ratified. The Council reserved the 
right to connect with the road by means of a bridge across 
the river, and to have the trains of the road run across it. 

Theopholis Stewart of the 3rd, and John Lloyd of the 5th 
Ward, were elected Aldermen in November. 

Large private subscriptions for plank roads to Greenville 
and to Lumpkin were made by citizens this fall. But Coun 
cil, while admitting the importance of these roads, declined 
to take stock, on account of existing indebtedness. 

On the 9th of December, Council resolved to loan the Mus- 
cogee Eailroad $75,000 of the city's bonds, taking a mortgage 
on the road as security. 

On the 31st of December, trains commenced running over 
twenty miles of the Muscogee Eailroad, then finished, from 
the Columbus terminus. Connecting stages ran to Ogle- 
thorpe and to Barnesville. 

INCIDENTS. 

, Temperance Hall was "dedicated" on the night pf the 8th 
of January, .with interesting ceremonies. "Uncle Dabney 
Jones," the great apostle of Temperance, delivered an ad 
dress. 

Milton Eobbins this year established a ropewalk in Girard. 

The postoffice was this year removed to the large brick 
building corner of Eandolph and Oglethorpe streets, where it 
remained until the building was destroyed by fire. 

An engine was placed on the Columbus end of the Musco 
gee Eailroad in April, but the road had not then been finish- 

ed to Fort Valley. The ladies aided, but we have not found 
to what extent, in raising the money for the purchase of this 
engine, by a fair held in March. 

A great revival of religion was manifested in the city this 
year. Meetings were continued for a month or six weeks at 
the Methodist church, and more than two hundred persons 
professed religion. 

An Agricultural Fair held in Temperance Hall in Novem 
ber was pronounced quite a success. 

The receipts of cotton to the 21st of June amounted to 55,- 
659 bales. Prices—in January, 11 to 12Jc.; in April, 7 to 
lOc.; in October, 6 to 6Jc.; in December, 6J to 7Jc. 

PERSONAL! 

H. Noble was Tax Collector, and James Fergurson Tax 
Eeceiver of Muscogee county. 

The Georgia M. E. Conference, which met in Savannah, 
sent Eev. W. M. Crumley to Columbus, and appointed Eev. S. 
Anthony, Presiding Elder of the Columbus District. Eev. T. 
Bermingham was the Catholic Priest at Columbus. 

The following persons rented stalls in the Market this year: 
Wm. E. Jones, P. Gittinger, Arnold & Eobertson, E. B. W. 
Spivey, Eichard Eobertson, Charles Bize, Alex. W. Eobert 
son. The aggregate amount which they rented for was 

$237 50. 

• 

MARRIAGES. 

January 1—Leonard E. Cooley and Julia A. Henly. Jan. 2, Wesley P. 
Williams and Mary A. Chapman, George S. Martin and Elizabeth Gammell. 
Jan. 3, James P. Kussell and Margaret Bowell, "William Wiliinson and Mary 
A. Cordery. Jan. 7, Pleasant Odom and Elizabeth McKenzie. Jan. 8, Jesse 
H. Wyatt and Emily Eentfroe. Jan. 9, Elisha A. Jackson and Prances E. 
Morris, John W. WatMns and Eliza A. Massey. Jan. 11, Daniel "WilMnson 
and Elizabeth Browning, Jesse T. Button and Caroline Osteen. Jan. 23, Ed 
ward H. Bernhard and Ann E. Hemphill, Wright McCook and Buhama Harp. 
Jan. 29, William M. Maxley and Emily M. Beck. Jan. 30, David Jones and 
Bebecca A. Newberry. 

February 6—James P. Bozeman and Evaline A. Chambers. Feb. 11, John 
"- Payne and Lurany Jones. Peb. 16, Walton Doles and Sarah Buckler. 
>. 18, John Bunnell and Louisiana J. Osteen. 

 52 

MARRIAGES. 

DEATHS. 

53 

March 6—William J. Wright and Martha Simmons. March 13, Elijah 
Morgan and Sophy A. F. Lanier. March 20, Amos R. Nelson and Sarah J. 
Willett, Green J. Mann and Susan Ann Kite, James Bonuer and Martha A. 
Smith. March 25, George W. JJovett and Sarah Brassill, Clark P. Lanier 
and Sarah F. Chapman. March 36, Jacob Hydrick and Martha Bugg. 

April 1—Gilbert Kent and Sarah Lawrence. April 15, William J. Harrell 
and Harriet Cordery. April 16, John T. Pry and Epsy A. Bush. April 
20, James M. Cobb and Isabella Lee. April 24, Benjamin Brown and Janet 
Stephens. April 29, Thomas E. Motley and Harriet Moore. 

May 4—Jacob H. Faulkenbury and Artamesia A. Stephens. May 6, Ly- 
curgus Madox and Sarah A. Kent. May 8, William Jones and Martha A. 
Stephens, John H. Glanton and Elizabeth Welch. May 13, Barney Barnes 
and Sarah E. Mitchell. May 14, Milledge G. McKennie and Louisiana F. 
Warren. May 22, Elijah Vickers and AriiiJiia A. Evans, May 25, Milton A. 
Smith and Henrietta H. Goulding. May 27, Everard H. Abercombie and 
Pauline Lewis. May 28. Robert H. Sullivan and Mahulda Jordan. May 31, 
William M. Hale and Harriet Welch. 

June 1—John Clark and Mary A. Alford, Edward F. Rogers and Isabella 
Mann. June 5, George W. Fisher and Frances A. Wimberly. June 11, James 
Caulfield and Elizabeth Locklier. June 12, Thomas Summergill and Mary 
McCallister. June 19, Thomas J. Brown and Frances Bowen. June 22, 
Alexander Hall and Lucinda George. June 25, Lyman B. Townsley and 
Mary J. Peabody. June 26, James R. McDonald and Mary J. McNeaL 

July 1—Jeremiah Gammell and Arabella A. A. Reynolds. July 3, Neil 
McMillen and Rhoda A. Moon, George Stein and Mary Blankenship, Simeon 
Weldon and Nancy J. Taylor. July 5, John J. Ingram and Julia A. Perry. 
July 8, Jacob Neagle and Mary Madden. July 12, Eli Frost and Frances 
Goen. July 15, Benjamin F. Graves and Sarah H. Sauls. July 21, James H 
McMicken and Nancy Copeland. July 22, Edwin G. Thornton and Martha 
F. B. Jones. 

Angust 6—Henry W. Verstille and Ellen J. Lockhart, Anthony Martin and 
Frances Allum, Andrew Gaskey and Julia Algood, August 7, John W. King 
and Mary J. Kimbrough. August 14, John J. Collins and Rebecca Kerbo. 
August 17, William W. Stewart and Susan J. Roberts. August 21, Isham 
Turner and Mary J. Jemison. August 24, William M. Taylor and Sarah J. 

Robinson. * 

September 7—Seaborn Bryant and Frances Garrett. Sept. 11, Samuel P. 
Leggett and Martha A. Johnson, Washington Watkins and Mary A. Whitton. 
Sept. 16, Eugene A. Smith and Frances A. Resse. Sept. 17, H. H. McQueea 
and Mary E. Rudledge. Sept. 22, James D. Britt and Mary A. Pomeroy. 
Sept. 25, William H. Harris and Sarah A. King, William C. Daniel and Cor 
nelia M. Phelps. Sept. 30, Joseph J. Jones and Caroline E. Lloyd, Thomas 
D. Fortson and Georgia E. Mealing. 

October 2—James T. Norman and Mary E. Dean. October 8, William E. 
Brown and Mariah E. Broadnax. Oct. 9, Adolphus D. Metts and Mary Ball- 

' Oct. 15, George T. Hurt and Nancy 3. Flewellen. Oct. 16, James O. A. 
Tvicker and Martha E. Dyer. Oct. 28, Elisha F. Garrett and Elizabeth H. 
Robinson. Oct. 27, Daniel G. Watson and Evaline Keiuer. Oct. 31, John 
W. Mardis and Susan J. Smith. 

November 3—William Boyd and Mahulda McGowen. November 6, Benja 
min A. Fussill and Sidney A. F. Osteen. November 9, Green S. Childs and 
Frances A. Napier, John H Walsingham and Eliza A. O'Quin. November 16, 
John W. Whytal and Charlotte A. Kidder. November 25, Isaiah Willett and 
Sarah Clark. November 27, James N. Fussell and Zilpha L. Hall, Benjamin 
Ryans and Celia A. Tinnon. Nov." 30, Wentworth S. Marble and Hannah E. 
Chase. 

December 'i—Thos. Duffield and Amanda Johnson, James A. Bell and Car 
oline E. Brown. December 3, Arnold Seals and Eleanor A. Reid. Decem 
ber 4, William J. Chapman and Sarah J. Tinnon, Benjamin F. Wallace and 
Cynthia A. E. MorrelL December J, John Ward and Mary S. Gary, William 
T. Webster and Sarah A. Wiggins. December 11, David Jones and Henri 
etta Tarver, John B. Jones and Creecy A. Cobb, James Pierce and Eliza Gil 
bert, Richard E. Jones and Elizabeth Jones. December 14, Francis J. 
Abbott and Martha G. Garrison. December 18, Sanders E. Echols and 
Martha E. Perry. December 19, Robert Johnson and Ann M. Sinclair. De 
cember 21, William Waters and Margaret A. Hunter. December 23, James 
J. W. Biggers and Caroline E. Williams, Horace Mathews and Elizabeth 
Dennis. December 25, Robert Knowles and Martha J. Hammock, Thomas 
Reynolds and Nancy F. Reynolds. 

SEXTON'S REPORT OF DEATHS. 

January 3—Jesse King, aged 51 years. Jan. 8, James Welch, 49 years. 
I Jan. 5, Alex. Flewellen, 8 years. Jan. 10, T. Smith's child, 1 year. Jan. 10, 
H. Hall's child, 1 year. Jan. 13, George Sherwood, 36 years. Jan. 18, Per 
ry Robison, 21 years. Jan. 25, Thomas Lee, 26 years. Jan. 26, Mrs. Adou, 
I. 68 years. Jan. 30, Sarah Barringer, 28 years. Also 3 negroes in January. 

February 4—Jane L. Marks, aged 64 years. Feb. 10, ch'ild of Mr. Harp, aged 
1 day. Feb. 12, child of Wm. F. Luckie, aged S months. Feb. 13, child of 

I, Mr. Newberry, 5 months. Feb. 15, Robert B. Alexander, 40 years. Feb. 21, 
Eliza Robinson, 31 years. Feb. 22, Wm. E. Robinson, 37 years. Feb. 28, 
Martha Minis, 74 years. 

March 9—Mary Ann Corry, 62 years. March 9, Martin J. Kendrick, 22 
March 11, Bridget Hudson, 41 years. March 14, Patrick Clark, 48 
March 15, Wm. Brown, 52 years. March 16, Caroline Stein, 26 years. 
arch 16, James Osborn, 56 years. March 22. Joseph Meredith, 51 years. 
March 24, Emeline Crews, 18 years. March 24, Thomas McCarty, 63 years. 
April 1—Caroline Burton, 38 years ; ——Chapman, 9 years; George ,C. 
Hooper, 41 years. April 4, Wiley G. Roper, 41 years; Sarah Willett, 17 
years. April 5, John Winn, 51 years. April 7, child of Col. Wyley, 2 years. 
APril 8, James Shaw, 52 years ; John Brooks, 6 years. April 12, Matilda 
Packman, 19 years. April 13, Mary Hammock. 19 years. April 18, John C. 

5 

 54 DEATHS. 

Leitner, 39 years ; child of Mrs. Packman, aged 7 days. April 22, child of 
John Brown, 1 year. April 24, child of Mr. King, 7 days. April 25, child 
of Sterling F. Grimes, 10 days. April 28, child of Thos. Herendine, 2 years ; 
child of Samantha George, 8 years; child of Mr. Bobitt, 1 year. April 29, 
child of Mr. Willett, 1 year. April 30, Solomon Curlee, 8 years. Also 7 
slaves in February, and 4 in March. 

May 16—child of George W. Winter, aged 5 months. May 20, Benjamin 
Napier, 6 years. May 21, child of Henry Teasdale, 1 year. May 25, child of 
S. B. Harvill, 1 year ; child of W. T. Colquitt, 1 year. May 27, Jennette 
Veaneman, 6 years. May 30, Parmelia Wilkins, 36 years. Also 6 slaves in 
May. 

June 3—Jane Busbee, aged 26 years. June 13, child of R. Hooper, 2 
years. June 14, Isabella Holly, 17 years. June 15, ———— Hickey, 35 years. 
June 23, Richard A. Long, 31 years. June 24, child of John Byard, 3 weeks. 
June 30, James Bishop, 26 years. Also 1O slaves in June. 

July 1—Miss Jackson, aged 51 years. July 4, child of Mr. Renfroe, 1 
month. July 9, child of Mr. Burbee, 2 years. July 15, Sarah A. Biley, 
26 years. July 18, James Bryant, 17 years. July 22, child of A. Backer, 1 
year. July 23, Clara Hamill, 15 years. July 26, Stephen Gilpin, 18 years. 
July 30, Henry Madden, 33 years. Also 6 slaves in July. 

August 2—Ternpletou Reid, aged 65 years. Aug. 5, child of Mr. Bobison, 
1 year. Aug. 8, H. C. Andersou, 35 years. Aug. 14, Sarah Noleu, 29 years. 
Aug. 19, child of Mr. Fairchild, 3 years. Aug. 20, Nancy McCarty, 57 years. 
Aug. 21, child of P. Adams, 3 months. Aug. 22, child of J. E. Webster, 1 
year. Aug. 23, Jacob Seismuud, 41 years. Aug. 24, Mary Long, 21 years. 
Aug. 25, P. N. Jernigan, 25 years. Aug. 29, Jere. Collius, 63 years. Aug. 
31, child of Mr. Napier, —. Also 7 slaves in August. 

September 6—Esau Pike, aged 60 years. Sept. 12, Joseph Frost, 24 years. 
Sept. 14, John Gunn, 4 years. Sept. 15, Sarah Holly, 52 years. Sept. 20, 
child of H. Smith, 2 years. Sept. 22, Charles Williams, 12 years; Gilbert 
Clark, 50 years. Sept?. 23. N. McBobinson, 41 years. Sept. 26, James Den 
nis, —. Sept. 27, Lovick Switzer, 21 years. Sept. 30, Emeline Jordan, 24 
years. Also 3 slaves in September. 

Here the official record ends, and we can only republish 
such obituary notices as we find in the newspapers: 
Oct. 12—Samuel J. Crow, aged about 37 years. 
Nov. 8—Mrs. Martha Ann Davis, wife of John H. Davis. 
Nov. 24—Bobert M., son of Thomas J. Shivers. 
Nov. 27—Theobold Howard, aged 48 years. 
Dec. 26—Richard T. Brice, aged 39 years. 

CITY C00NCIL AND NEGRO MARTS. 

55 

t 

1852. 

Opelika Branch Railroad—Gas Light Company Formed. 

J. L. Morton, Wiley Williams, E. M. Gunby and M. N". 
Clark were candidates for Mayor at the January election, and 
the vote stood—Morton 235, Williams 188, Gunby 162, 
Clark 25. The Aldermen elect were: 1st Ward, Lewis M. 
Durr and Thos. B. Slade; 2d, Dr. A. I. Eobison and Wrn. 
Perry; 3d, Dr. T. Stewart and Thos. M. Hogan; 4th, E. C. 
Shorter and John Quin; 5th, A. A. Lowther and H. H. Ep- 
ping; 6th, Wrn. Matheson (and Thos. E. Herndine was 
afterwards elected.) Jarnes M. Hughes was elected Marshal; 
A. M. Eobertson, Deputy Marshal; Calvin Stratton, Clerk; 
and Jordan L. Howell, Treasurer. 

Council, at its first meeting, elected Beverly A. Thornton 
City Attorney; Jere Terry, Sexton; Thos. Nix, Clerk of the 
Market; Wm. W. Martin, Bridge-keeper; B, Ingram, Hospi 
tal keeper. The following gentlemen were elected Health 
Officers: Dr. Thos. Hoxey, J. L. Barringer, Jos. Kyle, Jas. 
M. Everett, Wm. Danerly, George Pitts, Charles Wise, Wm. 
C. Cooper, Isaac Mitchell, Wrn. Brooks. 

Dr. J. B. Hoxey was elected City Physician; and the fol 
lowing gentlemen Port Wardens: F. G. Wilkins, John C. 
Calhoun, A. K. Ayer, Edward Birdsong, James McGuire. 

The Fire Wardens for this year were—J. A. Deblois, H. T. 
Hall, John H. Madden, J. B. Strupper, P. Adams, Ezekiel 
Davis. 

Quite a flurry was created in Council, in January, on the 
subject of repealing the ordinance of 1851 which located and 
regulated the negro marts of the city. Council refused to lay 
on the table an ordinance amending the ordinance of 1851; 
whereupon Aldermen Slade, Durr, Lowther, Stewart and 
Slaughter tendered their resignations, which Council refused 
to accept. But these Aldermen retired, and at an election 

 56 

OPELIKA BRANCH BOAD. 

GAS COMPANY ORGANIZED. 

57 

held on the 4th of February, Messrs. Wm. C. Gray, Wm. Y. 
Barden, Kichard P. Spencer, George W. Lively and Wm. 
Williamson were elected in their places. [The fair presump 
tion is that the amendatory ordinance was passed, but the 
record does not show it. It allowed the negro traders to 
bring their slaves into the city for sale in the day-time, but 
required them to be kept on the South Common-at night.] 

"Wm. Brooks was in February elected an Alderman of the 
6th ward, in the place of Aid. Matheson, resigned. 

The appraisers appointed by Council reported the valuation 
of real estate $1,516,970, showing a small but steady increase 
for several years. The city debt at that time amounted to 
$3,200, besides some unpaid railroad subscriptions. The 
receipts from 'all sources were about $27,500, and the ex 
penses, with Muscogee Eailroad interest, about $24,000. 

The Enquirer of April 20th indulged in fond anticipations 
of the growth and prosperity of Columbus as soon as the pro 
gressing railroads afforded better facilities for commerce. 
The article stated that almost all the dry goods then consumed 
in this section were wagoned from Macon at heavy expense; 
"but that when the Muscogee Eailroad was finished, such 
goods could be sold in Columbus as cheap as at Macon or 
Savannah. It looked also for a great increase of trade from 
the Girard Eailroad, and urged the importance of construct 
ing plank roads or some other improvements to facilitate 
trade with the counties north and south of Columbus. 

Col. John G. Winter's Bank of St. Marys suspended specie 
payments on the 23d of April. The circulation was stated to 
be about $350,000. 

The cars on the Muscogee Eailroad commenced running 25 
miles on the 18th of May. 

The first substantial movement towards the building of the 
Opelika Branch Eoad, of which we find any mention, was 
a proposition by the city of Savannah, in May of this year, 
to loan the credit of that city to the amount of $100,000 in 
aid of the enterprise. Curiously, the Enquirer regarded it 

with suspicion—as a move in opposition to the Girard road. 
This subject was warmly discussed on both sides through the 
columns of the city press. Several meetings of citizens were 
held to consider the policy of a city subscription of $50,000, 
and finally a poll was opened, when the citizens, on the 12th 
of June, voted in favor of a conditional subscription. The 
vote stood—sfor a subscription, provided other parties sub 
scribe a like amount of $50,000, and that the road cross the 
river, 192; for subscription unconditionally, 52; no subscrip 
tion, 85. The Times advocated the road and the subscription. 

Jos. S. Pruden was in July elected an Alderman of the 4th 
Ward, vice Alderman Epping, resigned. 

The total population of Muscogee county this year was 
18,750. ' 

A committee of Council this summer made a contract with 
Jonathan Bridges for boring an artesian well, but Council 
did not ratify the contract. The Times of November 9th 
said of the water supply of the city: 

We do not know a community that is so poorly supplied with this first 
necessity for health, comfort and cleanliness (water) as Columbus. There 
are many families in the city who have no regular and certain source from 
which to derive their daily supplies of this precious element, and whose 
servants are actually obliged, at every turn of the water-bucket, to go forth 
on a foraging expedition in search of it. The water works are as good as 
used up. No attention is paid to the pipes furnishing the supply, and it is 
only occasionly that some half a dozen hydrants in very low localities, run. 
Those in more elevated positions are as dry as the miraculous rock before 
Moses touched it with his rod. 

[This refers to a system of wood pipes and hydrants by 
which certain parties furnished citizens paying for it with 
water brought into portions of the city from "Leonard's 
Spring," about three miles from the city.] 

A gas company, at the head of which was Mr. James Hoy, 
°f Trenton, Nl J., made a proposition in November to light 
the city with gas. Council appropriated $10,000 to the cap 
ital stock of the company. The company was known as the 
"Columbus Gas Light Association." John Forsyth was 
chosen President, Henry T. Hall, Secretary, and Messrs. Dan- 

 58 

A MINEEAL 6PEING DISCOVEEED. 

A DISASTEOUS FLOOD. 

59 

I 

I! , 

iel Griffin, Henry T. Hall, W. G. demons, John Forsyth and 
J. L. Morton, Directors. 

INCIDENTS. 

The Histrionics, a dramatic company composed of resident 
citizens, gave a number of very pleasant and creditable en 
tertainments this spring. On the evening of the 2nd of 
April they performed a national drama written by the gift 
ed Mrs. Caroline Lee Hentz, then of Columbus, which was 
pronounced a production of extraordinary merit, and receiv 
ed with much applause. It was entitled "Lamorah, or the 
Western Wild." 

The Baptist State Convention met in Columbus in April— 
Thomas Stocks, Esq., Moderator. 

A "Citizen Merchant," writing in June, claimed that the 
Eagle Manufacturing Company were then making osnaburgs 
"superior to any in the world, being heavier and made out of 
better cotton"; also that the goods of this company were sold 
quite as low, and in some cases lower, than the same quali 
ties of goods were sold in New York. 

The house of J. J. McKendree, Esq., at the upper end of 
Oglethorpe street, was consumed by fire on the morning of 
the 21st of June; also a kitchen on the adjoining lot, of Mr. 
J. B. Wright. 

The Times reported the discovery of a valuable mineral 
spring immediately on the river and under the bank, on the 
east side, four miles above the city. The water was repre 
sented as unusually clear and cool, and containing both iron 
and sulphur. As the Times said that the railroad about to be 
constructed to West Point would pass within twenty steps of 
the spring, perhaps our citizens of the present day will have 
no difficulty in finding it. 

Another very creditable Agricultural and Horticultural 
Fair was held during the first week in October. Council ap 
propriated $150 to aid it. 

A two-story brick building owned by Messrs. Mott and 
Cleghorn, and occupied by Mr. S. C. Pryor as the "Exchange" 

bar and billiard room, was burned on the 15th of November. 

An extraordinary and disastrous flood in the river occur 
red on the 25th of November. During hard rains the river 
rose thirty feet, and "a section of the east wall of the reser 
voir extending from the Eagle Factory to the Palace Mills 
and Variety Works, gave way under the pressure of water, 
and carried with it the flume of the Palace Mills and the » 
bridge which connected the Variety Works with the shore." 
Fifteen men and a boy were in the Works at the time, and 
these were cut off' from the main land by a current which no 
boat could cross. The river was still rising at the rate of - 
three feet an hour. After a number of unsuccessful efforts, 
communication was established by means of a light cord and 
weight at first, and then by ropes passed, connecting the 
second story of the Variety Works with a pile of rock on 
shore. A basket was made to slide upon the ropes, drawn 
by cords, and in this frail conveyance the people in the Va 
riety Works were taken from their perilous position to the 
land. Mayor J. L. Morton fell from a rock into the river, 
swam thence to another rock, where he had to remain until 
communication was in like manner established with him and 
he was rescued. The damage done to all the factory busi 
ness was very great. The machinery in the Variety Works, 
the Palace Mills, and all the Factories except the Coweta, 
which stood at the dam (now known as the old upper dam) 
was stopped. Four or five hundred operatives and their 
families were temporarily thrown out of employment. 

The Female Orphan Asylum was destroyed by fire on the 
night of the 9th of December. But the citizens raised in a 
few hours a subscription of $1,700 to rebuild it. 

The 4th of July was celebrated by the City Light Guards, 
the Einggold Artillery, and the Fire Companies, by an ex 
cursion on the railroad, some 22 miles from the city. The 
declaration was read by Private Salisbury, and the oration 
delivered by Thomas J. Nuckolls, Esq. The Columbus 
Guards went to Montgomery and had a fine time there. 

 60 

PERSONAL. 

MAEEIAGES. 

61 

The first bale of new cotton was received on the 20th of 
August, from the plantation of Charles Fisher, Esq., of Mus- 
cogee county. It was sold at 10 cents. 

The third annual Fair of the Georgia and Alabama Agri 
cultural Society was held in Columbus on the 6th and 7th of 
October. 

* Five deaths occurred in the city during the first week in 
December, from cholera morbus caused by eating bad'" oys 
ters. A report got out in the country that it was Asaitic 
cholera. 

Up to the 15th of May, Columbus received 42,976 bales of 
cotton. Prices in January, 5J to 7 cents ; in May, 6J to 8J; 
in October, 8J to 9J cents. 

PERSONAL. 

The M. E. Church appointments for Columbus were Eevs. 
W. Crumley, J. L. Pierce and T. H. Jordan. Eev. J^ E. 
Evans was Presiding Elder of the District. 

A. S. Eutherford was Sheriff; John Sturgis, Clerk of the 
Superior Court; A. P. Jones, Clerk of the Inferior Court ; 
John Johnson, Ordinary ; H. Noble, Tax Collector ; Dan. J. 
Eeese, Tax Eeceiver; J. B. Hicks, Coroner; and Philip La- 
mar, County Surveyor of Muscogee county. 

T. Lomax, Esq., became one of the editdts of the Southern 
Sentinel in February. 

MARRIAGES. 

January 1—William Y. Barden and Eliza D. Jernigan, Francis G. Wilkins 
and Lueinda King. Jan. 4, Benjamin A. Hearn and Mary Decker. Jan. 5, 
Willis H. Jones and Cynthia A. Pace. Jan. 11, James Castleberry and Susan 
J. Cobb. Jan. 15, Nathaniel A. Deblois and Angelica L. Hurd, Hannibal 
Harrold and Elizabeth K. Howell. Jan. 20, George H. Decker and Sarah 
Gibbs. Jan. 22, Isham Gallups and Charlotte T. Johnson, John Kamsey and 
Pauline S. E. Bazemore. Jan. 25, Joshua Hutchins and Sarah A. Joins. 
Jan. 28, Thomas J. Cobb and Harriet A. Plannigan. 

February 1—Eldred A. Chatterton and Eachel Lewis. Feb. 2, William 
Kobinson and Georgia A. Kelly. Feb. 4, James Whipple and Alsey W. 
Mays. Feb. 5, Joel T. Scott and Navini J. Wood, Hervey M. Cleckley and 
Frances P. Schley. Feb. 11, Stephen F. McGehee and Adaline Browning. 
Feb. 15, Henry Smith and Matilda Taylor. Feb. 24, John M. Jones and 
Cordelia A. Bidgeway. 

March 4—Madison T. Key and Amanda C. Jernigan, Anderson H. Holmes 
and Elizabeth Garrett. March 18, Martin Duke and Felicia A. Phelps. 
March 19, John W. Suggs and Nancy M. Austin. 

April 5—William B. Fansett and Nancy Carlile. April 15, Henry M. Mor 
ris and Jane E. Searls. April 21, Davis Owen and Catharine B. Lestergett. 
April 22, William H. Cochran and Piiscilla Crawford. April 29, Joseph A. 
Hewell and Aquilla A. V. Dean, Henry Mangham and Louisa Sempler. 

May 4—Thomas J. Trammell and Permelia E. Gunn, Benjamin F. Ray and 
Annetta J. Hall. May 5, George M. Lucas and Sarah P. E. Edwards. May 
13, Alexander B. Huey and Susan A. Edwards. May 20, Henry Johnson and 
Irene Stanfield. May 22, John H. Webb and Sarah K. Gordy. 

June 6—James W. Bolen and Martha A. Carter, William M. Lewis and 
Martha A. Mason. May 10, Benjamin F. Newberry and Sarah J. Starke. 
June 20, John King and Elizabeth Brown. June 24, Lewis Scott and Mar 
tha A. Owen. June 30, Madison L. Patterson and Augusta P. Beuning. 

July 1—William M. Watts and Sai-ah F. Johnson, Charles Brady and Ro- 
samiah Foraii* July 4, Hugh Hall and Isabella A. Senn. July 10, Robert F. 
Pickren and Susan A. Wall. July 13, DeWitt F. Willcox and Julia C. Games, 
Edward W. Brannon and Mary A. Crouch. July 16, Anthony F. Kodgers 
and Martha A. Kowell. July 21, Lafayette Walker and Elizabeth Stephens. 

August 8—Hamilton Boland and Evaline Jones. Aug. 29, Andrew J. 
Floyd and Sarah V. Shippey. Aug. 31, James H. John and Elizabeth J. 
McGlaun. 

September 1—John G. Brooks and 'Permelia Castillo. Sept. 9, John La- 
man and M*ry M. Kodgers. Sept. 23, Vincent L. Averett and Rosannah E. 
Stephens. Sept. 28, Samuel E. Whittaker and Henrietta Leonard. 

October 4—Eldridge H. Calhoun and Ellen Blankenship. Oct. 5, Asa W. 
Chapman and Laura A. Ward. Get 13, Abner C. Flewellen and Sarah T. 
Shepherd. Oct. 14, Henry S. Dufiee and Elizabeth M. Kus, Wootson 
Gooldsby and Epsy Johnson. Oct. 19, Cyrus A. Koyston and Mary F. 
Calloway. 

November 3—Jesse Goodwin and Mary C. K. Johnson. Nov. 7, Joseph J. 
Shippey and Martha A. Hamar. Nov. 9, William E. Bryan and Elvira A. E. 
Eandall, John E. Deunard and America Atldnson, John J. Oliver and Mary 
C. McGrady. Nov. 10, Simon Stern and Betty Heller. Nov. 11, James Bur- 
rays and Martha Putnam. Nov. 14, G«orge W. Cherry and Elizabeth Dean, 
John N. Bragg and Harriet Watkins. Nov. 18, David Garris and Mary Eob- 
inson. Nov. 29, Samuel Klein and Mina Wolff. 

December 2—Thomas B. Norris and Kebecca J. Cook. Dec. 5, Jeptha D. 
Wilkinson and Barbara A. Keed. Dec. 7, Henry W. Wood and Mary E. Pat 
terson. Dec. 10, James Thomas and Elizabeth Harper. Dec. 11, Benjamin 
F. Nunnelee and Elizabeth Shippey. Dec. 16, Bassill M. Milton and Jane 
Johnson, Thomas Hamar and Sarah J. Lokey. Dec. 19, James Eyre and 
Catharine Murphy. Dec. 21, Daniel Y. Morrell and Susannah Wallace, 
Wherry M. Cannon and Belsy A. Nelson. Dec. 23, Francis A. Yarbrough 

 62 

DEATHS. 

WATER WORKS QUESTION. 

63 

m 

and Caroline Eodgers, Joseph Dimon and Sarah M. Skinner, Henry L. 
Martin and Kosannah Stewart. Dec. 29, Benjamin F. Doles and Elizabeth 
J. Holcomb. 

DEATHS. 
(FEOM THE SEXTOK'S BEPOBTS.) 

January 4—Cornelia Brickhouse; 6th, Jaines Ivey ; 7th, child of David 
Hudson ; 8, Miss Lewis ; 17, Mr. Herne ; 18, Elizabeth Calhouu ; 22, child 
of Mr. Eaton ; 23, Jaines Simpleman; 25, Mr. Browning; Elizabeth Eaton ; 
31, George Kobison. 

February 5—Shadrack Sanders ; 6, Mary Wilson ; 10, —— Conoway ; 11, 
Thomas Maddox; 13, child of John Clark; 15, Nancy Loving; 25, Mr. 
Pike ; 29, Esther Jepson. 

July 1—James Savage ; 2, a child of Mr. Lewis; 8, a child of Mr. Holley; 
10, a child of Mr. Whittlesey ; 14, John Vansant; 17, child of Mrs. Cross- 
man ; 20, child of J. Chisholm; 21, James Hammock; child of Mr. Lloyd; 
23, child of M. McGowen ; child of Mr. Van; Patrick Sullivan ; child of 
Mrs. Tendall; 29, child of Mr. Nix. 

August 1—Child of Mr. Norris; 5, Jordan Newby; child of Sarah Sanders; 
12, Henry Crumwell; 13, J. F. Chisolm ; 15, Mrs. Magner; child of Mrs. 
Stubblefield; 17, John Lewis. 

September 1—Child of Mrs. Pettis ; 5, Ann McKenzie ; 9, child of Mrs. 
Hiatt; child of Mrs. Hackrey ; 11, Miss Murphy ; Martha Faulkenberry ; 
12, child of Sarah Sanders ; 26, Willis S. Cooper ; 27, Mrs. Webster ; child 
of Mr. Finchin; 28, child of Mr. Webster ; child of Mrs. Stafford; 30, John 
McCarty; child of Mr. Garbin. • 
(PROM THE NEWSPAPERS). 

January — (At Panama) George Chalmers, of Columbus. 

March 4—Mrs. Sarah Vivian, wife of James W. Warren. March — James 
H. Scott. 

April 13—James T. Hives. 

May — Mrs. Nancy Baugh. 

June — B. A. Owens ; 18, Laura Winship, daughter of John K. Sfrurgis ; 
19, Mrs. Frances Vivian Schley; 25, Kobert Parhain, infant son of O. V. 
Brown. 

October — James L. Baugh; 15, Franklin Duncan ; Lucien Strewn, in 
fant son of H. H. Barrow ; 28, Miss Amanda F. A. Patrick; 29, John E. 
Dawson. 

November 17—(in Alabama) George W. Cowdery, of Columbus. 

December 11—Edgar Perry, son of Bines Holt; Dr. John J. B. Hoxey. 

1853. 

Water Works—Mobile and Girard and Opelika Railroads. 

City officers elected on the first Saturday in January: J. L. 
Morton, Mayor; Aldermen—F. G. Wilkins, Win. B. Eobin- 
son, Win. Perry, A. I. Eobison, 0. Danforth, T. M. Hogan, 
F. Jepson, George Pitts, Wm. Daniel, Win. Matheson, Wm, 
Brooks. Clerk, Calvin Stratton ; Treasurer, J. L. Howell; 
Marshal, James M. Hughes; Deputy Marshal, A. M. Eobin- 
son. Council elected Edgar G. Dawson, City Attorney; 
Win. M. Bosworth, Clerk of the Market; Jere Terry, Sex 
ton ; Dr. T. J. Brooks, City Physician ; Ephrairn C. Bandy, 
Bridge Keeper ; Burnet Ingram, Hospital Keeper; Joel T. 
Scott, Magazine Keeper; E. Birdsong, J. C. Calhoun, J. S. 
Hill, J. S. Ivey and Lewis Livingston, Port Wardens; Willis 
Holstead, Win. Y. Barden, Dr. T. Hoxey, J. K. Eedd, J. M. 
Everett, W. G. Andrews, John Kyle, J. W. Frost, Win. C. 
Cooper, Pat Adams, J. Seely and T. E. Herendine, Health 
Officers ; E. Barnard, H. T. Hall, Win. Gesner, E. E. Goetch- 
ius, George H. Peabody and Thos. W. Kelly, Fire Wardens; 
Thomas Eagland, City Printer. 

Wiley Williams was on the 8th of January elected an Al 
derman of the 5th Ward. 

An ordinance authorizing the issue of bonds to pay the 
city's subscription of $150,000 to the Girard Eailroad, was 
finally passed on the 26th of January. 

Judge Iverson having, in January, proposed to sell to the 
city the water-works then supplying water from the neigh 
boring springs, a committee of Council made a report on the 
extent and condition of these works, from which we copy the 

following: 

That the franchise or privilege granted by the Mayor and City Council of 
Columbus to the original proprietor, was for forty years, and made in 1844 
it still has 32 years to run ; that the proprietors have a deed of the present 
•spring or fountain head from Col. Seaborn Jones, -which has 25 years to run; 

 64 

WATER WORKS—REPORT OF COMMITTEE. 

that easment or parol licences have been obtained from the owners of the 
lands through which the pipes run; that there is a written license from Col. 
John Woolfolk, which is on record; that the distance from the spring, 
which is commonly known as Leonard's Spring, to Broad street in the city 
is about three miles ; tbat there is a chain of pine logs of 3^ inches calibre 
from the spring to Broad street, and lateral pipes of smaller dimensions in 
several other streets, making in all probably four miles. The first two miles, 
beginning at Leonard's Spring, is considered by your committee in good 
order ; the balance of the pipes are in bad order and require repairing, but 
to what extent your committee has been unable to ascertain; that the 
water flows freely through the first two miles, but is obstructed in the latter, 
and that therefore the supply reaching the city is limited and greatly less 
than the spring could afford. The spring (according to measurement by B. 
V. Iverson) discharges at the rate of 150 gallons per minute, making over 
200,000 gallons per day—a supply which, if conducted to the city, would be 
sufficient for a population ten times larger than the present. At the present 
there is not probably one-fourth of the supply discharged into the pipes at 
the spring, from the imperfect condition of the works; at, however, ths 
outlay of $100, the whole of the water could be discharged into the pipes at 
the fountain head; that more than three-quarters of the water that enters 
the pipes is lost on its way to the city ; that the number of hydrants hereto 
fore supplied has varied from 4f> to 90 per annum, as the supply warranted; 
at present the number in actual use is between 40 and 50. There is no 
doubt that if the supply of the water was constant and abundant, the num 
ber of hydrants would in a short time, probably within two years, reach 300 
hydrants, at an average of $10 each, which would bring a revenue of $3,000 
per annum. There is no doubt that Leonard's Spring, the present fountain 
head, is not only the best, but the only source in the vicinity of the city 
from which a supply of good spring water can be obtained. 

The Committee proposed the construction of a reservoir 
about one mile from the city, at some point below Woolfolk's 
spring, into which the existing wooden pipes would conduct 
the water from the spring, and a chain of iron pipes from 
this reservoir into the city—say of 6 inch caliber. They 
estimated the cost as follows: Purchase from the proprietors, 
$3,000 ; reservoirs and conductors at Leonard's, $100; res 
ervoir below Woolfolk's Spring, $75; cost of one mile of 
iron pipes from last reservoir, $6,000—making in all $9,175. 
They estimated that a sufficient quantity of water could be 
brought into the city and 300 hydrants be erected at an 
expense which would not exceed $10,000. They recom 
mended the acceptance of Judge Iverson's proposition. 

SECOND SUBSCRIPTION TO MOBILE & GIRARD R. E. 65 

On motion of Alderman Williams, Council authorized the 
Mayor to employ a competent engineer to make a survey of 
the route and report. It also instructed a committee to as 
certain at what price the fee simple title to the springs could 
be obtained. We do not find any report on these questions 
by the engineer, but a few weeks afterwards Judge Iverson 
asked for an extension of the privilege for supplying the city 
with water, and the City Attorney was instructed to draw up 
a contract to that effect. The committee reported that the 
fee simple title to the springs could be bought from Colonel 
Jones for $2,000. The report was laid on the table. 

Charles T. Pollard, President of the Montgomery and West 
Point Railroad Company, in August, asked a modification of 
the restrictions imposed by the city in subscribing to the 
stock of the Opelika Branch. He asked the right of way 
across the river and over the North Commons to a designated 
depot lot. A committee of Council reported against any con 
nection of the road with the Muscogee depot, and against 
granting a lot for a depot at the place asked, but proposed 
granting a lot on the North Common north of Oglethorpe and 
Jackson streets. The committee reported a contract to this 
effect on the 26th of August, which Council adopted. The 
Railroad company was to pay for the lot or right of way by 
a certificate for 120 shares of stock in the road. Council 
subsequently reconsidered this action. 

A question of much interest and controversy during the 
fall and winter of this year was a second subscription of 
$150,000 to the stock of the Girard Railroad (now called the 
Mobile & Girard Road.) T§e question had been submitted to a 
vote of the people, and decided in favor of the subscription; 
but its opponents in Council contended that the vote was so. 
small that it could not be regarded as a certain expression of 
the popular will. They proposed to submit it again to the 
people at the regular city election in January. The support 
ers of the subscription insisted that the funds were needed at 
once to procure iron for about 22 miles of the road bed then 

 66 

INCIDENTS. 

' 

ill 

about ready, commencing at Girard. A condition of the 
subscription was that it should be expended on that part of 
the road between Girard and Union Springs. The ordinance 
authorizing the subscription was finally adopted in Novem 
ber. The Mayor entered a protest, and many motions to de 
lay or impose conditions were made in Council. 

INCIDENTS. 

The city assessors reported their valuation of the taxable 
property in the city $1,597,925. 

The cars on the Muscogee Eailroad were running this 
spring to Butler, and the Southwestern Railroad was com 
pleted from Macon to Reynolds within ten miles of Butler. 
This gap was filled up in May, and a continuous railroad 
communication opened to Savannah. 

A great railroad jubilee, to celebrate the completion of the 
railroad line to Macon, was held in the city on the 20th of 
of May. Among other interesting incidents, the Mayor pro 
duced some water from the Atlantic ocean and mingled it 
with the water of the Chattahoochee, in typical union. 

A fire on the night of the 19th of February consumed the 
old Theatre building on Crawford street, the livery stable of 
Dudley & Martin, and the residence of Mrs. A. J. Hall. 
Messrs. Dudley and Martin lost most of their carriages, bug 
gies, &c.; Mrs. Hall, all of her provisions and kitchen furni 
ture ; and other persons lost goods in the houses. The fire 
originated in the Theatre building, and was believed to have 
been the work of an incendiary. 

The steamboat Retrieve struck a rock in the river, a short 
distance above the junction of the^Flint and Chattahoochee, 
and sunk on the 18th of February. She was going down, 
and bad 1,000 or 1,200 bales of cotton, much of which was 
lost. A negro man of Columbus was drowned. 

A very severe storm swept over the city on the 8th of 
March, unroofing and otherwise damaging houses, prostrating 
chimneys, fences, &c. The damage done in the city was es 
timated at $50,000 or $100,000. No lives were lost. The 

INCIDENTS. 67 

new Methodist Church in Girard and the bridge across the 
creek were blown down, and the storm swept a considerable 
portion of the country with like effects. 

William, eldest son of Judge Robt. B.'Alexander, deceased, 
lost his life on the 5th of March, by an accidental punch or 
stroke with a small piece of wire in the hands of another 
boy with whom he was playing. The wire entered his fore 
head just above one eye, and penetrated to his brain. 

There were very heavy rains about the middle of March, 
and the river rose to a great height. The train of cars on 
the MusCogee Railroad fell from a trestle which gave way, 
some eight or nine miles from the city, on the 18th, and Mr. 
Charles D. Schoomaker, the engineer, and a fireman named 
Gilmore were instantly killed. No passengers were hurt. 

Charnot Newberry was killed by Lewis Jernigan, in a diffi 
culty between them at the corner of Oglethorpe and Frank 
lin streets, on the 27th of March. Pistols were used. 

Joseph Updegraff was on the 17th of April, run through 
the body with a sword cane, by Britton McCullers, and died 
a few days afterwards. 

On the 27th of May, the kitchen of F. G. Wilkins on 
Oglethorpe street, and the same night the dwelling of Mrs. 
Williams on Forsyth street, were burned. • 

A woman named Fish fell or threw herself into the river 
on the 24th of May, and was drowned. 

Council in September subscribed $10,000 to the stock of 
the Gas Company, payable in bonds. The bonds were made 
payable in 25 years, bearing 7 per cent, interest. 

The receipts of cotton up to the 16th of May amounted to 
55,893 bales. Prices—7J to 9|c. in January, 7J to 9J in 
March, 9J to 10£ in April, 8J to 10 in May, 9 to 9| in Octo 
ber, 8 to 9 in December. 

The factories, that had been compelled to suspend after the 
breaking of the dam in the spring, resumed work in June; 
also the Palace Mills. 

 68 PERSONAL—MARRIAGES. 

The extensive building used by Messrs. J. & M. Barringer 
as a sash and blind factory and carpenter's shop, was burned 
on the 1st of July. 

The first bale of new cotton was brought in on the 18th of 
August, by A. H. Eowell, of Kussell county, Alabama, and 
sold at 11 cents. 

The steamboat Franklin, on a trip from Columbus to Apa- 
lachicola, with 1,100 bales of cotton, took fire on the 27th of 
December, and was consumed, cargo and all. 

PERSONAL. 

Jordan L. Howell and John J. McKendree were in January 
elected Magistrates of the Upper District, and F. M. Brooks 
and John Quin of the Lower; James Lloyd, Wm. Nix, John 
Tilly and E. H. Calhoun, Bailiffs; Bethune, Weems, Eagland, 
Flewellen and McGuire, Justices of the Inferior Court; 
Noble, Tax Collector; Eees, Tax Eeceiver. 

Messrs. Gettinger & Barschall, Arnold & Eobinson, Patrick 
Duffle, Thps. S. Hays, Eichard Eobinson and Charles Bize 
had stalls in the market this year. Their aggregate rents 
amounted to $178. 

E. C. Forsyth was appointed Postmaster this year.' 

Edward Birdsong was in June elected Clerk of the Supe 
rior Court, vice John Sturgis, deceased. 

Eobt. T. Simons and John Cleghorn were elected extra 
Deputy Marshals in February. 

Thos. W. Scoonmaker was, on the 1st of March, sworn in 
as an Alderman in place of 0. Danforth, resigned. 

E. H. Musgrove was in March elected an Alderman in the 
place of Aid. Eobinson, resigned. 

John T. Ector and F. M. Gray were elected Aldermen in 
October, to fill vacancies. 

James J. Slade was in June elected an Alderman, to succeed 
Aid. Wilkins, resigned. 

MARRIAGES. 

January 3—William W. "Whipple and Mauria Fletcher; 5, William Kyne- 
hart and Mary A. E. Hinton; 6, John W. B. Mehaffey and Susan Copeland, 
James M. Simmons and Letitia B. Marcrum, Thos. Hudson and Eliza Vick- 

MARRIAGES. 69 

ers; 8, Ridinrd H. Shirley and Mary Ann Smith; 19, Benjamin Wooton 
and Elizabeth Read; 22, John Younger and Margaret Thompson; 25, Benja 
min S. Cummins and Mary T. Lokey; 27, Edward M. Weems and Teresa E. 
Sapp. 

February G—Luther T. Vmsou and Elizabeth C. Nix; 8, John T. Pructi, 
and Susan R. Mealing; 10, James A. Caffey and Mary A. E. Lanier; 15, Alien 
Lambertsou and Fannie Brown; Ifi, Thomas L. Morris and Martha E. Wil 
son, Benjamin Beall and Henrietta S. Hodges; 17, Kinsey Davis and Harriet 
Piggot, Charles E. Dexter and Clara M. Hodges; 20, William Hawes and 
Martha Smith; 24, Richard C. Taff and Nancy A. P. I. Hale. 

March 10—George T. Bray and Sarah Eady, Thomas J. Watt and Sarali J. 
Kimbroiigh, Enoch Bland and Lucy A, Jemison; 27, Miles A. Hearn and 
Mary Corlee, Joseph P. Whittlesey and Rebecca J. Schley, Cornelius S. Whit 
tlesey and Ann Maria Schley; 31, Aaron Fussell and Elizabeth Wooton. 

April 6—Henry H. Sizemore and Cassa A. F. Goss; 10, Jonathan A. B. 
Williams and America A. Frazier; 14. Elijah Martin and Lucinda Champion; 
20, Joseph W. Morris and Elizabeth Jones; 27, Isaac T. Robinson and Mary 
A. Mencham; 28, David Gumi and Mary A. Nappier. 

May 5—William D. Miller and Isabella Browning; John I. Day and Nancy 
A. Brooks; 8, Gideon Easterwood and Laney Owens; 12, Charles A. Hausler 
and Scilla A. Roscoe: 13, William D. Brooks and Sarah J. Scott; 15, 
Sherard Statham and Abigail Pike; 1!), James M. C. Luker and Elizabeth 
Blackmon; 29, Calvin A. Hearn and Epsy J. Hall; 31, Robert Badkins and 
Judith Updergraff. 

June l(i—James Lockhart and Amanda Parker; 22, Henry T. Hood and 
Elizabeth Averett; 30, Bryant Howell and Nancy A. Brooks. 

July 5—Lovic P. Faun and Mary J. Haskin ; 7, William C. Rice and Sarah 
E. King; 8, William McCandless and Sarah A. F. Nix; 14, Thomas G. Pond 
and Mary C. Jones; 17, James H. Jones and Susan Clark; 19, William 1). 
Johnson and Anna L. Twitty; 23, John Butts and Mary Kale; 24, George 
W. Gunu and Amelia Milam. 

August 1—James R. Rodgers and Anna M. Hudson; 2, John L. Truax 
and Ida Burues; 3, Daniel M. Patterson and Mary Fudge; 4, Jas. Measels and 
Mary Moukus, William Davidson and Leah Colee; 7, Thomas J. Stephens 
aud Mary E. Sessions, James C. Hall and Sarali Riley; 11, Joshua G. Cobb 
and Matilda A. Phillips; 14, Joseph G. Terry and Sarah A. Teat; 16, Casper 
Lewis and Catharine Roland, Charles Field and Nancy Roland; 18, Thomas 
J. Skinner and Louisiana Patrick; 25, Thomas Jordan and Leviilia C. Arnold; 
28, James Smith and Sarah Lipsey. 

September 2—William E. Brooks and Martha Alien; 4, William F. Pike 
and Mary J. Mason, James W. Wilson and Susan Cook; 8, Henry C- Vigal 
ttnd Helen Wooldridge; 14, Edmund Cartledge and Euphemia G. Thornton; 
20, Bun-ill Bartlett and Amanda M. Thomas; 22, Walker Cartledge and Pris- 
cilla Cartledge, John S. Wellborn and Amanda S. Barren; 27, James N. 
Smith and Elizabeth Lee; 29, Robert Reid and Sarah Joins. 

 70 

MABRIAGES—DEATHS. 

October 2—William Phillips and Abey E. Sanders; 0, Biirrill Bartley and 
Eliza Bartley; 13, Thomas J. Coleman and Mary A. E. Baker, Lewis Kobin- 
son and Elafan Northington; 15, David Cnlpepper, jr., and Elizabeth Butler; 
16, Adam f. Jones and Sarah A. Weaver; 18, Charles A. Goosuch and Par- 
shamia L. Cook; 24, William Holley and Elizabeth Kelly; 25, Jamee Bond 
and Sarali Silas; 28, John W. Kutledge and Martha C. Koland. 

November 3—Jacob Heil and Frederika E. Sternberg; (i, Henry J. King 
and Mary E. McCook; 7, David Kichey and Martha Lewis; 17, David Wynn 
and Susan Wooldridge; 20, William A. Bartlett and Kutha Hall, William D. 
Adams and Kebecca E. Waddell; 24, William H., Glaze and Priscilla Jackson; 
27, James A. Caswell and Mary A. Clark: 28, Kobert B. Green and Susan 
Odom. 

December 1—Joshua J. Pate and Epey Browning; 4, Kobert C. Kedding 
»nd Martha McLester; 8, Abner Howard and Sarah Glaze; 14, Absaldki D. 
Wooldridge and Lucy A. Green, Charles A. Kedd and Eugenie A. Weemsj 
Kobert C. Patterson and Hester A. T. Fincher; 15, William J. Coffield and 
Elizabeth Welch; 22, Benjamin W. Orr and Martha M. McBride, John A. 
Frazer and Mary Tommy; 25, Israel F. Pickens and Mary Dunning, Henry 
A. Scott and Virginia A. Lester; 27, Henry K. Toler and Martha J. Nichol- 
soii; 28, Aaron Cordery and Sophia Haynes; 29, John A. Jackson and Eliza 
beth A. Count. 

DEATHS. 
(FROM THE SEXTON'S BEPORTS.) 

January 1—Mary Kowe, P. Hancock, and Mrs. Coker's child; 4, W. S. Mar 
ble ; 9, Clara Wynn ; 12, Thomas Spivey ; 21, James Collins; 28, Holcomb's 
child; Mrs. Barrand's child. 

February 3—G. Kichard's child; 8, Julia A. Kichardson ; 9, D. G. Up- 
church ; 10, Clara Frey; A. J. Hall; 13, T. Schley's child; 1G, Thomas Mc- 
Kennel; 18, Thomas Kelly ; 19, Gammon's child; 25, Mrs. Curry. 

March 8—William Alexander ; l(i, N. P. Foster; 19, C. Schoonmaker; N. 
Gilmore; 22, G. Kedd's child; 28, C. L. Newbery; 30, Mr. Dowd's child. 

[N. B.—We presume that all of the dates given in the Sexton's lists are 
those of the interments of the bodies, not the dayt> of death.] 
(FROM THE NEWSPAPERS.) 

April 8 (in Albany, Ga.)—Mrs. Barbara Day, of Columbus; 22, Miss Sarali 
A. Burt; 24, Mrs. Alice Ann McCardel; 25, Warren, child of John G. Dolly. 

May 1—James Terrell, infant son of Charles E. McCardel; 18, Mrs. Fau- 
nice B. Stoddard, Anne T., daughter of T. M. Hogan; 22, John K. Sturgis, 
Clerk of the Superior Court; 28, Chipley, son of J. D. Williford; 29, Mrs. 
Frances Love. 

June 7—Patrick B., son of David J. Barber; 12, Samuel Baes, eon of 
Lewis Livingston ; 15, Thomas Daniel, son of K. G. Parkman. 

July 6—John 3. Hickey ; 25, Jacob D. Hightower, of Greene county; 31, 
John Caldwell. 

August 14—Sarah Virginia, daughter of R. H. Harris; 25, Joseph J- Bal- 

CITT OFFICIALS. 

71 

lenger ; 27, John Neal, son of B. F. Griggs ; 28, Mrs. Elizabeth Broadnax ; 
— John Ward. 

September 4—Julia Munro, daughter of Samuel Bonfoy; 5, (m Montgom 
ery, Ala.,) John B., eon of S. B. Harvell of Columbue : 13, (in South Natick) 
Mrs. Lucretia M. Curtie, of Columbus; 19, A. L. Bryan; —, George S. 
Carey. 

October 6—Mrs. Sarah C. Griggs; —, Alex. C. Hickey ; 27, Nicholas Ware, 
son of Dr. K. A. Ware. 

November 10—Major Thomas M. Nelsou. 

December 24—Mre. Ann J. Bingham. 

1854. 

Election of Aldermen ly their respective Wards, &c. 

The city election of this year was held in accordance with 
the provisions of an act then peiwKng in the Legislature, au 
thorizing the election of two Aldermen for each Ward by 
the voters of their respective wards alone. After the elec 
tion, an act was passed making it legitimate. The election 
was held, as usual, on the first Saturday in January, and the 
most influential question at issue was the ratification of the 
city's second subscription to the stock of the Mobile and 
Girard Eailroad. Dr. John B. Bacon, the successful candi 
date for Mayor, had published a card in which he announced 
that he would not sign the bonds until satisfied that a major 
ity of the people approved the subscription. The vote for 
Mayor stood—Bacon 469, Morton 303. The following gen 
tlemen were elected Aldermen: 1st Ward, Harvey Hall, B. 
H. Musgrove; 2d, J. T. Coleman, Wm. Perry; 3d, T..M. Ho 
gan, Thos. K. Wynne; 4th, George I. Pitts, Wm. Daniel; 
5th, Joseph Thomas, John Quin ; 6th, J. A. Vrooman, H. J. 
Devon. Marshal, George Gullen; Deputy Marshal, John F. 
Cleghorn; Clerk, Calvin Stratton; Treasurer, J. L. Howell; 
Sexton, Thos. Nix. 

Council elected Bphraim C. Bandy, Bridge-keeper; K. T. 
Simons, Clerk of the Market; Edgar G. Dawson, City Attor- 

 72 

A TRAGEDY. 

LOCATION OF THE OPELIKA BRANCH E. E. DEPOT. 

73 

ney; Richard H. Lockliart, City Physician; Mrs. Isabella 
McGee, Hospital-keeper; Port Wardens—Peter Preer, John 
C. Calhoun, J. L. Hill, WillisP. Baker, J. M. Everett. Health 
Officers—J. J. McKenclree, J. B. Wright, Daniel Me Arthur, 
C. B. Teasdale, E. Dudley, S. Ogletree, Geo. W. Martin, N. J. 
Peabody, John Durkin, Wm. Matheson. Magazine-keeper— 
John Whitesicles. 

Messrs. Bethune & Reynolds, of the Corner Stone, were City 
Printers this year. 

A. J. Welsh was in January elected an Alderman of the 
1st Ward, vice Aid. Musgrove resigned; and in February J. 
L. Morton was elected an Alderman of the 5th Ward, vice 
Aid. Thomas, resigned. 

The Treasurer's report showed the total receipts of 1853, 
$27,096 69, disbursements $24,442 15. 

Wm. Holly was in February elected Magazine-keeper, vice 
John Whitesicles, resigned. 

The assessors reported the value of real estate in the city 
this year, $1,894,200. 

A tragedy, which caused great excitement in the city, oc 
curred on the 27th of February. Alex. M. Robinson, Deputy 
Sheriff, attempted to arrest David Wright, jr., and Jack 
Boycl for disorderly conduct, and Wright, as soon as the offi 
cer tapped him on the shoulder, turned quickly and shot 
Robinson with a pistol. Robinson was conveyed into the 
Times office, and died in a few minutes. Wright and Boyd 
ran, and were pursued by the city watch and citizens, the 
watch firing at them several times. Wright was quickly 
overtaken and brought back; and Boycl was arrested the 
next clay. They were committed to jail. The citizens held 
an indignation meeting, but did not attempt to take the exe 
cution of the law into their own hands. At the August 
term of the Superior Court, Boyd was found guilty as princi 
pal in the second degree in the murder of Robinson, but re 
commended to the mercy of the Court. The Court, however, 
sentenced him to be hung on the 27th of September, and his 

counsel took an appeal. The case of Wright was continued. 
On the 24th of October Wright escaped from jail, in com 
pany with a negro prisoner. The escape was effected by 
means of a file or saw furnished from without, with which 
Wright first released himself from his shackles. With a 
false key he opened the cloor of his cell, and emerged into 
the passage. Here the negro man was confined. The two 
took off the cell cloor, and with it as a lever the bars of the 
window were forced apart so as to allow them to escape from 
the building. A reward of $500 was offered by the Sheriff, 
and $100 by the Governor, for the re-capture of Wright. 
He was re-arrestecl in December in the neighborhood of St. 
Andrews Bay, Fla., but not without a determin