The source of this uncorrected OCR text may be viewed in the DjVu format at: http://fax.libs.uga.edu/HD2951xC776/co46 or http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/ugafax/HD2951xC776/co46 the refrigerator of PLANNED PERFORMANCE Performance of any appliance depends upon the specifications to which it is designed and construct ed. Convenience and usability, as well as reliable, trouble-free opera tion, directly depend upon the vi sion and skill with which the fin ished product is planned. Check the specifications of the CO-OP REFRIGERATOR—you'll see why the care with which every feature has been planned means user satisfaction with every aspect of its performance. «HHL COOP 1. Capacity: 9.0 eu. ft. 2. Large, 8-tray freezing unit—two refrig erated shelves for extra fast freezing—freezes 16 pounds of ice at one time—ice-making equh aient: 157^ pounds per 24 hours. 3. Convenient, accurate cold control. 4. Twenty square teet of shelf space—six re movable shelves i one sliding-adjustable shelf; two split shelves). 5. Two vegetable fresheners. 6. Large combination meat-stoiage and de frost tray. 7. Handy storage bin at front of machine compartment. 8. Automatic light - placed to light up every section of the interior. 9. Sileni hermetic unit powered with a 1 6 H.P. electric motor—both permanently sealed in steel. No oiling necessary. 10. Large static condenser requiring no fan. Care and cleaning greatly simplified. 11. Thermal overload switch on motor. 12. Freon refrigerant—safe, non-toxic, non- inflammable, non-corrosive, ever dependable. 13. Capillary-type refrigerant control—never needs adjustment 14. Thermocraft insulation—p roved effi ciency . 15. All steel cabinet—hi-bake, white Dulux exterior finish- porcelain lined inner cabinet. lt>. Chrome-plated exterior hardware. 17. Simple in design, stately in appearance NATIONAL COOPERATIVES, INC. o o- CD O < I O V ^ÜÄü»w*" ^•*>^'" •'"-'''-_L -TM» i" UJ Z QL LO CD é' ,"^w ~* - IK - r : - . - ,- ^ .*•' - '. r I & 5 SS i U 5 1 £ -I „ ,M i \ 2 * Z OP¥- * <» ,„" -* » o. o r> O I oo oo f the Quality Line at lower cost Delivery. ? (see page 15} G N ÖD WS! more kinds more of 'em CO-OP TIRES CO-OP tires will be avail able in increasing quantities throughout 1946. That, in it self, is mighty good news. But, there is other good news which you may have heard, but cer tainly won't mind hearing again. There are more kinds of CO OP tires now. There are CO OP tires for automobiles, for trucks and buses, for tractors, for farm implements, and for bicycles. That's a pretty com plete line for any rural or urban retail store—and it's all CO OP. With this full line of CO-OP tires, you can effectively serve your member-patrons, and thereby serve your CO-OP store. Order from your region al; they will supply you as rap idly as the tires become avail able. Newspaper ad mats on the CO-OP Bar Lug tire will be available through jour regional in January. Ilse them in vour local paper. NATIONAL COOPERATIVES, INC. The Looks o9 Things Light! "Pressure groups exist because we have gotten to think of ourselves as elements in the production process. We fail to think of ourselves a« consumer«. The driv ing power uf the American economy is the free enterprize system. The throttle is [or should be] in the hands of the consumers who alone Lshould] govern the economy—who alone should be in con trol in a democracy."—John M. Hancock, partner of Lehman Bros., and co-author. Baruch-Hancock report. U. S. Goes Santa Claus \ bill to relinquish L. S. rightf to oil in bottom of the Atlantic and Pacific ocean" was passed by the House 108 to LI. The rights, worth several billion dol lars, will go to private enterprize and states. Appliance Cartel? Anti-trust suits against General Elec tric, Westinghouse and two subsidiaries have been filed by the U. S. Justice De partment. Suits were instigated to break alleged international electrical cartels which monopolize I . S. export of elec trical apparatus and equipment needed for reconstruction abroad. Striking Comparison "A milking machine that cuts milking time to thiee minutes per cow is hired help thai works for less than the poorest- paid coolie in China."—Farm Journal, No vember. 1945. (The machine milks one cow for less than 1/50 of nne cent.—Ed. l No Pasaran! "Substantial savings which cooperatives have afforded farmers through mass pur- chasms . . . have helped substantially tu increase that all too fractional consumer's food dollar. . . . Anything which weakens . . . the farmer's right in trade coopera tively will be opposed by the business men, workers, professional leaders and others who comprise the National Citizens Political Action Committee. The tax of patronage refunds from cooperatives musl not pass."—Elmer A. Benson, chairman, executive council. NCPAC, in letter to House Ways and Means Committee. Benefit by Co-op Three fourths of the farmers who do not patronize cooperatives think that prices would go up if it were not for co-op price setting. One-half of those interviewed feel that even if co-ops went out of busi ness now. quality standards would have to stay on high levels to which co-ops brought them.—From a survey by South ern States Cooperatives. Twenty Million Gouge Between 1935 and 1941, $21,714,000 was obtained from patrons by the Great At lantic and Pacific Tea Co. through "stork gains," the government charged in the anti-trust suit against \&P. "Stock gains" are sums secured by retail stores over and above the established retail price sel by the warehouse. INo allowance is made for shrinkage, spoilage, waste, etc., and to offset these, "stock gains" are effected bv such practices as short-weighting;, short changing, boosting of prices at check-out counters, etc., the government charges ex plained. Something for Study Agriculture definitely is on the way to an era of larger farms and more prof itable units, C. R. Arnold, Production Credit Commissioner of the Farm Credit Administration at Kansas City, Mo., de clared recently. "l\ot onlv will we have larger farms which will be much more highly me chanized, bul in trying to solve the prob lems of agriculture, we are likely to do away with the mythical 'average farmer.' The 'average farmer' never has existed ex cept in the minds of those who compound economic statistics," said Mr. Arnold, "but belief in the 'average farmer' probably has been responsible for more unwise and inadequate legislation than any other one factor." The Census Bureau, Mr. \rnold ex plained is already taking preliminary steps lo obtain data in the next census which will segregate farms into four classes; large-scale farms, multiple-unit farms, mid-scale farms, and small-scale farms. This classification, following rather closely the income from the various types of farms, should be exceedingly helpful in drafting future legislation dealing with farm problems, he maintained. Hollywood Separation Divorce of movie production from con trol of distribution is aim of U. S. Depart ment of Justice in a suit filed in a New York District Court, according to a re cent news item. Involved is not only the economic effect of monopolistic practices, but the effects of monopoly upon thea trical arts as media of communication and molders of public opinion- Government Fleet Australia's Federal Cabinet is being urged by labor to keep and run it« fleet of fifty wartime built freighters. Author ities indicate they anticipate that the suggestion may be followed; a large num her of industries have already been na tionalized. New Zealand Ahead Forty-nine standard specification» for household and personal commodities have been issued by the New Zealand Stand ards Institute. This represents 70% of all cost of living expenses, ahout 87% of all foods. Consumers Guide. An official organ of National Cooperatives Inc , The Cooperative League of the USA, and the Cooperative Finance Ass'n ol America Editor, Gilman Calkins ASSOCIATE EDITORS Wallace J Campbell C J McLanauan James L Proebsting ADVISORY COMMITTEE Editois . ....... .George H Ticlienor Educational .Directors... .. E A Whitney Peisonnel Directors . ... .Herbert E Evans Sales & Adv'g Directors . . Goidon E Ne\ms Officers and Directors THE COOPERATIVE LEAGUE Murray D Lincoln, president; Howard A Covvden, vice president; E R Bovven, general secretary; L. E Woodcock, treasurer; Mary Arnold, Charles Baker, R N Benjamin, Perry L Green, A J Hayes, I H Hull, Andrew P Jensen, Wm Liimatainen, Frances Logan, A. J Kmaby, Dwight D Townsend, J P Warbasse NATIONAL COOPERATIVES, INC. I H Hull, piesident; J L Nolan, vice presi dent. Howard A. Cowden, secretary-treasurer; A J Hayes, cliairman, T A. Tenhune, asst secretaiy-treasurer; H S Agster, Charles Baiter, R N Benjamin, E B Chown, Leonard F Cow- den, Ralph Evans, J. A Geddes. J H Gervais, B W. Hogg, H H Hogue, C S Jones, J E Keltner, Laurie Lehtin, William Liimatainen, Jacob Liukku, M G Mann, Bruce McCnlly, Rob ert McKay, Bobert "Neptune C C Patmer, B M Pierson, Boyd Rainey. W B Robins, William Sanderson, Jerry F Shea, R J Scott, J J Sie mens, A. J. Smaby, W E Stough, George TJrwin, L E Woodcorlc, J F Yaeger COOP'VE FINANCE ASS'N OF AMERICA Péri y L Green, president, Glenn S Fox, first vice-piesident; J E Keltner, second vice-presi dent; E R Bowen, secretary; T A Tenhune, treasurei ; Harland Allen, Charles Baker, William W Rlaisdell Andrew P Jensen, Arne Johnson Regional Cooperatives affiliated with National cooperatives, The Cooperative League, and the Cooperative Finance Ass'n of America ALBERTA COOPERATIVE WHOLESALE 107 Bevillon Bids , Edmonton, Alberta AMERICAN FARMERS MUT AUTO INS CO St Paul, Minnesota ASSOCIATED COOPERATIVES 815 Lydia St, Oakland, California CENTRAL COOPEKATIVE WHOLESALE Superior Wisconsin CENTRAL STATES COOPERATIVES 1535 South Peona St CMcago 8, Illinots CONSUMERS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION 318 East 10th St, Kansas City, Missouri CONSUMERS COOPERATIVES ASSOCIATED Box 1150, Amanllo, Texas CUNA SUPPLY COOPERATIVE Madison, Wisconsin EASTERN CO-OP LEAGUE AND WTTOT.1gSAT.1i1 44 West 143d St , New York 30, New York FARM BUREAU COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION 246 North High St, Columbus 16, Ohio FARM BUREAU MUTUAL AUTO INS CO 246 North High St., Columbus 16, Ohio FARM BUREAU SERVICES 221 North Cedar St, Lansing, Michigan FARMERS COOPERATIVE EXCHANGE Raleigh, North Carolina FARMERS TJNION CENTRAL EXCHANGE P. O Box G, St Paul, Minnesota FARMERS T MON STATE EXCHANGE 39th & Leavenwoith St , Omaha, Neb INDIANA FARM BUREAU CO-OP ASSN 47 S Pennsylvania St, Indianapolis 9, Ind. INDUSTRIAL ARTS COOPERATIVE SERVICE 519 West 121st St , New York 27, New York MANITOBA COOPERATIVE WHOLESALE 230 Princess St. Winnipeg, Manitoba MIDLAND COOPERATIVE WHOLESALE 739 Johnson St NE, Minneapolis 13, Minn PACIFIC OOART STUDENT CO-OP LEAGUE Berkeley, California PACIFIC SUPPLY COOPERATIVE P O Box 1004, Walla Walla, Wash PENNA FARM BUREAU COOPERATIVE ASSN 3607 South Derry St, Harrisburg, Pa SASKATCHEWAN FEDERATED COOP'TIVES Saskatoon, Saskatchewan UNITED FARMERS COOPERATIVE COMPANY Duke and George Sts , Toronto 2, Ontario UTAH COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION 526 West Eighth South, Salt Lake City 4, Utah Journal of technical assistance .and information for local cooperative .officers, tlîrectors. employees, and committee members VOLUME 2. NO. I JANUARY 1946 CONTENTS Housing —A Co-op Mu<4 Fourth Graders Form Co-op Co-ops Begin Distribution of Aluminum Roofing Berkeley Builds Member Interest with Training Ten \ears of Growth Walworth County, Wis>. You Gel \Vha1 You Pay For What's [News- The 1945 Co-op Record Help Your Community to Help with CAtîF For Your Co-op Party—Co-op Crossword Puzzle One V,orld—Or 'None! By C. I. McLaiiahan Merchandising Streamliners of the Future By H. E. Bogardm Hardware Fight to Tax Co-ops Goes On Opinions expressed In signed articles are those of the authors necessarily the official policies of the publisher or sponsoring orgal Departments Looks o' Thing» .............. Letters from Reader0 They've Moved Into New Responsibilities, Coming Events l\ews 4bout Commodities In Memoriam Business Activity Current Books and Pamphlets, Fart Book Pages Editorial 5 7 8 y 10 ..15 .16 18 ..20 22 .24 .27 and not lizations. 2 4 ......... 4 ..... 4 12 .17 18 .....20 21-24 26 PICTURE CREDITS P itre 5, Hedricli Blessing-, clucapro and Parent's Magazine page 6 Shaw, Naess and Murphy and Chicago Aich Photographing Co ; pake 7, Milwaukee Journal, page 8 Praine Fumei page <) Leon V Ticliimn, page 14 (bottom), O'Bnen, Wankeslia Wj<= Pag-» 16 Bloor Studio, Toronto, paee 17, Acme, page 10, Manthey, Chicago CO-OP Magazine Is published monthly by The Cooperative League of the USA Business Manager, Oilman Calkins Editorial and business offices, 343 South Dearborn Street, Chicago 4, Illinois Cable address COOPAM Entered as second class matter April 20, 1945, at the postoffice at Chi cago Illinois, undei tie act of March 3, 1879 Printed in USA Copyright 1945 by Tlie Cooperative League of the USA Title registered in U S Patent Office and used by permission of National Coop eratives, Inc Subsciiption Rates One year, $2 50; three years, $6 10 or more copies in one wrapper to same address, $2 per year per copy Single copy price, 25 cents Mailed anywhere without extra charge. Unsolicited manuscripts submitted at author's risk; should be accompanied by return postage Regional Circulation Managers Jack Heino, CCW; Jean Johnston, Indiana; Dorothe MacKay, California; Donaid W. May, Texas, R M. Mitchelï, Pacific Supply; Margedant Peters, Central States, Waltei W White, Midland, W B Bobins, Utah; Doiis Casamello, Eastern CHANGE OP ADDRESS Send old address label with new address to Circulation Manager, CO-OP, Magazine, 343 S Dearborn St , Chicago 4, 111, and allow 30 days for correction of listing Letters from Readers \ South America Coming Dear Sirs Discussion with a recently returned eco nomist with a deal of practical experience in South America Pointe ont that mechanical training1 for growing" industrialization might be veiy helpful in South America A strong" school system attached to the cooperatives there . . (Which yet have tu be built) should speed the npwai d scale of living1 E g~et the impression that the artisans would take very well to the ^o-op idea to everybody's benefit Robin Everett Taber Silver Spring, Maryland And Alaska Bear Sirs. It may interest you to know that after operating" as a auasi-rn-op since 1041 here in Fairbanks we are now incorporating1 as a to011 a fide non-profit co-op under the laws of our territory May we asli that you advise us in what manner we can take steps tu be recognized by The Cooperative League as a true co-op operating" on the Rochdale prin ciples ? We arc now a member of the Grocer's Wholesale in Seattle, and upon making a trip to the States very soon we anticipate doing business with the Pacific Supplj Coopéra tive in Walla Walla, Washington. Herb Pickerîiig Consumers Co-op Fairbanks, Alaska For Broad Cooperation Dear Sirs* I was much impressed with the 'Rural Urban Cooperation" development in Indiana as outlined in your November number As an agricultural economist in the Cooperative Research and Service Division of the Farm Credit Administration, my work is primarily with farmers' marketing cooperatives, and I have discussed with a number nf them the possibilities of their doing business with con sumer cooperatives I have recently become They've Moved Into New Responsibilities C. E. Baker. Manager, Co-op Mills suc ceeding Harold Yoder; formerly cereal technologist. QMC Subsistence Research and Development Laboratory, Chicago Quartermaster Depot. (See story page 19) Charles Radke. Head, hardware de partment, Indiana Farm Bureau Coop erative Association Waldemar Niemalla. Head, automotive appliance department. Eastern Coopera tives Wholesale; formerly manager, Bos ton warehouse. Waino Linna. Manager, Boston ware house. Eastern Cooperative Wholesale; formerly fieldman, New England area, ECW. Vernor Hegg. Associate editor, The Cooperator, New York City; formerly on educational staff, Midland Cooperative Wholesale. W. H. Jordan. Fieldman. Puget Sound (Wash.) area, Pacific Supply Coopera tive; formerly journalism teacher. William V. Torma. In charge of Equip ment and Design department, National Cooperatives; formerly manager, West ern, Division, Council for Cooperative Development. (See page 8.) a member of the Board of the Kochdale Co operative, Inc , in Washing-ton, and am affili ated with four other cooperative oranizations George M. Weber Agricultural Economist, FCA, United States Department of Agriculture CO-OP Gets Around Bear Sirs You might have received some complaints about the May copies of CO-OP nut having arrived in the Frisco area, and I think I can explain why A largue Quantity of our back mail finally raught up and much to my sur prise I had a large roll of May copies of yonr magazine Closer examination revealed that the Postal employees should have opened the roll, as marked on wrap, and sorted the copies Instead, someone noticed my name on the top copy and T received them all These have been placed in the hands of postal authorities and will in due time reach U 1 A Chester Niles SK 3/r USS Medea FPO San Franoispo, Cal Thanks TVar Sirs Your October issue of "CO-OP Magazine" has just anived. and I would say it is the best issue so far with respect to containing cooperative information 3. B. Love President Alberta Co-operative Wholesale Assn , Ltd. Dpar Sirs: Our CO-OP Magazine is doing1 a fine lob It seems to me that every issue shows defi nite impiovement over the previous months Keep up the good work Elton B. Allisun Education and Organization Dept Pacific Supply Coopérative From South Africa Dear Sirs' We are indeed very interested to note from a periodical called CO-OP that you are han dling rust preventive under the title CO-OP You will be interested to know that this Fed eratiou, being- the federal body of the coop erative movement in the Union the share holders of which represent something- like a hundred and seventeen thousand farmers, also handle agricultural requirements under the trade name ol BOEEESAKE As a matter of fact, we expect supplies very shortly of separators specially manufactured for us in Sweden under our trade name Then also, so far as local manufacturers are concerned. Quite a numbei have adopted our suggestion to handle their products under Watch That Number Has your subscription to CO-OP ex pired?- Takt a look at the number under your name on the wrapper to find out. // you number is 4512 or 4511, your subscription has already expired, and we are sending you this additional is sue with the thought thai you may have forgotten to get in your renewal on time. Tf your number is IfiOl, your subscription expires with this issue. To make sure of your February copy, re new ^JOW through your cooperative, or to CO-OP Magazine, 343 S. Dearborn St., Chicago 4. 111. (When 5 or more subscriptions are sent together, the rate is $2 per year, $5 for 3 years) oi^r trade name, in Borne instances in coii- ;iunction with their own Like you \ve feel that there is a considerable sentimental at traction in a cooperative trade name, and the object of this letter is to enquire from you if it is not possible for us to operate to our mutual advantage We feel that you may be able to offer us agencies of goods renuired not only by agricultural co ops, but aleo con sumer co-ops. In connection with consumer co-ops, we have an extremely valuable ally in Mr Cow- den, the president of the Consumers Coopera tive Association of Kansas City, and we are accordingly sending" a copy of this letter to him. There is considerable development in the cooperative sphere in South Africa, and, hav ing1 regard to the popularity of American products, we sineerely hope that this letter will result in business to our mutual advan tage John C. Dissell Geiieial Manager, Boersake Ltd Johannesburg-, South Africa Coming Events I Jan. 78 — Conference on Transportation. National Council of Farmers Cooperatives Edgewater Beach Hotel Chicago Jan 7 19—Appliance Service School, Paci fic Supply Cooperative, Walla Walla, Wash ington. Jan 8—Conference of Cooperative Attor neys and Auditors, National Council of Farm ers Cooperatives. Edgewater Beach Hotel, Chicago. Jan. 8—Conference of Cooperative Editors, Publicity and Membership Workers, National Council of Farmers Cooperatives Edgewater Beach Hotel, Chicago. Jan. 8—Meeting, National Committee for Farm Production Supplies, National Coun cil of Farmers Cooperatives Chicago Jan. 9—General Assembly of Council Dele gates, National Council of Farmers Coop eratives Edgewater Beach Hotel. Chicago Jan. 9-11—Annual Meeting, Ontario Fed eration of Agriculture, King Edward Hotel, Toronto Ont, Canada. Jan. 17-19—Annual Meeting, Dairy Farm ers of Canada General Brock Hotel. Niagara Falls, Ont Jan. 28-Feb 8—Advanced Petroleum Mana gers Training School. Consumers Cooperative Association, Kansas City, Mo (Dates tenta tive) Jan. 28-Feb. 9—Appliance Service School Pacific Supply Cooperative, Walla Walla. Washington Jan 30-Feb 1—Joint Program Coordina tion Meeting, boards of directors. National Coopératives, The Cooperative League. Coop erative Finance Association of America, Chi cago Feb 3-9—Annual Meetings, National Food Brokers Association, Canning Machinery Sup ply Association, National American Grocers Association, National Canners Association Atlantic City, N J Fei) 3-9—Advanced Farm Supply Mana gers Training School. Indiana Farm Bureau Cooperative Association, Indianapolis, Ind Feb 5-6—New England Institute of Coop eration Boston, Mass Feb 11 Apr 26—Food Locker Plant School, Kansas State Collee-p Manhattan, Kansas (See page S3.) Feb 14—St Valentine's Day Feb 18-March 2—Appliance Service School, Pacific Supply Cooperative Walla Walla, Washington Feb. 19—Annual Meeting, Allied Distribu tion, Inc Fdgewater Beach Hotel, Chicago Feb 2o-22—Annual Meeting American Waiehousemen's Association Edgewater Beach Hotel, Chicago March 6—Beginning of Lent March 11-23—Appliance Service School Pacific Supply Cooperative Walla Walla, Washington Mar 26-May 31—Food Locker Plant School Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. (See page 33 ) CO-OP Magazine Housing—A Co-op Must A preliminary Inok at consumer needs, tvhat some groups are doing, and the need for quick, aggressive action hy coopératives. ¥ \ the face of indications that profit industry will be unable to provide low or medium income families with adequate homes, cooperative action looms as the most promising answer to the tremendous postwar housing problems that confront us. The nation's housing headache is a cumulative one, a hangover from the de pression-ridden thirties when construction hit new lows. With the onset of war production, improved earnings stimulated building demands, but shortages of ma terials and labor soon interfered. Even in prosperous times, however, new homes were generally beyond the means of the average family. The pent-up demand forecasts the pos sibility of building 1,250,000 homes each year for the first postwar decade. This is the estimate of the National Housing Agency. Unless drastic measures are taken, however, the same pent-up demand forecasts no reduction of price levels in the near future. Consumers Union warns: "If you feel an irresistible urge to buy a home, count sluwly up to a thousand— then don't. Now is the worst possible time to buy. . . The cost nf building today, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is 20% higher than at the out break of war." Co-ops Provided for in Proposed Housing Bi Specific provisions for aid to coop erative housing projects is included in a new National Housing Poliry Bill introduced in the Senate November 14 by Senators Wagner, of New "iork, El- lender, of Louisiana, and Taft, of Ohio. Up to 95 per cent of the cost of cooperative housing would be insured by the government, according to the provisions of the bill, and a maximum interest of 3J per cent would be set for loans to cooperative housing pro jects. The bill, which has bi-partisan and administration support, provides broad ly for both rural and urban housing, slum clearance, low-rent public hous ing, and housing research. Included is provision for extension of FI1 V indi vidual housing finance to 95% of cost of homes under $5,000, 32 years for repayment, and reduction of interest maximum to 4 per cent. Inclusion of the co-op housing pro visions in the bill is Fruit of long tire less efforts by Co-op League Washing ton Representative John Carson. Keep ing them there throughout considera tion and final passage of the bill will depend upon the militant support through legislator-contacts by the co- operators of America Write your senators and representatives NOW— and repeatedly! Many Causes The use of anticpjated building meth ods is a big contributor to the high cost of modern housing. While we have made far reaching advances in the manufac tiire of automobiles, airplanes and hun dreds of appliances and equipment, most homes are built today after the fashion of our 19th century ancestors. Tradition (vested interests) requires that houses be manufactured at the site where costs More thorough search and planning through cooperative action can provide the best of modern design and equipment. This solar house living room gains spaciousness from yard through large windows, and maximum winter sunshine to cut heating cost. Wide eaves keep out summer sun. January, 1946 are high instead of in a factory where specialized producers might, if encouraged, reduce the unit cost of the present type of structure or simplify designs to bring further economies without decreasing the essential comforts and conveniences that the home-user demands. The structural shell which amounts to almost two-thirds of the total cost of house and land is at present built largelj by handicraft methods but lends itself most easily to mass production techniques. A 5U% reduction in costs there would mean a 30% reduction of the entire cosl of the house. Other factors entering into the high cost uf houses are: exploitation of land in minute parcels by real estatr promoters ; some trade union practices that resist re duction of labor requirements—and, thus, labor costs; high prices of basic male- rials controlled by monopolies and car tels; obsolete building codes with unneces sarily strict requirements; lucrative prof it margins to contractors; inefficient dis tribution methods; and exorbitant fi nancing charges. Préfabrication will receive its biggest boosl from Henry Kaiser, the enterprising West Coast industrialist, who plan« to invade the housing field by building whole communities of 200 or moie in which recreational, educational, religious, social and shopping facilities will be provided. The Kaiser program involves the factory assembly of the mechanical heart of the home—kitchen, bath and heating system— and the combination of various standard ized panels into an architectural design making possible the production of struc tural materials on a large scale, but still giving individuality to the finished home. U. S. Steel last year obtained control (Continued on next page) Altgeld Gardens, housing many Negro families at the far south side of Chicago, demonstrates the many advantages for ideal living to be gained when homes are laid out for or by a group without the profit motive dominating. Altgeld residents recently moved their co-op food store into elegant supermarket quarters; the co-op sponsors movies and a weekly newspaper for the community. Housing— I Continued fiom page 5) of the largest American firm handling prefabricated houses. Their claim is that once the foundation is laid workeis can begin assembling the house at 9 a.m. and by 2 p.m. the owner may begin mov ing in. Much of the wiring and plumb ing is built in, requiring minimum con nection work by electricians and plumbers. Pattern for Future Considerable progress has been made in the cooperative ownership of apartments. The most outstanding example is Amalga mated Apartments of New York City, built in 1928 by a trade union group with the aid of several banks. Nearly 1,000 families, who have invested $500 per room, reside in these apartments. The community includes a co-op food store, credit union, electric generating plant i the answer to the high rate? of private utilities), laundry service and milk dis tribution. 130.000 was returned in 1944 as patronage refunds on rents to tenant —owners of the cooperative. The okay by Mayor LaGuardia on the first low-rent cooperative apartments under New York's new Urban Redevelop ment Law came as electrifying news just 4 hours before the end of war. At a cost of $5 million. 710 families will be housed in six 10-story buildings on the lower East Side, paying monthly rentals averag ing $14 per room. The rity is condemning the present slum areas, widening narrow streets and eliminating others. Only 30% of the land will be covered by buildings. Four savings banks will purchase mort gages up to 80% of the construction cost. A. E. Kazan, the guiding light of Amalga mated apartments since its beginning, will manage the new co-op. The Greenmont \illage in Payton, Ohio, and the Walnut Grove homes in South Bend, Indiana, are demonstrating com- pellingly the practicability of mutual housing projects. They operate today at a lower cost than anv other housing project, public or private, throughout the country, and rapid strides have been taken toward complete ownership of the property by the residents. Attention has also been paid in these projects to the organization of community activities in a cooperative spirit. \ family occupies a house but lives in a commimitv. Among the thousands of persons living in the above-mentioned communities, there is little delinquencv and no crime. In a suburb of Chicago, a group of cooperators has just purchased a 130.000 yu-acre farm site on which the York Center Community Cooperative will be gin building soon Ninety families are expected to build homes in the coopera tive village which will make use of modern community development tech niques with plentiful recreation space eliminating dangerous traffic points Mutual bousing projects using the "REA plan" of financing, point to a type of development that will readily meet postwar needs. The Cooperative League worked with Senator Robert Wagner and Representative Jerry Voorhi= on the bills now in Congress calling foi a Mutual Housing Administration to provide credit facilities to housing cooperatives just as the Rural Electrification Administra tion helps in the initial financing of rural electric co-ops. Conversion of federal war housing projects into mutual associations is being urged wherever possible. In Other Lands In Sweden the widespread use of préfa brication greatly accelerated construction of private dwellings, both urban and rural, which can be erected by the owner himself in some instances. Attempts have been made to standardize parts in such manner that houses can be built to the exact needs of a particular family instead of adhering to one of few models. The principle of solar heating is being devel oped with préfabrication. The improvement of Swedish housing is attributed to a large degree to the co operative movement. Largest construc tion enterprise in the country is the HSB Society whose annual volume is |25 mil lion. Some cooperatives have helped fi nance projects in exchange for the right to set up co-op «hopping centers in the community. Societies generally build apartment houses with tenants providing 5% to 10"^ of cost as initial capital. A central fed eration in Stockholm, governed by local co-ops, assists in obtaining mortgages to finance the balance. Banks, insurance companies and public credit agencies sup ply Eunds. Loans from the central fed eration itself, drawn on funds provided by members' savings, aie also used for third mortgages. The Building Societies" Association in CO-OP Magazine Great Britain is investigating post-war participation in housing developments, and cooperative building associations are making strides with new projects in Nova Scotia, Alberta and Quebec. America needs an extensive housing program not only to better the living stand ards of millions but to give productive jobs as well to many of the great mass of workers no longer needed to manu facture weapons of destruction. The coop erative approach is a "natural" in a field where consumeis have been shamefully exploited and have no voice in the setting of costs and quality standards Though the supply of building mate rials and prefabricated units is still low. groups should lose no time in getting or ganized, reaching agreements on overall wants, financing and operating plans. When the breaks come, those who are now napping will be at a disadvantage. Suggested Reading on Housing Cooperative Organizations and the Post war Housing Problem — International Labour Review. 5c Housing in the United States—I. L. O. LOc Mutual Housing Letter—Robert Wagner (from Congressional Record). 2c Cooperative Housing in Sweden — Ulla Aim. 25c Organization and Management of Coop erative Housing Associations — U. S. Dept. of Labor. lOc (new edition due this month) (the above are available from The Cooperative League through your regional cooperative) Houses for Tomorrow—Thomas R. Cars- kadon. New York Public Affairs Com mittee. lOc Building or Buying a Home—B K. John stone. McGraw-Hill. Ç2.75 Manufacturers of Prefabricated Houses and Systems of Préfabrication — Na tional Housing Agency, Wash., D C Free If You Plan to Build or Buj a Home— These Facts Will Guide You—Federal Home Loan Bank Administration, Wash., D. C. Free Land, Materials and Labor Costs—Na tional Resources Planning Board. Wash., D. C. U. S. Gov't Printing Of fice. 30c Legal Problems in the Housing Field— National Resources Planning Board, Wash., D. C. U. S. Gov't Printing Of fice. 25c Housing Costs—Where the Housing Dol lar Goes — National Housing Agency, Wash., D. C. lOc Design of Residential Areas — Thomas Adams. Harvard University Press $3.50 A Million Homes a Year — Dorothy Rosenman. Harcourt, Brace. $3.50 Real Estate Business—a list of references —Helen F. Conover. U. S Library of Congress Mimeo—free Future issues of CO-OP will carry more detailed accounts about existing ( ooperative housing projects, both here and abroad, and specific suggestions as to procedure for both large and small groups.—Editor Fourth Graders Form Co-op, Manage a Real Corporation How Milwaukee &i,hi>ol children are learning about business. Fonperation find democracy hr serving themselves. Story re printed by /»»»mission from the Milwaukee Journal. 1VTAN sized, worrisome word» like "ar ticles of incorporation," "share" and "purchase'" are slipping off the tongues of the pint sized board of directors of Mil waukee's Eighteenth Street School Coop erative association these day». The 40 children in \Tiss Winnie Rosen- berg's fourth grade class began the coop erative project in September, but legally opened shop only recently, when they received the formal charter for the as sociation from the secretary of state. The secretary of state's of fire at Madison in formed Miss Rosenberg that it believed this group was the only incorporated as sociation in a grade school in Wiscon sin. The association was started by Miss Rosenberg to add interest to the teach ing of arithmetic and to "give the future citizens an idea early in life of what makes the business world tick." "But, in addition." Mis0 Rosenberg ?ays, "the co-op has facilitated the teach ing of art, through poster work for tlie association, and language, by the lessons in business letters necessary to correspond with the secretary of state on the asso ciation's incorporation, and it has added 7\y to penmanship and spelling." To date, the association, headed by the board of diiectors comprising the 40 mem bers of the fourth grade clas= and a rep resentative from each class in the school, Jf . \ f •- have sold more than 400 shares in the or ganization at 5r a share to the children at the school. The board hopes to sell 600 shares, one to each child enrolled in the school. While anxiously awaiting their charter, the children opened their retail school supplies shop in the cloakroom adjoining the fourth grade classroom. Serious busi ness has been involved as the board of di rectors visited wholesale school supply stores in town and bargained for pencils, erasers, tablets, crayons, etc., which they in turn have been selling to their school mates at retail prices. Profits will be re turned to the shareholders at the end of the school year. Twice a year, meetings will be held at which all shareholders will hear a complete financial report of the association. During the weeks before Christmas, the miniature businessmen and women rnsiled up paint dishes, rulers and Christmas novelties fur the co-op store. In addition to the training and direction from Miss Rosenberg, the children have been given extensive legal advice by William Kay. a local attorney. Each to His Station Our duty is to be useful, not according to our desires, but according to our ca pacities. -Henrj Fiedenck Amiel. Some of the 40 fourth graders in Milwaukee's Eighteenth Street school are shown here pur chasing 5 cent shares of stock in their school book store cooperative. Under the leadership of Miss Winnie Rosenberg, their *eacher. they have received a state charter for their co-op, are operating the business themselves. January, 1946 t..... finishing touches being put on ne\v CO-OI' Aluminum root ttn the barn nt John Abslme, Elkhart Count} (Indiana) Farm Bureau Co-op member. Mr. \bshire was wrobablj firsi m the cmuitry to ha^e hi& barn cohered with thih m-\v, fine iiualily CO-OP product. Co-ops Begin Distribution Of Aluminum Roofing New material provides light weight, fine insulation, moisture resistance, and goes on over old roof. tance as soon as the shortage of other building construction materials subsides. \t present, available lumber is of inferior quality, and farmers are forced to erect temporary structures that do not warrant the investment of aluminum roofing; when construction material» return to top qual ity, the aluminum covering will be much in demand by both builders and owners. Carload orders have already heen re ceived by INational Cooperatives from Indi ana Farm Bureau Cooperative Association, Central Cooperative Wholesale, Associated Cooperatives (California), Consumers Co operatives Associated (Texas). Consnm ers Cooperative Association, Farm Bureau Services (Michigan), Farmers Cooperative Exchange ilN. Carolina), Midland Coop erative Wholesale, Pacific Supply Coop erative. Utah Cooperative Association. Other regionals are surveying the demand in their territories. took another step forward in services late in November when Mr. John Abshire. member-patron of the Elk- hart County (Indiana) Farm Bureau Co operative, had his new barn covered with CO-OP Aluminum Roofing. Distributed by the Elkhart Co-op lumberyard, the new product combines unique service value with long-life economy. Mr. Abshire's fine livestock and farm implements barn will serve a« an example of the use and economy of the new type of roofing, and the Co-op plans to use it to demonstrate the product to potential patrons. 700 squares (70,000 square feet) of CO-OP Aluminum Roofing have al ready been ordered by the Co-op, which i» thus well launched on its postwar roof ing supply program. Aluminum roofing, although requiring about twice the initial expenditure of steel roofing, is much cheaper in the long run, since it will last approximately four times as long as the steel. As aluminum does not rust, it need nut he painted, while steel roofing must have a fresh roat of paint every few years if it is to last for an} reasonable length of time Three other properties of aluminum give it unique advantages as loofing material. It is very light, and thus reduces trans portation costs considerably. It is a good insulator, and will keep buildings cool in summer, warm in winter. Furthermore, it does a good job of keeping out moisture vapors, and can be applied on open sheet ing, so that the need for special prépara tien of roofs is eliminated. Aluminum roofing, in the opinion of E. L. Smoker, manager of the Elkhart Countv Cooperative, will find good accep- 8 if ill Torma •/»ins Staff of National William V. Torma. chairman of the Equipment and Design Committee of Na tional Cooperatives, join» National's staff as of Januar; 7 to head up its expanding services in these fields. In his new ca pacity he will be in charge of the Equip ment and Design department of National as it relates to service facilities for local cooperatives. He will coordinate the research and planning of member re gionals for service buildings and equip ment, and will direct procurement work in this field at the national level. He will al«o assist Manager T. A. Tenhune with the work of National's growing Building Supplies department. Bill brings with him a background rich in experience with co-op and technical work. His college work included studv of designing, architecture, mathematics and engineering, and he has supplemented this with attendance at various co-op train ing schools. Torma's professional background in cludes work with co-op farm stores, from clerking to managing, work with cream eries and elevators in Western Minnesota, running a garage, and designing and su pervising for a construction firm—an ex perience which he will apply to his new job in connection with National's building supplies program. He worked for Central Cooperative Wholesale as organizational fieldman, taught organization at the re- gional's training school, worked with its visual education program, modernization program, the organization, fixtures and sales departments, helped local co-ops with merchandising and accounting problems. Torma was chairman of National's Pub licity and Education Committee in 1943- 44, has chaired the Equipment and De sign Committee since 1940, and led it in the effort toward improved quality, lower cost and greater uniformity of fixtures, fronts and design for co-op stores and service facilities throughout the regiunals. He was merchandising field assistant for the Edward A. Filene Goodwill Fund in 1941, education director of Centra] States Cooperatives 1942-3, in charge of organization, research and technical serv ices for the Council for Cooperative De velopment for W44-5. He resigns the managership of the western division of the Council to come to INational. William V. Torma. formerly with the Coun cil for Cooperative Development, takes charge this month of new Equipment and Design department, National Cooperatives. CO-OP Magazine Berkeley Builds Member Interest With Unique Training Projects How product analysis education programs and training in use of visual equipment develop member enthusiasm. »ERKELEY (Calif.) Consumer Coop- erative has introduced some unique methods for developing member interest, cooperative understanding and good public relations through member training pro jects, according to recent reports re- reived from Berkeleyman Leon V. Tichinin. Two concrete projects worked out and adopted for action by the membership are concerned with education in consump tion, and training in community educa tion. Product Analysis For "education in consumption," Berke ley picks for special promotion one com modity every month, and "educate«" mem bers and others about the value of that commodity. The product is chosen for its value and attraction for the patron. It may be, for example, a fresh fruit or vegetable, ur a processed item, a farm im plement, motor oil, laving mash or a cer tain fertilizer. To acquaint patrons with the commod ity, an intensive promotion campaign is ar ranged. Pusters and displays are exhib ited at all membership and neighborhood group meetings, and particular advan tages or values of the product are dis cussed. "Phoning committees" contact the membership. Each committee is fur nisher! a list of member« and their tele phone numbers, and everyone on the list is called. The caller explains the advan tages of the month's commodity, and invites members tu meetings and the store to see the displays and to try the product. The society's CO-OP News car ries articles describing the commodity. and announcing that it is available at the co-op. Education Equipment The «econd project is designed to ac quaint members with visual equipment and materials useful in educational work. First step in the project was instruction in running a movie projector. Aim was to make available to the membership a number of persons capable uf running a projector in order to make the most nf opportunities tor showing good films to interested groups. 'The task here, explain« Mr. Tichinin, if largely one of helping people to overcome their feeling of inadequacy: the feeling of mechanical inability to cope with a projector, and the reluctance to use the Telephone for ordering equipment, films, and other materials and service». The procedure of this project is very simple. Several weeks prior to a projector session people are asked to sign up for it, an attempt being made to sign up at least two persons from every neighbor hood group. The class schedule is ar ranged in half-hour periods, and prospec tive students sign up for one of these pe riods. The number of persons signed up for any one period is limited to the num ber of projectors available. In preparation for the class, the in structor procures as manv projectors, amplifiers and allied pieces of equipment as possible. These materials can be ob tained, free of charge, from Visual Aid Industry or any local agency renting or selling such equipment, as these have a business interest in having people in the community who can handle projectors and are therefore likely to want to use them. All equipment is «et up in the largest available room. \ k During the first ten minutes of the instruction peiiod the teacher demon strates how a projector is run, explains the functions of the different parts, and the basic principles involved. For the next fifteen minutes each person is as signed a different model on which he practices setting up the equipment, mak ing the connections, threading, running and rewinding the film, disconnecting and dismantling the equipment. With an able demonstrator, students have little trouble with this. There is time left during the fifteen minutes to exchange machines, so that everybody has a chance to become acquainted with every type of projector in the room. The demonstration and practice periods together take up only twenty-five minutes, so that the instruc- i Continued on next page) UPPER PICTURE: Part of one of Berkeley Consumer Co-op's classes in visual equipment training checks a sound movie projector with CO-OP Magazine's instructions for operating (June, 1945). BELOW- One of Berkeley's "product-of-the-month" exhibits at a member ship meeting. January, 1946 Berkeley Builds— (Continued fiom page 9) tor has an extra five minutes to pul equip ment in order, answer additional ques tions, dismiss the group, and get read} for his demonstration period with the next set of students. In this way students do nol waste time waiting for their turn If they are in time for their half hour pe- ri« One of the sharper-tongued boys suggested this month's cover picture be labeled, "We Can Dream. Can't We7" The Appliance Department assures us. however, that while the washer is a dream, and full-scale pro duction is still an unanswered prayer, the assembly line shown is set to do a big-time Job once "suppliers to our supplier" get their differences with labor ironed out. (See Appliance Production Schedules, page 12.) worth their cost in consumer use, but not just for something special thai "onl} our brand has," the real purpose of which is its use as a sales tool. Slogans—Catch Phrases Slogans and catch phrases are some times good in that they point up a sub ject. But generally they need to be ana lyzed. "You get what you pay for" may be a maxim or an axiom as it relates to life or life hereafter, but it has no mean ing now to prove that relative price in dicates quality and value. So. we urge you; plan on CO OP ap pliances—they are becoming available as rapidly as private brand appliances—and assure your customers of high quality products at a reasonable cost . . . one line of items that are worth what is paid for them. The Way to Teach CO-OP Is to Show YOUR Co-op Your lumberyard, service station or store can be vour most effective piece of educational material. Excellent public relations work can be done by letting people see your co-op. Sunday school classes, businessmen's clubs, labor unions, school groups, womens clubs, may welcome a chance to visit your premises, see them in operation, hear the co-op message. \ fine public relations job of this sort was done b> three cooperatives of Belton, Texas, recently when they arranged a trip to their service plants for more than eighty wounded veterans stationed a1 near- bv McClosky Hospital. So many of the men accepted the invitation, that some Idst-minute requisitioning of additional trucks and private cars was necessary to get all of them to Bellon. More than half of the eighty visitors, according to a re port to the National Association of Co operatives, intend to return to farms after the war, are likely to become active co-op members. At Belton the veterans inspected the physical plants, learned how seven men, borrowing $700, started a business which todaj js worth $49,000 and consists of a grocery store, cotton gin and frozen food locker. T. W. Hander. manager of the co-ops, explained operations, and Joe L. Matthews, Texas A. and M. College, and W. D Seals, county agent, talked about the "how and why" of cooperation. "Thus," reported the local Temple Tele gram, "more than eighty G.I.'° learned how teamwork among free men can help win a bountiful peace, just as teamwork helped them win the bloodiest of wars." Pragmatic View Those tilings that are not practicable are not desirable. There is nothing in the world redlly beneficial that does not lie within the reach of an informed under standing and a well-protected pursuit. There is nothing that God has judged good for us that he has not given us the means to accomplish, both in the natural and moral world. If we cry, like children, for the moon, like children, we must cry on.—Burke. January, 1946 I5 By WALLACE J. CAMPBELL Publicity Director, The Cooperative League WHAT'S NEWS With the Co-ops A brief who, what, when and where of significant co-op happenings for the information of cooperative workers, and others interested Because of space limitations, chronological order will not be strictly followed and important items uecesuanly omitted from one issue will be published later 1945—A Record Year For Co-ops /COOPERATIVE production was the dominant note in cooperative progrès? in 1945 as the purchasing co-ops checked up a record year with an estimated billion dollar business. The close of the war brought also a new turning outward to international cooperative action and prac tical immediate steps to put "postwar plans" to work. During the year just closed, coopera tives purehased two petroleum refineries, one at Levelland, Texas, and one at Louis ville, Kentucky, bringing the total in U. S. and Canada to eleven. They also added to their oil production by the purchase of 164 additional oil wells, bringing the to tal up to nearly five hundred wells, and acquired leases on 35,000 acres of oil lands to put total holdings up to 139,- 000 acre=. Other steps into the field of produc tion during the year included a new fer tilizer factory in Portland, Oregon, anrl a feed mill at Klamath Falls, Oregon; coal mines in Alberta, Canada, and Idaho; additions to the feed mill at Superior, Wisconsin, As the year closed, construc tion was underway for a fertilizer factory at Green Bay, Wisconsin, and a feed mill and a seed processing plant in the Twin Cities. Other production enter prises included a water heater factory at Albert Lea. Minnesota; two new soybean processing plants; saw mills at Canoe, British Columbia, and Benton, Arkansas. A survey completed in October showed 58 mills, factories and refineries owned by cooperatives affiliated with National Cooperatives. To implement post war plans, neM ware houses were authorized, land purchased, or buildings were under construction in Indianapolis; Oakland. California: Chi cago; Superior; Hartford and the Balti more-Washington area. Billion Dollar Year Business of purchasing cooperatives is conservative!) estimated at well over a bil lion dollar? in 1945. The L. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the 1944 volume of four types of consumer coop eratives (1) retail distributive, (2) local service co-ops, (3) credit cooperatives or credit unions, and <4) rural electric co operatives — totaled $841,400,000. The Farm Credit Administration, in a report covering the 1943-44 season, reported the business of purchasing cooperatives at $730.000.000 with additional purchasing business of marketing co-ops pulling this total over the billion mark to $1,010,000,- 000. These two reports are made inde pendently and cover some of the same cooperatives. The Farm Credit Adminis tration figure includes no city coopera tives; the BLS report includes city co operatives but not all kinds of farmers purchasing cooperatives. It is next to impossible to determine the net membership of purchasing coop eratives. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports 6,022,1)00 members in the four classifications covered in its survey, but points out that many families are mem bers of several types of cooperatives. International Advancement Internationa] trade between coopera tives was cut off almost entirely by the war, and other international cooperative activities were severely curtailed. First substantial new business in that field has been orders for oil to be shipped from I . S. co-op refineries to cooperatives in Sweden and France. The first post war international coop erative conference brought representatives of fourteen countries to London in Sep tember. U. S Delegates were Murray D. Lincoln and Howard A. Cowden, president and vice-president of the Cooperative League. At the London meeting steps were taken to merge the operations of the International Cooperative Wholesale So ciety and the International Cooperative Trading Agencv. The conferences also approved the formation of an Internation al Cooperative Petroleum Association to undertake international trade and produc tion of petroleum. At the San Francisco Conference creat ing the United Nations Organization, co operative representatives proposed the formation of an International Coopera tive Office in UNO and urged that the International Cooperative Alliance be rep resented in the Economic and Social Coun cil. This proposal received assurances of considerable support. Late in the year, the Cooperative League took the initiative in the organization of the Cooperative for American Remit tances to Europe (CARE). Twenty-two relief agencies are members. Training; Programs Grow Rochdale Institute conducted one com prehensive course and four advance train ing courses for present and prospective co-op employees, setting a new record of students. Personnel training has been stepped up to handle returning veterans. In education, outstanding developments of the year included a drive bv Ohio Farm Bureau cooperative« for a thousand additional advisory councils, a drive by co-ops in CCA territory to establish 27 district educational federations, addition of educational fieldmen in man} regions. FATHER AND SON MEET AT CONVENTION. Dean of Ontario cooperators, W. C Good, Brantford, was re-elected to the board of the United Farmers Cooperative Co. at the annual shareholders' meeting in Toronto last month. Mr. Good was recently elected honor ary president of the Cooperative Union of Canada following 24 consecutive years as president. Picture was snapped at the United Farmers Cooperative convention as Mr. Good chatted with his son, Alien, of the staff of East York Collegiate. 16 CO-OP Magazine a development program in Eastern Coop erative League area, and an increase in regional training programs. Rounding out the cooperative program has been a growing increase of interest in recreation and youth work. Four regional cooperatives added Youth and Recreation Directors to their staffs during the year to guide the developments. Major em phasis has been on training volunteer leaders. Over one hundred from coop erative and community groups attended the [National Cooperative Recreation School and Educational Directors Institute sponsored by the Cooperative League in June. The Eastern Cooperative Recrea tion School was expanded this year to a two-weeks school; Midland sponsored a two weeks school for the first time; Cen tral Cooperative Wholesale conducted a full summer's program of camping and training at Brule, Wisconsin. Cooperative Serviras Expand At year's end, four new cooperative hospitals are being organized in the Pacific Northwest. \ new hospital was or ganized at Pellican Rapids, Minnesota. Two Harbors, Minnesota, completed its plan for a co-op hospital early in the year. A new nurses home was built to serve the co-op hospital in Elk City, Oklahoma, and general interest in the cooperative health field grew generally. Group Health Co operative in New York added visiting nurse service. Group Health Mutual, St. Paul, reported a doubling of membership; and Group Health Association of Wash ington, D. C-, overcame several hardships of war-time operations. Biggest housing cooperative in America was planned and finances assured with construction to begin as soon as mate rial is available It will be known as the East River Cooperative Homes and will be built at a cost of $5,000,000 in New York's lower East Side. Man> other groups throughout the country are pre paring to build as soon as possible. Facing opposition in Washington, but promising great hope in helping to solve the housing shortage, is a proposal for the cieation of a Mutual Housing Ad ministration which will make feasible long term credit for cooperative housing. In the insurance field, new records were =et all along the line. Farm Bureau Mutual, alreadv the fourth largest mutual casualty company in the country, reported $6,500,000 premium income in the first half of 1945. Farm Bureau Life pushed ilc coverages up to more than $118 million by mid-vear, adding more than f 13 million in coverages. In Minnesota and Wisconsin, the five coopeiative insurance companies operating under joint management re ported gains running from 17% to 45% for the first half of the year. Credit unions, in a drive under the di- lection of the Credit I nion National \s- sociation, reported an increase of mem bership of 50,000 in the first few months of 1945 "National Expansion I ooking toward closer coordination of the national cooperative movement, a loint Committee of representatives of INa- DEMOCRACY THRIVES UNDER STUDENT CO-OP PLAN. Twenty-three young peo ple, including two Negroes, onp Chinese, seven white Gentiles and eight Jews, resi dents of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Student Cooperative House, at Cleveland, are proving that democracy can work and be fun. Product of a co-op student housing movement started late in I938 by I2 social workers, the F.D.R. House, only a few months old, has also proved that such problems as finance and housework can be handled by share-alike m&thods, with everyone remaining friends. tional Cooperatives, The Cooperative League and the Cooperative Finance As sociation of America was appointed in Oc tober and will meet early in 1946 to con sider (1) national organization structure; (2) national staff organization; (3) na tional education, business and finance programs; and <4) national budgets. The Cooperative Finance Association of America, formerly the National Coopera tive Finance Association, was registered with the Securities Exchange Commission in 1945, is now ready for operation. Two additional regional cooperatives. Farmers 1 nion State Exchange, Nebraska, and Alberta Cooperative Wholesale, be came members of National Cooperatives, during the year, bringing the total mem bership in National to 20 associations. Al ready serving more than 3,200 local co-ops with 1,160,000 family members and doing a business in 1944 of $152 million. Na tional took dramatic steps toward further expansion in production. Designs were drawn up and production got under way on new CO-OP refrigerators, radios, va cuiim cleaners, pressure cookers and other appliances. Plans were made for con linued expansion of the I niversal Milking Machine Division of National. New per sonnel was added to the staff in the fol lowing departments: surplus commodities procurement, appliances, appliance dis tribution and coordination; automotive supplies; advertising. Attacks Splutter 1945 saw co-ops weathering increased attacks by the National Tax "Equality" Association. NTEA continued its attack on co-ops "favorable" tax status and brought the matter to the attention of the House Small Business Committee, where representatives of both NTEA and the Na tional Association of Cooperative0 testi fied on the question. Congressmen were also deluged with propaganda from the National Coal Association and the Na tional Hardware Association. Despite large funds at its disposal, NTEA was unable to line up a great many of its natural allies in the field of busi ness. Fortune magazine, after making an intensive study of co-ops, published an article favorable to the co-op's tax posi tion. \ictor Emanuel. president of the Aviation Corp., denounced the attack. Gov. Edward J. Thye of Minn. declared he is "absolutely opposed to the NTEA pro gram of taxing the savings of coopera tive organizations." Another blow was dealt the NTEA when the Royal Tax Commis sion in Canada upheld the right of co ops to declare patronage refunds exempt trom taxation. Other supporters behind co-ops included: Senators Joseph Ball and George Aiken; Eleanor Roosevelt; Secre tary of Labor Schwellenbach; Judge Thurman Arnold: Marcia Davenport; Louis Bromfield; Stuart Chase; Congress man \oorhis; Ambassador John Winant. IN MEMORIAM Sir Roberl Lancaster, general manager, Cooperative Wholesale Society of England foi the past twenty-two years, died in Manchester, England, December 1. Under Mr. Lancaster's care the business volume of CWS increased from £66,205,566 to £166,834,649; an increase uf more lhan a half billion dollars. January, 1946 17 Help Your Community to Help Starving Peoples With CARE/ Local Co-ops Should Contact Other Groups on Relief Plan ' I HIE first announcements of the forma tion of CARE (Cooperative for Vmer- ican Remittances to Europe; have been greeted with a flood ot inquiries, and with offers lu help. Response has come from interested individual« and from some local cooperatives, whose members are anxious to know how thev can most effec- tiverj utilize the double public relations opportunity offered by CARE: the promo tion of TARE work in communities by co-ops, and education of a variety of ac tive community groups in the coopera tive method and philosophy. Ill details as to procedure in carrying oui CARE'b objectives have not yet been worked out, but as soon as possible post- e r s, remittance forms, circulars, ne wspaper stories and oth er aids will be provided. When these materials are distributed, co-ops and chap ters of the other twenty-one member-or ganizations of CARE should be in gear to do an intensive promotion job on thi« vital relief program. \^ith the completion last month of the organization of CARE, the broadest coop erative distribution program in history has been set in motion, and with it the oppor- These men will guide relief work of the Cooperative for American Remittances to Europe (CARE). Seated, left to right: Alexander Landesco, American Joint Jewish Distribution Committee, treasurer of CARE; Murray D. Lincoln, The Cooperative League, president; Donald M. Nelson, honorary president; Lt. General William N. Haskell (retired), Save Hie Children Federation, executive director. Standing, left to right: Eastburn Thompson, American Friends Service Commit tee, vice-president and George Keogh, War Relief Services, National Catholic Welfare Conference, tunity for doing the most efficient post war relief work of all time. Group« and individuals wishing to donate food for relief work through CARE, will buy remittances igift cerli- ficates) from CARE, and the money so obtained will be used to buy food and (Continued on nett page) INDEX 1 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 jf JNrTt TA BUSINESS ACTIVITY JANUARY 1945-100 /" / STOCK^./— — ———— S. / PRICES/ X/ /\ /WHOLESALE / N/ PRICES,/ /~°—=-^ ^gyr^-^ft-f^ast; — y^ ———— • — —*<«»-_- . . . . „^^ TARM^Cr^^ RODUCTION ^-"^" PRICES -v^ ^X FACTORY,^-^ X EMPLOYMENT N \ \ V \\ t 1 1 N FEE MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEP OCT. NOV DEC J/ EC nrPARTMENT n „BOB 1 " *T O f 1 1 ___________ \N FEB MAR APR M 1946 NDEX 130 120 110 100 90 80 i 70 60 50 w Where To? All cooperators, but especially those re sponsible for planning future operations, will want to follow these monthly com posite charts of where we're going. As space permits, the chart of what hap pened after World War I (bee December CO-OP) will he reprinted occasionally in future issues. Compare them for your own forecast—probably as good as anv- one's. SELECTED INDEXES OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY FARM PRICES I2°r __ __ WHOLESALE PRICES ^PRODUCTION FACTORY EMPLOTJ MPLOYMENT 18 CO-OP Magazine send it to Europe, for distribution to indi viduals or group» designated bj the pur chasers of the remittances. An} savings from purchasing will be used directly for additional relief work. Organizations participating in CARE in clude the American Christian Committee for Refugees, Inc.; American Friends Service Committee; \merican Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, Inc.; Commit tee on Christian Science Wartime Activi ties of the Mother Church; Congregation al Christian Service Committee; The Co operative League; International Rescue and Relief Committee, Inc.; Labor League for Human Rights, \FL; National CIO Community Services Committee: Save the Children Federation, Inc.; Tolstoy Founda tion, Inc.; Unitarian Service Committee; War Relief Services, National Catholic Welfare Conference, YMCA-World Emer gency and War Victims Fund and the relief agencies for Czechoslovakia, France, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, the 1'kraine, and Yugoslavia. Manj co-ops are now setting up CARE committees. Even though all mechanic0 for promotion are not yet complete, these committees can already contact local rep resentatives of CARE member organiza tions, arrange for fast, intensive action as soon as full material is received, and keep members of the co-op, the other or ganizations, and the community in general urged to channel their relief contributions for war victims through CARE. Hew Co-op Mills Manager New manager of Co-op Mills, Inc., Mr. C. E. Baker, holds a B. S. degree from Kansas State College; is a member of the \ssociation of Operative Millers, Amer ican Association of Cereal Chemists, and the Institute of Food Technologists. His milling experience includes: night mana ger, Rodney Mfg. Co., Kansas City, Mo.; chief chemist, Schultz, Baujan and Co., Beardslown, 111.; superintendent, Slater Mill and Elevator Co., Slater, Mo.; and Cereal Technologist. Chicago Quartermas ter Depot In ihese positions Mr. Baker has had experience in grading and selecting for processing most types of grains, and in the milling of practically every type of flour and cereal product used by ihe housewife, the baking and industrial trade. He will bring to the cooperatives specialized knowledge of the most recent developments in the field of prepared mixes for such items as doughnut, biscuit, cup cake, yellow cake, devil's food cake, gingerbread, corn muffin and pancake flours. Mr. Baker has also worked in the preparation of ready-to-eat cereals such as macaroni product», rice, rolled oats, corn meal, and hominy grits Two pieces of research by Mi. Bakei have been published: one on uncooked cereal« and wheats, the other on CEREAL GRAINS AND BREAKFAST FOODS. He has also been a contributor to technical jour nals in the cereal and milling fields. Mr. Baker is taking the place of Mi. Harold \oder, \vho resigned because of poor health. His resignation was accepted with reluctance, as the operations of the mill had developed well under his manage ment. Provide Veteran Training First to receive official approval for a training program for general insurance underwriters, according ro The Coopera tive Builder, Cooperative Insurance Com panies, serving Wisconsin and Minnesota, have initiated a veterans' on-the-job train ing program. \ returning veteran is allowed to start his career with an immediate income while pursuing an integrated program of selec tive study and planned work under ex perienced supervision. During a two-year period, the Veterans Administration pays the $50 per month if the person is single, $75 if married, in addition to the salary paid bj the cooperative. Interested persons may contact B. F. Ihlenfeldl, manager, Cooperative Insurance Services, Milwau kee, Wis. C. E. Baker, new manager of Co-op Mills, at Auburn, Ind., replacing Harold Yoder. In Alaska or In Death Valley CO-OP Hydraulic Brake Fluid can take it And your member-patrons will take CO-OP Hydraulic Brake Fluid when they know these facts: CO-OP Hydraulic Brake Fluid . . . operates effectively at temperatures from —60' F. to -|-250 F. (minimum pour point, —70°F.; mini mum boiling point, -|-250' F.) . is harmless to rubber and metal parts . . . mixes readily with other approved hydraulic brake fluids. CO-OP Brake Fluid makes driving safer. Your mem ber-patrons can depend upon its unfailing performance under the worst of driving conditions. When they know that, they will use CO-OP. Promote CO-OP Hydraulic Brake Fluid and you will promote your entire line of high quality CO-OP automotive chemi cals. Tell your patrons what it will do and they will tn it. NATIONAL COOPERATIVES, INC. January, 1946 19 For Your Co-op Party The co-op crossword puzzle below, prepared by George Yasukochi. should make a tantalizing bit of recreation for your next co-op gathering If there is enough de mand, we'll make reprints—or mats for printing in dis cussion bulletins. (Solution on page 25.) Across 1 This Nebraska town has a co-op and is not far from a CCA refinery. 7 Machines manufactiircd by National Cooperatives 13 Commune in Upper Fran coma, Bavaria, Germany 14 Mexican term for her northern neighbor. 18 Cheeks (Greek) 20 A street car in Rochdale, England 21 Someone a co-op can sprve 22 What Lincoln and Cowden disciissed in England re cently (slang). 23 Behold. S4 What NTEA aims to do to co-ops 25 Owners of the coopera tives 27 Northern inhabitant of a group of cooperatively minded countries 29 Central Utah town. 30 To contradict. 33 Part of a tool for con suming 34 Instruments nsed at co-op oil refineries. 36 Lovers of freedom are sometimes forced to be come these ,'*8 Foot-like part 39 To perform an operation on co-op by-laws. 41 Srram 42 Initials of the American representative to UNO 43 Dun't let your co-op's pro gram do this 44 Exclamation some times used after looking at a co-op operating statement 45 Manager of Associated Cooppratives of California 48 A regional cooperative. 51 Thing- 52 Moray 53 Cooperative business. 57 This publication has one or more 62 Top of a wave 66 Jots. 67 A common Latin alpha betic combination b'K "Boards and managers both do this occasionally. 69 A greeting (.abbrev ) 70 A violin made by a fa mous family in Cremona. 71 Poem. 73 A Now York subway sys tem 74 A "Consumers Union" type o f organiz ati on in the investmenl field. 75 Glamour resort of South America 7u Northeast 7"î Article 78 One of the products of co-op study groups (plur ). 79 Exist 81 Initials of Italian physi cist who developed the astatic galvanometer. 82 Hough winds 84 Free from mistake 86 Prefix meaning three 87 Isle (diminutive) 88 Help! 89 Something- co-ops must do constantly 9U Important inlorm a 11 o u about a prospective co-op member Down 1 Whole grains. 2 Grppk oomtiininer form foi metal plate. 3 American Baptist Mis sionary Union. 4 Identification for a co-op 5 To come out 6 Second person 7 Parent 8 Dental fillings. 9 Main business section of Chicago 10 Feminine name ID To put up a stake again 111 poker 13 Slipping1. 13 You'll find mariv in a fekyscrapei. 15 Concerning 16 One of the Co-op appli ances. 17 Educational arm of the cooperative movpmpiit 19 Mental deficiency. 25 The economic way to Peace and Plenty 26 Feminine name of He brew origin. 27 Farmer's Cirsl need. 28 Kecomppnsp. 31 Ideologies 32 To do this is a proper start for a co up gather ing. 35 Red Label 37 The atomic bomb has pul this in the toy nlass. 4u This New Jersey town has a co-op. 46 The lime for co-ops to ex p and 47 Employable 49 To rid of lice 50 A fortress (Sp ). 54 Trouble some pesl for which Co-ops supply an exterminating agent 55 Most consumers did this yesterd ay and today 56 Prosecuting officer. 58 Point for a fault. 59 Tellurium eu Railroad. 61 To bring into line 63 Co-op convention goers seek this always ( ab- brcv. ). 64 An organ very much 111 nse ai co-op meetings 65 Touls for walking 73 Drinking cup. 74 Feminine name oi Span ish origin. 77 Dry. tSU Kind of meetintr 83 Source of wealth of U S Stppl Corporation Rfi TTs f Latin). Current Books and Pamphlets More Pages for Your ZEON : COIJ) CATHODE FLUORESCEXT LIGHTING. Federal Electric Co , Inc , 8700 ri State, Chicago. 111. Free Collection of over twenty photographs (7 in color) of in terior» Illuminated by cold cathode lighting-. With a short introduction pointing out the economy, flexibility of design, and technical advantages of this type of illumination At present only eu stom built it is soon to DP available in standard fixture form SIXTY SPECIAL SALES EVENTS. National Association of Retail Grocers, 360 N Michi gan Ave Chicago, 111. 50 pp Free Mer chandising suggestions for monthly promo tion events. Covers sample feature com modities and related displays, signs, adver tising" methods, plus advertising- slogans useful for local bulletins, newspaper ads bag- stiiffers Full of iisefiü ideas. SELECTION OF STORE FRONTS. Owcns- Illinois Glass Co , Toledo, Ohio. Free At tractive designs, with plates and architects' plans, for 44 different store fronts Sug gestive for those considerine1 remodeling- or building- HERE'S HOW IT'S DONE. 74 pp $1 Avail able from regional co-ops Collection of edu cational methods for fieldmen and edu cation committee members Clear, factual text and lively illustrations The informa tion has been contributed by a large num ber of organizations including The Coopéra tive -Lragne With a list of community agencies from whom assistance may be oh tained WILL HE FIGHT THE 3RD WORLD WAR? Thp Coopfrative League $1 per hundred Leaflet explaining; how CO-OPS combat basic ea-Libes of war Designed for eye appeal, and with a strong- Uear cut, impressive message Splendid for membership drives and for bag- stuffing. COOPERATION IN THE BUILDING OF HOMES. 30 pp Bureau of Labor Statistics, U S. Department of Labor. Free Report on seven cooperatively built housing proj- e^ts in the TT S. Projects discussed are not wholly cooperative in nature, as title to land and buildings is not retained by asso ciation but by families iiarticipating. Never theless, those interested in cooperative hous ing will find much useful material here on types and costs of houses and sites, com munity and cooperative project activities and services, community layouts, financing of projects, procedure of organization. In the Periodicals COMMUNITY RECREATION CENTER QUIZ. Manon Preece Recreation, October, 1945 Ho\v to organize and operate a community center program Clear and comprehensive "how to ÉTO about it" dirprtions RED LIGHTS FOR FIRE INSURANCE CO OPS. By Kermit Bird. News for Farmer Co operatives, Nov Lî>45. Analyses reasons for past failures of fire iiisuraupp co-ops, sug gests that they are high assessment and loss rates, variable assessment rate and va riable loss rate, expense rate above average, lew reseives and small surpluses, small amounts of insurance in force. A UNIVERSITY SIDES WITH THE CO-OPS. GTA Digest, Nov., 184E Why St Francis Xavier University's extension department teaches and defends cooperatives YOUB POTENTIAL LIES WITH YOU! By P S. Morrow Tlie Challenger, October, 1945 Duties of the co-op insurance serviceman, with some technical and historical data he must know in ordpr to do a e'ood job. CO-OP Fact Book pages, published in monthly groups in CO-OP Magazine beginning with the December, 1945, issue, will contain, cumulatively, a wide variety of information about cooperative organizations, functions, commodities, services, progress in America and the world. Pages fit an) standard 5" x 3" six ring, loose-leaf binder. Strong, simulated leather, semi-flexible covers, with "CO-OP Fact Book" embossed in gold, as shown in the accompanying illustration, will be avail able soon through regional and local cooperatives at $1 each. Printed at the bottom of pages are section names and page numbers, so that each person's Fact Book may be divided into sections according to subject matter. When the pages become sufficiently numerous to require it, an index page will be published. An added mechanical feature beginning this month is the marginal reference guide on the outer edge of each page to enable users to locate a desired section b> quick thumbing. At the bottom of every odd-numbered page, the date of its publication is printed, to enable users to know the age of the data on that leaf. \\ hen the information on a leai becomes obsolete, new, revised pages with the same page references will be pubished to replace the old. This will keep the Fact Book constantly up to date. "Vital statistics" about member regional«—business vol umes, havings, service points, memberships, etc.—are always desirable data for use in promoting understanding and ad vancement of cooperatives. This information, being com piled for 1945 as fast as figures can be obtained from the regional organizations, will appear in Fact Book pages at, soon as complete. Eight pages with which the Fact Book was started in the December issue, may be obtained by sending 25c for a copy of that issue to CO-OP Magazine care your local or regional cooperative, or at 343 S. Dearborn St., Chicago 4, 111. Keep Your Facts Handy Watch your regional cooperative publications for special offer in connection with subscriptions to CO-OP Magazine and embossed covers for Fact Book pages. Rochdale Principles o o o 1. Open Membership—Anyone who can be served by the cooperative is eligible tor membership, regardless of race, creed or financial or social position. 2. Democratic Control—Each member of a co operative has only one vote on any question, regardless of the amount of his share capital. Proxy \oting is not allowed. 3. Limited Interest—The dividend or interest on a cooperative's share or loan capital is held at or Below a low maximum—usually at a fixed rate and non-cumulative 4. Patronage Havings — The net remainder of funds, after providing for all expenses and proper reserves, is refunded to patrons in proportion to patronage,, rather than on the amount of capital owned 5. Trade for Gash—As" a general rule, business in a cooperative Is done on a cash basis to eliminate the extra cost of credit records and to remove the disadvantages- of members in debted to the co-op. 6. Creedal Neutrality—Cooperatives do not takr sides on religion or party politics. Legislative activity by cooperatives is limited to the pro tection and advancement of cooperative function. 7. Constant Education—Members must be kept fully informed about the objectives, services, activities and condition of their cooperative, and of cooperative affairs generally. 8. Constant Expansion—To increase the vitality and usefulness of the cooperative, members should make constant effort to serve more people and to expand the types of service provided. 20 CO-OP Magazine January, 1946 21 o o V • 1-46 EDUCATION—I What Progressive Business Men Think About Taxing Cooperative Savings Victor Emmanuel, president, Aviation Corporation — * The cooperati\e is a corporation with one important difference. It is built to serve patrons at cost rather than to serve the public at a profit . . . You cannot tax profits where there are no profits. In this simple statement is em bodied the fundamental mistake of the NTEA " FORTUNE Magazine — "Their \aluts are social as well as economic . . . The community as well as the individual gains by their existence . . . Rebates on pur chases constitute in effect a lowering of prices ... A tax on cooperative withholdings would hamper only the small growing cooperatives *iince the well-established ones would be able to tiorrow back . all the money they want." l?. S. Rubber Company bulletin — "Any corporation that elects to, may do busi ness on trre same basis (as a cooperative) by lefunding its profits to its patrons." Edward J. Thye, Governor of Minnesota — "Cooperatives do not make profits . . . any savings . are divided on a pro-rata (to patron age; basis . . I do not belie\ e the cooperative constitutes a threat to individually-owned business." A. J. Roth, manager, Commerce Division, Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce — "Why there should be a sudden and bitter attack upon cooperatives is a mystery to me, except that the inroads into the sacred pre cincts of retail distribution must be their un pardonable offense' . . . Cooperatives enjoy no tax exemption not enjoyed by an unincorporated business " St. Paul Pioneer Ii]\i>r<>s* — 'Businessmen \\ho have studied objectively the nature and growth of cooperatives have little fc-jmpathy for the tax campaign against co-ops . . . These cooperatives, their services and the pmius of their leaders will be highly important in coping with the peace-time economic prob lems that lie ahead." -1-46 PROTECTION—I The Coopérative Emblem A o Tlie Pine Tree IK the annent symbol of endurai)' e, fecundity, and immortality. These aie the qualities that we see in Cooperation In the old Egyptian, Persian and Indian mythology, the pine tree and its symbol the pine cone are found typifying: life and tin.* perpetuation of life The hardy pine sym bolizes the enduring- quality of Cooperation More than one inn«1 tree is used to represent the mutual (ool)eiation necessary. The trunks ol the pine trees are continued into the roots whi( h torni .1 divle The eucle is another aiuient symbol ot eternal life It typifies that whieh has no end The circle m this emblem represents also the world, the all-embracing- < osmos ot \vhit h Cooperation is a part and which depends for its existence upon Coop eration The color of the two pine trees, and the tircle is darK preen this is the color of chlorophyl whic h is the life principle in na ture. The ba< kground within the UK le is iroklen yellow typifying the sun, the fa\ei- of lij-rht arc! lUe —James Peter Warbass«* O o o o Co-ops in Context— One World—Or None! By C. J. McLANAHAIN Educational Director, The Cooperative League I DO NOT know how you rate the career of Wendel] Willkie. That is not important. I believe you will agree that he made at least one great contribution that will be long remembered. Toward the end of his life he made a plane trip around the world and then came back to write the book "One World." In it, you will recall, was his emphasis that the people of the world are so much alike and now live so close together that they ought to leam to live together in harmony and peace. Recently Dr. Harry Fosdick said that if Wendell Willkie were to write his book today he would change the title and instead of call ing it "One World" would name it "One World—Or None." Dr. Fos dick went on to say that with the coming of the atomic bomb it was no longer a matter of whether it was a good idea to live in "one world" or not but an absolute necessity Much has been said about the atomic bomb, and we are becoming slightly tired of the subject. We cannot, however, put the problem aside until we have made some progress in solving it. Its implica tions for us are too terrible. A few days after the unveiling of the bomb over Japan, one of the columnists of the Chicago Sun pointed to the revolutionary significance of this new type of energy: "The world we knew was familiar, and therefore comforting. Our life was a series of struggles for survival, struggles between indi viduals, corporations, labor unions, communities, nations, continents. "We told ourselves that this was the good life: it brought out the best in men, permitted the best nations to dominate the earth, en couraged progress. 'Free competition' became a shibboleth. Under this rule, we thought, the best of the world's goods would go to those who deserved them, and those who fell behind in the race would be inspired to improve their lot and so also contribute their bit to the general welfare. "Now suddenly all this is changed. The new world is a strange and unfamiliar place. If a large nation can reduce an enemy city to rubble with one blow, so can a small nation. If a good man can hurl this Jovian thunderbolt, so can an evil man. The race is not to the swift nor the battle to the strong. The whole basis of a com petitive society has been undercut, and we are confronted with the injunction to cooperate or die." The Causes of Strife The handwriting is on the wall. We cannot afford to delay in facing this new world any longer. We must ask in cold frankness what it is that causes the periodic upsets, the intermittent wars that plague us—the constant progression toward an Armageddon that is more horrible than we care to describe. The basic causes, it seems to me, line up something like this: Over the last hundred years people have been constantly losing owner ship, until today in our own country less than 15% of the people own anything of significant worth. The other 85% own no more than their own personal possessions, a few small businesses and minor amounts of farm land. Ownership of the natural resources, the in dustrial, the finance and distribution systems have come into the hands of a smaller and smaller number of people. This group is constantly on the move to use this control for their own advantage. Their profits are higher if there is scarcity or if they can join to keep prices at a monopoly level. As a result, the larger group of people is forced to live on a scarcity and poverty standard. They dwell in insecurity, the breeding ground of fear and misunderstanding. Conflicts develop between the two groups This is the story of the last 25 years. In one country after another the conflict between the two groups has broken out into the open. First in Russia, then China, Spain, Japan, South America, Italy, Germany; each has been the scene of a struggle between the smaller group of those who own and the larger number of those who do not. Today people are on the march and they will not rest until they have obtained a greater share in the wealth of their nations Thus the great problem becomes that of getting ownership into the hands of a larger and larger number of people. There are three ways in which this can be done. First, through direct seizure. The masses can organize themselves and by revolutionary force take ownership from the smaller group 22 CO-OP Magazine which has cornered it This method we cannot advocate The second approach is through political action By votes, in a democracy, the larger number may come into powfr and then set about distributing ownership on a 'wide scale. This is the method that is being tried in Great Britain today. The third method is through cooperatives. In this way, the peo ple become first thp owners of their retail stores, and then their wholesales, from which point they move into manufacturing and then to ownership of natural resources. The same principle and procedure is followed in the organization of producer and marketing cooperatives. The farmers first become owners of their collecting depots, then their processing plants, and then their marketing sys tem. Step by step, in an evolutionary and democratic manner the people come to gain a greater ownership of the wealth and wealth- producing factors of the nation. When the people have gained ownership in this manner, they are in position to go on and build a sound economic and social system When the people own, they have control; they can get it in no other way and maintain it effectively. With control in their hands, the people can operate the machinery of the economy to produce abundance. There is no advantage in trying to promote scarcity. With abundance will come security, and with security, freedom. There is no alternative way by which to climb the ladder to free dom. We have tried to gain it by taking short cuts, but unless it is undergirded by security and abundance it will not endure. For centuries we have been hot in pursuit of security and free dom Could it be that we have been employing the wrong methods, and that here is a new approach that will lead us to success? Until now it has not been extremely important how fast we moved. We could take years to achieve greater security and freedom. But something new has entered the picture. There is a new handwriting on the wall. We cannot delay. We must coopeiate or die. There are only a few years left. With the tools of cooperation to help, employed along with those of other people's agencies, the church school, state, farm and labor organizations, we can remove the threat of the atomic bomb and move on to the united world that we must have Whether we will or not is another question. We cannot, however, long delay in an swering. It is one world or none. foot/ lictfe/1 /Yrf/tf Schools ' 1 1 HE Fro7eii Locker Manufacturer« and Supplier« Association and the National Frozen Food Locker Association have completed arrange ments for two Fnrn-n Food Locker Plant Schools one to be held a! Kansas State College, Manhattan, Kansas February 11 to Vpril 26, the other at Ohio State 1 niveisity, Columbus, Ohio, Match 26, througli May il. The course' will include all procedures connected with the operation of a frozen food locker plant, and they will also include proceduies that will he of value to the patrons. Specifically thev \\ill include (1) a history of the art and science of food preservation, (2) trade association activities and accomplishments, id) processing of meats, poultry, fish, vegetables and fruit, i4i laws governing locker operators, (5) services which locker operators can render to huild confidence in their business, (6) letter writing and advertising, (7) bookkeeping methods, (8) the preparation of frozen foods for table use and, (9) tilt, principles uf refrigeration The processing oi iwat« will include the slaughtering of beef, sheep and hogs; the cutting wrapping and freezing of meat; rendenng of lard, sniokins. curing, chilling, aging and labeling The work with poultry, lisb and game will include killing, chilling, picking, dre=sing, glazing, packaging, freezing and storage. The vegetable and fruit course will include recommended varieties, blanching, preparation, antioxi dants, packaging, quick freezing and storage. Instructors from Animal Husbandly. Poultry Husbandry, Horticul ture, Home Economic^, Rural Economics, Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Chemistry, Business Organization, Economics and Engi neering will contribute' their efforts to make this a well rounded course. Registration, costing &60.00 for the eleven-week term, will be restricted to sixty (60) students. Advanced registration of civilian» may be made by sending check payable to either I niversity address ing Prof Ooige \. Filmger, Kansas Slate College, or Prof. H. D Brown, Horticulture Department, Ohio '•late I niversity. Veterans should make applications and anange well in advance for payments at their nearest convenient local Veterans Administration Office. A detailed program ma^ be secured upon request from either school o o o o January, 1946 23 O o o o o V ative C a. B t £ tH •3 = 1 s -5 i K o s 5 iä w c ^ £ K S w w MjrfTp A W of Nationa 01 _D 01 "D 01 "D U o o o o m o o o O K K M .= !a fc - S ~ ^- ^ c 2 « rt rt è è PUBLICITY— l Labeling Policy On CO-OP Products As adopted December 20, 1544, by the Board of Directors, National Cooperatives, Ine. The label on a commodity, like the advertising of a commodity can be extieinely useful to consumers in selecting products çiost economical and satisfying. In adopting the follow ins labeling policy. National O«"»p- eratives has pledged its enthe organization to the pro tection of the consumer's dollar in the home and on the farm: 1. National Cooperatives will at all times pre sent the consumer's (the user's) point Of view— giving accurate, honest and, where practical, complete specifications on the label When in the user's interest, we shall give the limitations as well as the advantages of a given product (Cooperatives being- owned and controlled by the member-patrons, are the only merchandisers who can speak in their behalf ) 2. Tntegrate our labeling policy by emphasizing- those names and methods which are applicable to all CO-OP groups ("forest grreen and cream for architectural trim, the jname CO-OP so that publicity can be effectively produced on the national level, elimination so far as possible of restrictive terminology) 3. We shall zealously protect the integrity and the good name of CO-OP brand and assume the responsibility for increasing- its acceptance in the communities we serve. 4. Tn all cases where the CO-OP label appears on a product It will represent, in our estimation, a definite consumer use and value for the pur pose for which it is intended. l I-I-4G DISTRIBUTION—I V I ~ I p 3 O 01 n o 3 à ^ a o s rV re re 7> o o a si * w3 B£s pj 50 O M EU ü 5=2 ice for the regionale si cifications a œ S 2 » s 9 ^ S — • r*- ^ ""^ 5" o 3 rf- 3 a S1* S" o B S« a B P re EU EU £" *"* * £ Es o 3 a Si -1 S •aË re a re ä S- O 2 a 1 *l ?* a s ? re P» S Nj œ sponsible f« détermine 1 p1 hj re 3* s s 1° » ff S 0 a3 S. P 3 3 M a 1 I re M £ & Advertisin « 3 g rt- s g P B re P 4 O 3 ri ff re I •§ ° f m -i re »H p B B O 5 û§a g 55 a xi „ U £ !» Ë ro 5 Sf ?.<" 0 ft n S £ Sow & ro 3 o "• P S ro r* 50 Er,« 3. S 0 E.Û? O rH n t n re Z P rt- O* n £. 9 o I re OT o TQ rt- J re S-' fü c re X " £ ft m S 5ffl " r» 3 ra O 5 ° ff ^ H ï3' ffl several qua est quality Led Label, t Blue Labe the CO-OP Q n * 5 "i M u S* ft « K 0) § & 0 ET o ^ O ft M» S & t?1 S fi § * • J^ p £ W r^ E & W S X §• (D o re re S" M' & M re P & 0" re n o n M c 3 re a" p u n ^ p ^ S » 3 g. r* •< & S S S"° S ä^ t; œ y ^* * p C re f«?s i gl§°l e^ll^ n- jij _re jo S' M M ; sssil ' -! r, f » S SB g ffl re »ri ^ si|° ^ ^ So £ ! 2. 2. *r jq jq M *i , [31 Jjl M g " M rt- gj | 0 0 ro 3 j O » = 3 S ^- = 0 I "Î S ;' ! o W ? a 3 a 5' P j* n ' O ' a Periodicals Published by Members of National Cooperatives (Continued from preceding naae) Piibhslu-r* Frequency Circulation Hoosier Farmer IPBCA Manitoba Cooperator ManCW Miolug-an Farm News MFBS Midland Cooperator MCW Nebraska Cooperator FUSX Ohio Cooperator OFBCA Ohio Farm Bureau News OFBCA Pacific Northwest Cooperator PSC Pennsylvania Co-op Review PFBCA Producer-Consumer CCAtx Rural Cooperator UFC "Initials of KeKional Coopérative; see ORG 3 o sm m sin sm m m sm 60 000 44,400 38 407 84 7*50 26 000 118 95« 90000 41,000 127 onn 1K.77K 27306 O Kclitor Glenn W s,imple Q H Maitinson Einar Ung-ren Tver Lind L S Herren James R. Moore JanieM R Moore. Kenneth McCandless T Warren Metzger Donald W. May Andrew Hebb O p o T3 Oi H. s ra i! i 3. IÄ If i-!. i a 11 S* IG^! tS »LE., '"i 73 i p£ 3 i s a 2 ' K Si Hl Q §'§5f! D- re* a 5-1 5? 3' L; n> .gro •3 S tr1 B' s „ s •* p _. 1 &. a- M ^j j^ * I s ^ "'S •s es ^ H* S S ' § R B- 3 1 CTQ ft ~ er tD —. «4. » p Ht Ê-^o g- 3 05 ä -^ - " 3 a W S 3 jj