The source of this uncorrected OCR text may be viewed in the DjVu format at: http://fax.libs.uga.edu/QK488xE4/itgbi or http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/ugafax/QK488xE4/itgbi INDEX, ETC. The Trees of Great Britain Ireland BY Henry John Elwes, F.R.S. AND Augustine Henry, M.A. Edinburgh : Privately Printed THE TREES OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND THE TREES OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND BY HENRY JOHN ELWES, F.R.S. AND AUGUSTINE HENRY, M.A. INDEX, ETC. EDINBURGH : PRIVATELY PRINTED MCMXIII CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS ......... vii POSTSCRIPT BY H. J. ELWES ........ xiii POSTSCRIPT BY A. HENRY ......... xxi LIST OF ERRATA AND ADDENDA . . . . . . . • I935 INDEX ........... 1943 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS Ackers, B. St. John, Esq., Huntley Manor. Acland, Sir C. T. D., Bart., Killerton, Exeter. Addington, Lord, 24 Princes Gate, London. Ailsa, The Marquess of, Culzean Castle, Maybole, Scotland. Andrews, Hugh, Esq., Toddington Manor, Winchcombe. Ashton Court Estate, The, Long Ashton, Bristol. Avondale Forestry Station, Rathdrum, Co. Wicklow. Backhouse, R. O., Esq., Sutton Court, Here fordshire. Bacon, R. C., Esq., Willingham by Stow, near Gainsborough. Bagot, Lord, Blithfield, Rugeley. Baird, H. R., Esq., Durris House, Drumoak, Aberdeenshire. Baker, H. Clinton, Esq., Bayfordbury, Herts. Balfour, F. R. S., Esq., 39 Phillimore Gar dens, London. Barclay, F. H., Esq., The Warren, Cromer. Barclay, R. L., Esq., Gaston House, Bishop Stortford. Barrymore, Lord, Fota, Queenstown, Ireland. Bath, The Marquess of, Longleat, War- minster. Bathurst, Earl, Cirencester. Battersea, the late Lord, The Pleasaunce, Overstrand, Cromer. Battye, A. Trevor-, Esq., Ashford Chase, Petersfield, Hants. Bazley, the late Gardner S., Esq., Hatherop Castle, Fairford, Gloucestershire. Bazley, Sir T. S., Bart., Kilmorie, Torquay. Beauchamp, the late Sir R. P., Bart., Langley Park, Norfolk. Beaufort, The Duchess of, Badminton. Bedford, The Duchess of, The Abbey, Woburn. Bedford, The Duke of, K.G., The Abbey, Woburn (two copies). Benson, Lieut.-Col. L., Whinfold, Hascombe, Godalming. Bentham Trustees, The, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (two copies). Berkeley, The Earl of, Foxcombe, near Oxford. Biddulph, Lord, Ledbury, Herefordshire. Birkbeck, Robert, Esq., 20 Berkeley Square, London. Bosanquet, Percival, Esq., Ponfield, Herts. Bowlcs, E. A., Esq., Myddelton House, Waltham Cross, Herts. Bradford, The Earl of, Weston Park, Shifnal. Brassey, Albert, Esq., Heythrop, Chipping Norton. Brodie of Brodie, Brodie Castle, Forres, Scotland (two copies). Brownlow, Earl, Belton House, Grantham. Bubb, Henry, Esq., Ullenwood, Cheltenham. Buchanan, J. Hamilton, Esq., Leny, Cal- lander, Scotland. Burroughes, T. H., Esq., 16 Lower Berkeley Street, London. Carlile, W. W., Esq., Gayhurst, Newport- Pagnell. Carlton Club Library, Pall Mall, London. Castletown of Upper Ossory, Lord, Done- raile Court, Ireland. Cator, Mrs., Trewsbury, Coates, Cirencester. Cawdor, the late Earl, Stackpole Court. Chadwick, the late Major, Findhorn House, Forres, Scotland. VII \ rr Vlll The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Chambers, the late B. E. C., Esq., Graysvvood Hill, Haslemere. Champion, W. N.. L., Esq., Riddlesworth Hall, Thetford, Norfolk. Charterhouse School, The, Godalming. Cheylesmore, Lord, K.C.V.O., 16 Princes Gate, London. Chichester, Major C. H., Hall, Barnstaple. Childe, Mrs. Baldvvyn, Kyre Park, Tenbury. Cirencester, The Royal Agricultural College. Clark, Kenneth M., Esq., Sudbourne Hall, Orford, Suffolk. Clarke, Harvey R. G., Esq., Brook House, Hayward's Heath, Sussex. Clarke, Stephenson R., Esq., C.B., Borde Hill, Cuckfield, Sussex. Clifford, Henry F., Esq., The Grange, Frampton-on-Severn, Gloucestershire. Clinton, Lord, Heanton Satchville, Dolton, N. Devon. Cockburn, N. C., Esq., Harmston Hall, Lin coln. Colley, T. H. Davies-, Esq., 71 Princess Street, Manchester. Conant, E. W. P., Esq., Lyndon Hall, Oak- ham. Cookson, Hugh, Esq., Trelissick, Truro. Cornevvall, the late Rev. Sir George H., Bart., Moccas Court, Hereford. Covvdray, Lady, Dunecht House, Aberdeen- shire. Cranbrook, the late Earl of. Crevvdson, Theodore, Esq., Spurs, Styal, Handforth, Cheshire. Crichton, The Hon. Arthur, 8 Southwick Crescent, London. Dalrymple, The Hon. Hew, Lochinch, Castle Kennedy, Wigtownshire. Darnley, The Earl of, Cobham Hall, Kent. Davies, Capt. H. Kevill-, Croft Castle, Kings- land, Herefordshire. Dawnay, The Hon. Mrs., Ruston, Wyke- ham, Yorkshire. De Mauley, Lord, Langford House, Lechlade, Oxfordshire. Dent, Major John W., Ribston Hall, Wetherby, Yorkshire. De Vesci, Viscount, Abbey Leix, Ireland. Dimsdale, R., Esq., Eastleach, Lechlade, Oxfordshire. Dorington, the late Rt. Hon. Sir John E., Bart. Drummond, Mrs. Hay, Cromlix, Dunblane. Duchesne, M. C., Esq., Farnham Common, Slough, Bucks. Ducie, The Earl of, Tortworth Court, Glou cestershire (two copies). Dunsmuir, The Hon. James, Victoria, B.C. Dyer, Sir William T. Thiselton-, F.R.S., Great Witcombe, Gloucester. Eldon, The Earl of, Stowell Park, Gloucester shire. Elwes, the late Arthur H. S., Esq., Congham House, King's Lynn. Elwes, the late V. D. H. Cary-, Esq., Billing Hall, Northamptonshire. Enys, the late John D., Esq., Enys, Penryn, Cornwall. Evans, John D. D., Esq., Ffrwdgrech, Brecon. Femvick, Mark, Esq., Abbotswood, Sto\v-on- the-WoId. Femvick, Walter L., Esq., Witham Hall, Bourne. Firebrace, C. W., Esq., Danehurst, Uckfield, Sussex. Fletcher, W. H. B., Esq., Aldvvick Manor, Bognor. Flux, the late William, Esq. Ford, the late Mrs., Pencarrow, Cornwall. Foster, P. S., Esq., Canwell Hall, Sutton Coldfield. Foster, W. R., Esq., The Granville, Ilfra- combe. Fothringham, W. Steuart, Esq., Murthly Castle, Perthshire. Francis, T. Musgrave, Esq., Quy Hall, near Cambridge. Garnett, W., Esq., Quernmore Park, Lan caster. Gascoigne, Col., Lotherton, Aberford, Leeds. Gibbs, the late Antony, Esq., Tyntesfield, Bristol. Gibbs, The Hon. Herbert C., 9 Portman Square, London. List of Subscribers IX Gibbs, The Hon. Vicary, Aldenham House, Elstree. Gilbey, Lieut.-CoI. Alfred, Twyford Lodge, Winchester. Glasgow, The Mitchell Library. Glasnevin, The Royal Botanic Gardens. Godman, F. Ducane, Esq., F.R.S., South Lodge, Horsham. Goold, John C., Esq., Killeen Glebe, Duns- haughlin, Co. Meath. Greaves, R. M., Esq., Wern, Portmadoc. Grosvenor, Lady Hugh, 9 Southwick Cres cent, London. Gull, Sir W. Cameron, Bart., Frilsham House, Yattendon, Newbury. Hamilton, The Duke of, Hamilton Palace. Hanbury, Cecil, Esq., Queen Anne's Man sions, London. Hardy, Laurence, Esq., Sandling Park, Hythe, Kent. Harford, H. W. L., Esq., Horton, Chipping Sodbury, Gloucestershire. Harford, John C., Esq., Falcondale, Lam- peter. Harlech, Lord, Brogyntyn, Oswestry. Havelock, W. B., Esq., The Nurseries, Brocklesby Park, Lincolnshire. Hawkshaw, John C., Esq., Hollycomb, Lip- hook, Hampshire. Hazlerigg, Sir Arthur G., Bart., Noseley Hall, Leicester. Hindmarsh, the late W. T., Esq., Alnwick. Holford, Sir George L., K.C.V.O., Weston Birt House, Tetbury. Horlick, James, Esq., Cowley Manor, near Cheltenham (three copies). Howard, Sir E. Stafford, K.C.B., Thornbury Castle, Gloucestershire. Hudson, Edward, Esq., 15 Queen Anne's Gate, London. Izquierdo, Seflor Don Salvador, Santiago de Chile. James, A. J., Esq., Edgeworth Manor, Ciren cester. James, Henry A., Esq., Hurstmonceaux Place, Hailsham, Sussex. VIII James, the late William D., Esq., West Dean Park, Chichester. Joicey, James, Esq., Poulton Priory, Ciren cester. Kekevvich, T. H., Esq., Peamore, Exeter. Kesteven, Lord, Casewick, Stamford. Keyser, Charles E., Esq., Aldermaston Court, near Reading. Kingscote, Thomas, Esq., Watermoor House, Cirencester. Lawrence, C. W., Esq., Sandywell Park, Gloucestershire. Leatham, A. W., Esq., Miserden Park, Gloucestershire. Leicester, The Earl of, Holkham, Norfolk. Lennard, Sir Henry A. H. F., Bart, Wick ham Court, West Wickham, Kent. Lewis, John B., Esq., 65 Goulbourn Avenue, Ottawa, Canada. Llewellyn, Sir John T. D., Bart., Penllergaer, Swansea. Loder, Sir Edmund G., Bart., Leonardslee, Horsham. Loder, G. W. E., Esq., Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, Hayward's Heath. Longchamps, Baron de Selys-Longchamps, Waremme, Belgium. Lucas, C. J., Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham. Luttrell, the late G. F., Esq., Dunster Castle, Somerset. M'Clellan, Frank C., Esq., 38, The Avenue, Kew Gardens, Surrey. Mackenzie, Sir Kenneth, Bart, of Gairloch, Conan House, Ross-shire. Mackenzie, W. D., Esq., Fawley Court, Henley-on-Thames. M'Laren, H. D., Esq., 43 Belgrave Square, London. Malcolm, Col., C.B., of Poltalloch, Lochgilp- head. Manvers, Earl, Thoresby Park, Nottingham shire. Mason, W. H., Esq., Morton Hall, East Retford. Maxwell, The Rt. Hon. Sir Herbert W., Bart, Monreith, Whauphill, Wigtownshire. b The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Maxwell, Sir John M. Stirling, Bart., Pollok House, Pollokshaws, Scotland. Menzies, the late Sir Neil, Bart, Castle Menzies, Aberfeldy. Messel, L., Esq., Nymans, Handcross, Sussex. Methuen, Field-Marshal Lord, G.C.B., Cor- sham Court, Wiltshire. Middleton, Lord, Birdsall House, York. Mitchell, Mrs. A. C, Highgrove, Tetbury. Moiser, Cyril, Esq., Heworth Grange, York. Moncrieffe, Sir Robert D., Bart., Moncriefie House, Perthshire. Montana, U.S.A., The University Library, Missoula. Moore, Sir F. W., Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin. Moore, G. F., Esq., Chardwar, Bourton-on- the-Water. Moore, Dr. Norman, Hancox, Battle, Sussex. More, T. J. M., Esq., 31 St. George's Road, London. Munich, Die K. B. Forstliche Versuchanstalt. Nelson, T. A., Esq., Ach-na-Cloich, Connel, Argyllshire. Newcastle, The Duke of, Clumber Park, Worksop. Newman, Sir Robert L., Bart., Mamhead Park, Exeter. Newman, Robert L., Esq., 11 Cadogan Square, London. Nicholl, Mrs., Merthyr Mawr, Bridgend. Northbourne, Lady, Betteshanger, Kent. Norwich, The Free Library. Ogilvie, F. M., Esq., 72 Woodstock Road, Oxford. Oxford, Magdalen College. Palmer, Charles, Esq., Stewkley Grange, Leighton Buzzard. Palmer, the late General William J., Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S.A. (seven copies). Parsons, Alfred, Esq., A.R.A., 54 Bedford Gardens, Kensington, London. Peckover of Wisbech, Lord, Bank House, Wisbech. Peirse, E. Beresford-, Esq., Gredington, Whitchurch, Salop. Pember, the late E. H., Esq., Vicar's Hill, Lymington, Hants. Pembroke, the late Earl of, Wilton House, Wiltshire. Phillimore, Lady, Cam House, Campden Hill, London. Phillips, Lady Faudel, Balls Park, Hertford. Pinchot, Gifford, Esq., Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Platt, Col. Henry, C.B., Gorddinog, Llanfair- fcchan, N. Wales. Portland, The Duke of, K.G., Welbeck Abbey, Worksop. Potts, W. Trumperant, Junr., Esq., Correen Castle, Ballinasloe, Co. Roscommon. Powis, The Earl of, Povvis Castle, Welshpool. Prain, Sir David, F.R.S., Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Pratt, E. R., Esq., Ryston Hall, Norfolk. Price, M. P., Esq.,Tibberton Court, Gloucester. Price, T. P., Esq., Mark's Hall, Essex. Price, W. R., Esq., Pen Moel, Chepstow. Probyn, General The Rt. Hon. Sir Dighton M., G.C.B., Buckingham Palace. Pryor, Marlborough R., Esq., Weston Park, Steven age, Herts. Quaritch, Mr. Bernard, 11 Grafton Street, London. Radnor, The Earl of, Longford Castle, Wilt shire. Ralli, Pandeli, Esq., Alderbrook, Cranleigh, Surrey. Ralli, Pantia, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey. Rayleigh, Lady, Terling Place, Witham, Essex. Redesdale, Lord, i Kensington Court, London. Richmond and Gordon, The Duke of, K.G., Goodwood, Chichester. Rogers, C. Coltman, Esq., Stanage Park, Brampton Bryan, Herefordshire. Rogers, Lieut.-Col. J. M., Riverhill, Scvcnoaks. Rolle, the late Hon. Mark. Rolleston, Sir John F. L., Glen Parva Grange, Leicester. Rothschild, The Hon. Walter, F.R.S., Tring Park, Herts. List of Subscribers XI St. Oswald, Lady, Appleby Hall, Don- caster. Sanderson, Finlay, Esq., University College, Oxford. Sawyer, Charles, Esq., 74 New Oxford Street, London. Schlich, Sir William, F.R.S., 29 Banbury Road, Oxford. Sherborne, Lord, Sherborne House, Glou cestershire. Soames, A. G., Esq., Sheffield Park, Sussex. Stanhope, The Hon. Richard, Revesby Abbey, Boston, Lincolnshire. Stern, Capt. H. J. J., Bective House, Navan, Co. Meath. Stewart, Lady Alice Shaw-, Ardgowan, Greenock, Scotland. Stewart, Lady Octavia Shaw-, Fonthill Abbey, Tisbury, Wiltshire. Stirling, J. A., Esq., 41, The Pryors, East Heath Road, Hampstead, London. Stocke, J. E. Hellyar, Esq., 2 Palace Yard, Hereford. Strickland, Algernon, Esq., Apperley Court, Tewkesbury. Strickland, the late Sir Charles W., Bart. Talbot, G. J., Esq., 36 Wilton Crescent, London. Toronto, Canada, The University Library. Tottenham, Col. C. G., Ballycurry, Ashford, Co. Wicklow. Trench, R. C., Esq., Penrhyn Estate Office, Bangor, North Wales. Trotter, John, Esq., Brickendon Grange, Hertford. Turner, T. Warner, Esq., Langwith Lodge, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire. Underdown, H. C. B., Esq., Buckenham Hall, Mundford, Norfolk. Victoria, B.C., The Provincial Library. Vienna, Die Dendrologische Gesellschaft für Oesterreich-Ungarn. Vilmorin, M. Maurice L. de, 13 Quai d'Orsay, Paris. Vilmorin, M. Philippe L. de, 23 Quai d'Orsay, Paris. Vines, Prof., F.R.S., Botanic Garden, Oxford. Waldo, E. G. B. Meade-, Esq., Stonewall Park, Edenbridge, Kent. Watney, Daniel, Esq., 33 Poultry, London. Watney, Herbert, Esq., M.D., Buckhold, Pangbourne, Berks. Watney, Vernon J., Esq., Cornbury Park, Charlbury, Oxfordshire (two copies). Wilding, E. H., Esq., Wexham Place, Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire. Wilkinson, C. J., Esq., Sebergham Castle, Cumberland. Willmott, Miss, F.L.S., Warley Place, Great Warley, Essex (three copies). Wilson, Sir Maurice Bromley-, Bart, Dallam Tower, Milnthorpe, Westmorland. Woodward, Robert, Esq., Arley Castle, Bewdley. Wythes, E. J., Esq., Copped Hall, Epping. Yarborough, The Earl of, Brocklesby Park, Lincolnshire. Xll The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland PRESENTATION COPIES His late Majesty King Edward VII. King Edward VII. Convalescent Home for Officers of the Navy and Army, Osborne, Isle of Wight. The Royal Society, London. The Linnean Society, London. The Athenaeum, Pall Mall, London. The Bodleian Library, Oxford. The University Library, Cambridge. Harvard University, U.S.A. The Imperial Japanese Bureau of Forestry. Beevor, Sir Hugh R., Hargham, Norfolk. Elrod, l'rof. M. J., Missoula, Montana, U.S.A. Elwes, A. L., Esq., Staple Grove, Beckenham. POSTSCRIPT BY HENRY JOHN ELWES, F.R.S. AND AUGUSTINE HENRY, M.A. IN the Introduction to the first volume of this work, published in 1906, we stated the objects which we had in view, and which, during the seven years which have now elapsed, we have endeavoured to carry out to the best of our power. If the patience of our Subscribers has been unduly taxed, we can only say that the magnitude of the task which we set before us was even then hardly realised ; and that the difficulty of discovering, identifying, describing, and figuring the rare and remarkable trees in Great Britain is one which grew with our knowledge, and with each succeeding volume. The want of order in this work, on which some of our reviewers have remarked, lias been really of the greatest service ; for by leaving the more difficult and little-known genera to the last, we have been able to make the work more complete and accurate than it would have been if every genus had been taken in its accepted botanical sequence ; and though a few additions may be made to the earlier volumes, we know of no really important omissions in them. Though some local botanists and arboriculturists have studied the native trees of their own counties with more or less care, British botanists, until recently, have taken little notice of the trees which form so conspicuous a feature in the vegetation and scenery of England ; and in many counties, whose flora, birds, and insects have been most carefully and accurately studied by local naturalists, we have found no one who, apparently, knew or cared for the trees, and have had to depend largely on our own observations. An immense quantity of foreign as well as British literature has been referred to, as evidenced by almost every page of the work ; but a general bibliography seems unnecessary, as the references are fully given ; as well as the authority for nearly every fact, opinion, or observation not made by ourselves. As it is possible that in the future, questions may arise as to the correct nomenclature of some of the numerous trees that we have described and figured, it is well to say that the herbarium accumulated by us in the course of our work is preserved at Cambridge and at Kew, so that the actual specimens from which Xlll The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland the descriptions and identifications were made can be referred to in case of doubt. It is impossible to acknowledge in full detail the help that we have received from landowners and their agents, foresters, gardeners, and friends in all parts of Great Britain which we have visited during the course of the work ; but we have felt on many occasions that without this help the work would have been impossible. Amongst those to whom we are most indebted for help, I must especially mention the following : — Sir William T. Thiselton-Dyer, F.R.S., who has carefully read the proofs of all the volumes except the first, and whose suggestions and advice we have followed in many difficult questions; Mr. Charles Palmer of Stewkley Grange and Man chester, who has also read the proofs with extraordinary care ; the Director and staff of the Royal Gardens at Kew, who from first to last have shown a personal interest in our work which has been of the greatest support and assistance. We must here call attention to the fact that the collection of living trees at Kew is, and we hope always will be, so far as its soil and climate will allow, the most complete, correctly named, and well -cared -for in Europe; while its unrivalled library and herbarium, where much of our work has been prepared, and the references checked, have been indispensable in connection with the living specimens. The staff of the Botanical Department of the British Museum of Natural History, as well as the Directors of the Botanical Gardens at Edinburgh, Glasnevin, Oxford, and Cambridge have afforded us every facility for studying both the trees and herbaria in their charge, and we gratefully acknowledge their assistance. In the United States we have received much help from the officials of the National Bureau of Forestry, and from many private individuals, amongst whom I must mention Prof. Elrod of the Montana University, Mr. Gifford Pinchot, the late Chief Forester of the United States, and especially Mr. Charles S. Sargent of the Arnold Arboretum, who has given us much valuable information and help on many occasions. In Canada Messrs. J. M. and W. T. Macoun of Ottawa have been on many occasions most helpful and obliging. In France we have to thank numerous friends for shewing us many of the finest trees and forests in all parts of the country ; amongst them we are especially grateful to MM. Maurice and Philippe de Vilmorin of Paris, Prof. Flahault of Mont pellier, M. Leon Pardé, Inspecteur des Eaux et Forêts of Beauvais, M. Hickel of Versailles, M. Guinier of Nancy, M. Jouin of Plantières near Metz, and Mr. Cecil Hanbury of La Mortola in Italy. In Holland Mr. L. A. Springer of Haarlem, in Belgium Prof. Bommer of Brussels, M. Huberty, Inspector of Forests, Verviers, and the late Baron de Selys- Longchamps, in Germany the late Herr Späth of Berlin and the late Prof. Blasius of Brunswick, and the Directors of the Botanic Gardens we have visited in Germany, Russia, Italy, Sweden, Norway, Spain and Portugal, Bulgaria, and Servia, have all given us most valuable notes and assistance. Postscript XV In Denmark we have also received much help and information from Forest Inspectors Mundt and Bramsen, who personally conducted us through many interest ing forests and private arboreta. In Japan I have on two occasions received unusual attention and assistance in visiting the most interesting forests, and in procuring good photographs of the trees, for which I shall be ever grateful both to the past and present Ministers of Agriculture, and especially to Dr. H. Shirasawa of Tokyo, and numerous other officials and friends. Amongst the English landowners, who have afforded us the greatest assistance and kindness on all occasions, I must specially mention His late Majesty King Edward, to whom our work is dedicated, and whose fine trees at Windsor, Sandringham, Balmoral, and Osborne have been frequently mentioned in our pages. The Earl of Ducie, who during a long life has had the pleasure of seeing many rare trees planted by himself come to maturity, and who, perhaps better than any English landowner, has realised the importance of attending to his trees after they were planted. The late Sir Charles Strickland, who often told me that the pleasure of watching the growth of trees which he had himself raised and planted, was the one interest in life which remains undiminished in extreme old age. Sir Hugh Beevor, who has inherited a taste for arboriculture and forestry, and on many occasions has contributed most valuable notes and measurements of remarkable trees in many places. The Dukes of Argyll, Bedford, Northumberland, Portland, Richmond, and Wellington. The Marquesses of Bath, Lansdowne, Ripon, and Waterford. The Earls of Annesley, Bathurst, Bradford, Brownlow, Cawdor, Coventry, Darnley, Fortescue, Ilchester, Leicester, Manvers, Pembroke, Portsmouth, Powis, Radnor, Selborne, Spencer, and Yarborough. The Viscounts Falmouth and Powerscourt. The Lords Bagot, Barrymore, Clinton, Dynevor, Kesteven, Llangattock, Lovat, Methuen, North- bourne, Peckover of Wisbech, Penrhyn, Rayleigh, Redesdale, Sackville, Scarsdale, Sherborne, and Walsingham. Sir C. T. D. Acland, Sir E. Stafford Howard, Sir George Holford, Sir E. Loder, Sir John Stirling Maxwell, Sir Herbert Maxwell, Sir Frederick Moore, Sir John Ross-of-Bladensburg. The Hon. Vicary Gibbs, Mr. H. Clinton Baker, Mr. R. Birkbeck, Mr. F. R. S. Balfour, Brodie of Brodie, Mrs. Baldwyn Childe, Capt. D. Cameron of Lochiel, Major Dent, Mr. W. Steuart Fothringham, Major Lloyd, Col. Malcolm of Poltalloch, Mr. E. R. M. Pratt, Mr. C. Coltman Rogers, Dr. Herbert Watney, and Mr. R. Woodward, Jr. For special information respecting the trees of Scotland we are indebted to Mr. John Renwick of Glasgow, and for notes on Irish trees to Mr. R. A. Phillips of Cork and Sir F. W. Moore. The conditions which determine the successful cultivation of exotic trees in different parts of Great Britain are so complicated by local variations of soil, climate, and elevation that after many attempts I have failed to construct a map which would divide the country into arboricultural regions. The best guide to the possibility of growing any particular species in any given locality is to know The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland whether it has succeeded reasonably well in any place of similar soil and climate ; and as we have recorded the accumulated experience of our predecessors, it may usually be presumed that if no degree of success has been attained it is only a waste of time and money to plant species which have died out or remained in a stunted condition. Generally speaking it may be said that there are four principal types of climate in Great Britain. The first is characterised by a high summer and a low winter temperature, combined with a low average rainfall ; and this includes all those districts in which wheat is the most important agricultural crop, namely the eastern counties as far north as the Humber, and the southern counties as far west as Dorset and the Severn Valley. In many parts of this region where, owing to the influence of sea air or elevation, late spring and early autumn frosts rarely occur, the best climatic conditions for the growth of most exotic trees are found. Secondly, the south-western counties and the maritime districts of Wales, the greater part of Ireland and western Scotland, where the summer temperature is lower and the winters shorter and milder, and where the rainfall and the humidity of the air is much greater. In this region alone a great many of the rarer trees and shrubs thrive wherever suitable soil and shelter from wind are found ; but the trees which require a high summer temperature and abundant sunshine to ripen their wood, such as walnuts, hickories, Catalpas, and many North American species, are not often successful, and do not attain large dimensions or ripen their seeds in normal seasons. Thirdly, the north-eastern and midland counties and those districts of southern England where the summers are shorter, where late and early frosts are prevalent, or where the soil is too heavy or too wet to suit a great many exotic trees ; but many exceptions will be found in this region, especially near the sea, and in this district may be included parts of Scotland bordering on the Moray Firth, where the climate is distinctly more suitable to arboriculture than in the northern and midland counties of England generally. Fourthly, the mountains of central and northern England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, at elevations over 1000 feet, where only a few of the hardier conifers can be grown with much hope of success. Next to climate, the geological formation and depth of the soil is the most important factor in the successful growth of trees ; and this again is variable even in the districts where climate is favourable ; so that we find the best instances of arbori culture are scattered in all parts of the country. Generally speaking, the soils which produce the finest hardwoods are on the old red sandstone and lower greensand formations ; and though some species attain a large size on other soils, yet wherever heavy clay or thin rocky soils prevail, especially on limestone, many exotic trees will not grow at all, or become stunted and unhealthy as soon as their roots get into the subsoil. As a result of careful soil preparation trees may appear to thrive for a number of years, yet they eventually become sickly or die if nature has not provided a suitable subsoil. Want of knowledge or of attention to these two factors, has led in the past to immense, waste of time and money in planting trees which are quite Postscript XVll unsuited to their surroundings, and we have seen numerous instances in all parts of Great Britain which prove how little man can do where nature does not favour his efforts. Another point which has been insufficiently realised by most planters, but which my own experience has repeatedly proved, is the remarkable variation in the indi vidual constitution of trees of the same species, even when raised from seeds of the same tree under precisely similar conditions. In a state of nature there is a continual struggle for existence among individuals under which only a few of the strongest survive, and these are the seed-bearers from which future generations arise ; but when we sow a number of seeds under the most favourable conditions which we can devise, and protect them artificially in their youth against their natural enemies, or when we propagate trees by other means, which are often adopted not because they are the fittest but because they are the quickest and cheapest means of re producing them, we obtain a variable percentage of weaklings which thrive only under the best conditions, and which when transplanted to less favourable environ ment are sure sooner or later to succumb. For this reason I have always advocated the raising of forest trees when possible from seed of known healthy parents growing in the same or a similar locality to that where they are to be planted, and rejecting in the nursery all but the most vigorous. This may prove a slower and more costly method than that of buying the trees from a nursery, but I believe it to be the most economical in the end wherever conditions are not very favourable for their growth. With regard to exotic trees which only ripen their seed in this climate in very favourable seasons, I have often found that the seedlings raised from imported seed are more vigorous than those raised from home-grown seed, but my observa tions, though they have been carried on since 1900, are insufficient to enable me to express a decided opinion on this subject. When we consider how remarkably variable our climate is, it is clear that a great deal of the success of planting any trees which are more exacting as regards heat, sunshine, or moisture l than indigenous species, must depend on a good series of seasons in their youth ; for if trees are severely checked by drought, or by late spring or early autumn frosts when young, they suffer much more than when older and better established. Therefore in planting exotic trees it is wise not to depend on one or two individuals, but to plant several of the same species in a group, with the object of selecting the most vigorous and well-shaped when they begin to crowd each other. Another point which is often forgotten by planters of ornamental trees is the fact that in nature these grow gregariously or mixed with other trees, in more or less thick or shady woods, and not isolated in grass. To use a gardener's expression, "a well-furnished tree" such as a cedar, a Sequoia, or a beech with spreading branches resting on the ground, may be a very beautiful object on a lawn or in a park ; but it is not the usual natural shape of these trees ; and if the trunk is always 1 As an instance I may say that at Colesborne the rainfall of June, July, and August, during which months most of the Growth of the majority of trees is made, was, in 1911, 3.39 inches, with only 21 days on which rain fell, and in 1912, 22.30 inches, with only 21 days without rain. VIII C The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland sacrificed to the branches, we rarely get such magnificent boles as these trees are capable of producing when planted under more natural conditions. Another point too often neglected by English arboriculturists is early and regular pruning, which, unless they are planted in close order, is necessary in the case of most broad-leaved and some coniferous trees, until they have attained a considerable size and age. Though the lower branches should not be cut off close to the trunk before it is thick enough to support a well-shaped crown, yet the earlier it is done after the tree has become established, the quicker and better is the wound healed ; and the careful planter must continually watch that no branches are allowed to attain undue proportions at the expense of the trunk. With some trees pruning and shortening of large branches is best done in early spring before the sap rises ; with others, in July or August, when the tree is in vigorous growth ; but though art may do a great deal to form a well-shaped tree, yet unless the soil is deep enough and fertile enough to keep it in health, stunted and stag-headed trees will be the result. The influence of grass on the roots of trees is a subject upon which a great deal of light has been thrown by the experiments carried on by the Duke of Bedford and Mr. Spencer Pickering.1 Though opinions differ on the extent to which their conclusions apply to trees universally, and how far they are due to particular soils, yet there can be no doubt that as a general rule the soil should be kept free from grass for a distance of about three feet all round the trunk for some years at least. On the peculiar soil of Colesborne I have found that some trees, among which Scots and Corsican Pine are conspicuous, do not suffer when planted in a thick sward, and actually seem to grow faster and to be more healthy. I am inclined to believe that wherever the soil is deficient in fertility, grass over the roots of trees, though it may check their growth in dry seasons, is better in most cases than a bare soil which has been impoverished by cultivation. Good soil will overcome almost all other obstacles to the growth of trees, and this fact leads me to speak of another question which planters and foresters often insufficiently consider. Is it more economical and profitable to plant land, which, like many of the natural woods and plantations in Great Britain, has been allowed to remain as woodland only because it was not thought good enough to cultivate ; or to plant land which is pro ducing more or less profitable crops ? We rarely see the dimensions that trees are capable of attaining in Great Britain, except on the estates of families which for centuries have been rich enough to plant good land, and to leave trees standing after they have attained maturity ; and though the largest trees are not always the most valuable, yet the highest quality of timber, which usually fetches a higher price per foot, is rarely produced on inferior land, whilst the quantity per acre that can be grown in a short time is the most important factor in the profit or loss of planting. In forestry as in agriculture the best land is the most profitable and therefore the cheapest. But when I speak of good land I do not mean that the best land for farming is the best for trees, because trees root so much more deeply than agricul tural plants that they can penetrate and feed where the roots of plants cannot reach ; and on steep hill-sides especially, trees seem to thrive wherever the rock is suffi- 1 Thirteenth Report of the Woburn Experimental Fruit Farm, London, 1911. See also Ninth Report, 1908. Postscript XIX ciently broken up, provided that it contains the chemical elements of fertility ; so that the agricultural or grazing value of any particular spot often affords no indication of its value for tree-planting. Though the world has now been nearly everywhere explored, and the number of trees capable of growing in Great Britain has been more than doubled by fresh introductions since Loudon wrote in 1838, it is very surprising how few, if any, of the newer introductions seem likely to supersede or even to equal our long-tried native and introduced trees. Though no one can be a stronger advocate than I am, both in principle and in practice, of the planting of a great variety of exotic trees, and though in localities where somewhat unusual conditions are found, some of these species—such as Japanese larch, Sitka spruce, Lawson and Nootka cypress, and Douglas fir—do seem likely to be more profitable than older introductions like the European larch, Silver and Spruce firs, yet I can hardly think of any broad-leaved tree, except some poplars which are not yet fully proved, and possibly the grey alder, which seems likely to have much economic value or to supersede our native oak, beech, ash, elm, and sycamore, which to timber merchants are at present the only trees really worth looking at, and which will grow to a large size in almost all parts of our islands. Whether time will prove this to be a fact or not, we have done our best to describe every tree as yet introduced, with the exception of some of the latest introductions from China. When trees have passed the age of maturity and are beginning to decline in health they usually show it by the death of the upper branches, which is particularly noticeable on very heavy or very dry soils after a long hot summer. If there is no serious decay in the trunk, this decline may often be checked, for a considerable time at any rate, by a top-dressing of leaf-mould mixed with old rotten manure and fertile soil, spread about three inches deep over the area covered by the branches ; but such dressing must not be too thick or too strong, especially in the case of conifers, for which pure leaf-mould is perhaps the best manure. When wounds caused by broken branches, fungi, or other injuries appear on the trunk, it is important to fill them as soon as possible. The same principles adopted in filling decayed teeth are perfectly applicable to trees, namely, to clear out all decayed wood as far as possible, to apply an antiseptic to the exposed surface, to fill up the cavity with cement, and to cover with lead any cracks or holes by which water can get into the trunk. When branches become dangerous or inclined to split off, they are often supported by iron rods, bands, and chains ; and I believe that when this is done in such a way that the band can be loosened as the branch thickens, it is a safer and more permanent method than passing a rod through a hole in the branch and putting a nut on it to keep it in place. There are many other special points in the cultivation of trees which only ex perience can teach, though the general principles are given in works on forestry and arboriculture ; and in many cases these special points are dealt with in the pages of our work. Opinions vary and always will vary as to the best systems of planting, and the best mixture to adopt, which depend on the peculiar conditions we have to deal with ; but in tree-planting, whether for economic or other objects, it cannot be The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland too strongly emphasised that a study of local conditions is always essential. The more a man knows of the risks and difficulties which planters have to contend with in most parts of the country, the less willing will he be to offer advice, or to form estimates of cost and expected profits based on experience which is not local. For this reason I look with suspicion on hastily considered working plans and estimates of costs and results which are not supported by local knowledge. Even in old-estab lished forests abroad, where the expenses and profits are based on the experience of centuries, and where nothing is done without the approval of Government foresters, changes are constantly being made in practice to meet the changing conditions of the times ; and when we remember that our long-established systems of woodcraft in England have been completely revolutionised in the last fifty years by changes in economic conditions, the duration of which cannot be foreseen, it seems evident that what we think right to-day may turn out to be wrong long before the trees we plant are mature. Before concluding I should again like to offer a warning word on the question of planting and management for profit, as contrasted with planting for ornament, sport, and shelter. English landowners are sometimes reproached with ignorance and neglect of the principles of pure forestry ; but it must always be remembered that the economic, social, and in many districts the climatic conditions of Great Britain, make planting for profit a very uncertain and often a very risky investment. In our work we have endeavoured to show the possibility of cultivating a great number of exotic trees which have not, and probably never will have, any economic value from the forester's point of view, because we believe that when planted in small quantities with sufficient knowledge of their cultural requirements, they will add greatly to the interest, beauty, and residential value of British country homes ; and we have illustrated the finest examples of most of the trees which exist in Britain. We ought to aim as far as possible at planting those species which local experience has tested, in situations which are most suitable to them. This warning must apply not only to the rarer species, but to some which have been very exten sively planted of late years by enthusiasts in arboriculture, who look only at the successes of others and refuse to look at the failures. I have myself learnt more from my failures than from my successes ; and have never been able to understand why in so many cases people are unwilling to show or to write of their failures, when these are due—as they often are—to natural obstacles rather than to want of care or knowledge. The future of arboriculture in Great Britain is a brilliant one, if landowners are not deterred from planting by ill-considered or hostile legislation ; but the future of pure forestry—in England at least—is very problematical. For though there are districts where the land may—under State foresters working on a larger scale than private owners—produce a more profitable return under timber than when used for other purposes, yet I believe that these districts are so few and far between that the establishment of a State industry, financed by taxation, to compete with the long- established private industry of timber-growing would not be justified by any advan tage that would result to the country. (H. J. E.) Postscript XXI In concluding our work there are a few points about which I think it advisable to add some explanatory remarks. First, with regard to its scope, it was intended at the outset to include only those trees which attain timber size in the British Isles. It was found, however, impossible in practice to draw a rigid line between the timber trees and the smaller trees, which like shrubs are cultivated for ornament or curiosity. In the case of genera, which comprise both large and small trees as well as shrubs, our treatment has not been logically uniform. All the species of oak in cultivation have been described in detail, because in this genus shrubs are of exceptional occurrence. On the other hand, only the larger maples have been the subject of separate articles, as it was evident that a brief notice would suffice for the shrubby species. In the case of genera of exceptional interest, as Pinus, Juniperus, Cephalotaxus, all the introduced species, even those of small size, have been treated in full. The keys for the identification of species are based upon the characters of the twigs, leaves, and buds, and not upon those of the flowers and fruits, as has been usual in botanical works. The latter characters are often not available in the case of trees, the determination of which may be required when they are in the young state, or at some period of the year when flowers and fruit are not present. When the preparation of the seventh volume was drawing near a close, we saw that it would be impracticable, without unduly deferring the completion of the work, to include many of the new species that of late years have been introduced from China and Japan. On this account, Eucommia, Tetracentron, Cercidiphyllum, Pistacia, Phellodendron, Idesia, Poliothyrsis, Davidia, etc., have been necessarily omitted. For obvious reasons, I was unable to take up the complete study of such genera as Crataegus, which is almost exclusively composed either of shrubs or small trees that are merely ornamental in character ; and I have limited my account in this case to a full description of the two indigenous species. Generally speaking, the Conifers have been described exhaustively in our book ; but certain rare kinds of which there are only a few specimens of small size in Cornwall and in the mild districts of Ireland, have been left untouched, as Podocarpus, Callitris, Tetraclinis, Widdringtonia, Dacrydium, and Phyllocladus. Though, as just explained, all the species of trees in cultivation in England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland, are not included, yet a vast number have been described, as is evidenced by the Index, which extends over 80 pages. The Index has been compiled with great care, and should prove of service to our readers, as it embraces, in addition to the common names and the usually accepted scientific names, nearly all the appellations which have been applied to the various species and their varieties and sports in countless lists, catalogues, and books. The com pilation of this synonymy has been a heavy labour and a thankless task. The choice of the correct name of each species has not been always easy. As some of the reviews of the published volumes criticise certain names which I have adopted, it will be well for me to explain my views on the vexed question of nomenclature. That, in a work of this magnitude, I have refrained from the XX11 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland invention of new names, except in one case for a speciesJ and in two or three cases for hybrids,2 gives me a claim to be heard on the subject. In the earlier volumes, I followed the Kew practice of the time, that of selecting as the correct name the oldest one, which had been used under the genus to which the species is now referred. In the latter volumes, I have followed, except in a few instances, the Vienna Rule, that of adopting the oldest specific name, no matter to what genus it had been attached. Most German and American botanists follow this rule " blindly," as one of them remarked to me. As a result names which have been current for a century, not only in scientific books but in popular literature, have now to give way to supposed earlier names, which have been resuscitated from the works of writers whose descriptions are often so ambiguous as to render it impossible to say what species was actually meant. The strict application of the Vienna Rule is sometimes so difficult that the best authorities disagree thereon. As an example, we are bidden to change the name Alnus glutinosa, Gaertner, which has been used for the common alder for over a century in every botanical text-book and Flora. Certain botanists substitute for it the name Alnus rotundifolia, Miller, whilst one authority puts forth a strong claim for Alnus vulgaris, Hill.3 This displacement of a well-known scientific name by an obscure one is a pedantic and harmful practice. Its absurdity is shown by the fact that some recent writers, who adopt under all circumstances the Vienna Rule, are obliged, in order to specify clearly the species which they mean, to use two names, the second of which is the old-established name in brackets. The common oak is called by these writers4 " Quercus Robur, Linn. (Q. pedunculata) " • while the wych elm is cumbered5 with the appellation " Ulmusglabra, Huds. = U. montana." The confusion of the new practice is doubled, when the Vienna name for a species happens to be (as in the last case) the same as the old-established name for another species of the same genus. Thus, no one now knows without some explanation which species of elm is meant by the term Ulmus glabra. In order to avoid such confusion, I have preserved in certain cases the old- established name, if its use involves no ambiguity. I have thus kept up Larix europœa, Larix americana, Larix leptolepis, Abies pectinata, Quercus pedunculata, Betula pubescens, Betula verrucosa, a series of names which have been consecrated by long usage in books on botany, arboriculture, and forestry. If I am wrong in using these names, I err in company with nearly all the writers who have mentioned these trees during the last century. The postponement to the last volume of the more difficult genera has enabled me to devote time, labour, and travel to their study ; and has resulted in a clearer knowledge of the numerous cultivated kinds of elms and poplars, the systematic position of which has been the despair of botanists. The results of the experimental sowings of the seeds of various elms, which I made in 1909, together with a study 1 Cf. Pofiilus Maximmviaii, vol. vii. 1838. 2 Cf. Popultts Lloydii, vol. vii. 1830, Ulmus Mossii, vol. vii. 1865, note 2. 3 Cf. Schneider, Laiibfiohhtnde, ii. 890 (1912). 1 Cf. Schneider, Laubhohkunde, i. 197 (1904). 6 Cf. Tansley, British Vegetatitm, 148 (1911). Postscript XXI11 of the history of the Lucombe Oak and its descendants, have thrown much light on a class of trees, which though common in cultivation on account of their vigour of growth, are unknown in the wild state. These trees undoubtedly originated as chance seedlings, due to accidental cross - fertilisation of two distinct species, and were immediately selected by observant nurserymen as desirable varieties to propagate. Trees like the Black Italian Poplar and the London Plane, which in botanical characters appear to be first crosses in each case, between an American and a European species, can be traced back to 1700, about which date the introduced species was long enough in the country to produce flowers and to fertilise the native species growing beside it. Other trees, which I consider to be also first crosses, on account not only of their botanical characters but because they are unknown in the wild state, are :— the Common Lime, Huntingdon Elm, and Cricket-Bat Willow, the parents in their case being closely allied European species. All the preceding hybrids were pro duced accidentally ; and similar cases occur periodically in certain nurseries, as at Plantières, near Metz, where two splendid hybrid poplars (Populus Eugenci and P. robustà) have been picked out of the seed-bed. The first to produce artificial crosses between forest trees was Klotzsch in 1845 ; and his experiments, though on a small scale, were successful in indicating that extra vigour of growth was obtainable with certainty. Practically nothing, however, has been done, since his time, to improve the breeds of forest trees ; and foresters have never even thought of the possibilities in this direction, though gardeners and farmers have shown the way for centuries. I suggested in a paper read on 7th April 1910 before the Linnean Society that artificial crossing should be tried in the Ash and Walnut, as the quality of the wood of these two valuable trees would be improved by more rapid growth. During the past three years I have carried on cross-pollination of trees of certain kinds at Cambridge, in Kew Gardens, and near Exeter and Gloucester. These experiments have shown that there are obstacles in the way of obtaining successful results, owing to the difficulty of manipulation on trees swaying in the wind, and to the spring frosts which often injure the pollinated flowers. Moreover, suitable exotic trees, especially of the broad-leaved sorts, are hard to find, as those that exist rarely produce good flowers. I am convinced that such experiments could be carried on much more successfully in stations like Montpellier in France, or Washington in the United States, where suitable trees and a warm climate can be readily found. Nevertheless, I have raised a considerable number of hybrid seedlings, which are now under observation. First-crosses once obtained can readily be reproduced by cuttings or by layers ; and the cost of propagation would be very moderate. That this is feasible, is shown by the splendid hybrid elms in Belgium and Holland, all of which are raised by layering in nurseries. Many interesting problems, which had to be laid aside for the time, arose in the course of the researches which were undertaken in the work of preparation of the seven volumes. To some of these problems, especially those connected with the origin of sports and varieties, I hope to return. The belief is rapidly gaining The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland ground that all species of trees are comparable, in a greater or less degree, as regards their variation, to the remarkable instance of the Douglas Fir, the Rocky Mountain variety of which differs so much from that growing on the Pacific Coast, while between these two extremes lie a series of intermediate forms. Similar variation is well known in the case of Pinus Laricio, the geographical forms of which behave very differently in cultivation. Such differences probably exist in all species with a wide distribution ; and in the future, care in the selection of seed may be the most important point in sylviculture. All the bibliographical references in the work have been checked independently, and no effort has been spared to indicate with accuracy the source of our information, where it is not the result of our own observations. Though in the course of our labours, we have had the benefit of mutual criticism, it should be clearly understood that each of us is only responsible for the parts which are signed by his initials. It would be inaccurate to quote both our names, when only one of us has verified the fact or studied the question at issue. As an example,—" Elwes, in Elwes and Henry, Trees of Great Britain, v. 1179," is the correct citation for the account of Cupressus lusitanien in Portugal ; whereas, " Henry, in Elwes and Henry, Trees of Great Britain, \. 1183," is responsible for the article on Cupressus arizonica. It will readily be seen, that while the purely botanical part (including the identification of specimens) has been done by me, that the other part, dealing with distribution, history, and cultivation, has been divided in varying proportions between the two authors. (A. H.) ERRATA AND ADDENDA Vol. i. p. vii, line 15. The English Elm was not introduced from Italy. Cf. vol. vii. p. 1907. i. p. 2, line 32. For Dryander, in Ait. read Aiton. The leaves of the North American beech are figured in vol. iii. PI. 202, Fig. 6. Rehder, in Rhodora, ix. 113 (1907), and in Mitt. Deut. Dend. Ges. 1907, p. 70, states that the correct name of the American beech is Fagus grandifolia, Ehrhart, B eu. iii. 22 (1788), and describes three varieties: (i) van typica, Rehder; (2) var. pubescens, Fernald and Rehder; and (3) var. caroliniana, Fernald and Rehder, the latter having a sub-variety mollis. i. p. 2, line 39. For north read the north. i. p. 4, line i. Add Fagus Hohenackeriana, Palibin, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. viii. 378 (1908), is probably a form with large leaves of F. orientalis, Lipski. i. p. 6, note 2, line 2. Omit the hazel, the cotyledons of which are not aerial. Cf. vol. iii. p. 521. i. p. 8, line 40. This is var. Rohanii, Masek, in Mitt. D eut. Dend. Ges. 1905, p. 196 and 1908, p. 140, described as a purple beech with deeply cut leaves like those of var. quercoides, from a tree of which it is said to have arisen through pollination by a purple beech that stood near. ID, line 2i. The Weeping Beech at Enclsleigh is figured in vol. ii. PL 58A. 13, line 31. For Lyons-Ie-Foret read Lyons-la-Forêt. 17, line 42. For Buckholt read Buckhold. 29. line 13. For Vilmoriana read Vilmoriniana. 30. note i. For 14 read 15. 31. note i. Add vol. ii. PL 126, Fig. 3. 32. line 2. ^or Japan wad Japon. 38. Concerning Sophora japonica, var. pendula— Bretschneider, in Journ. N. China Br. R. Asiat. Soc. xv. 15 (1880), states : " The Chinese produce this tree artificially by causing two young trees of Sophora japonica, growing close together, to join by grafting, and then turning upwards the roots of one of them." De Vries, Mutation Theory, loi (1911), says, however, that the Weeping Sophora originated in Joly's nursery at Paris in 1800. i. p. 38, note i. This note is to be deleted, as the plate mentioned has not been published. vni 1935 B i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. 1936 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Vol. i. p. 44. Araucaria araiicana, Koch, is the correct name of the Chilean Araucaria, according to the Vienna Rules. i. p. 44, line 2. For iv. 2432 (1844) read iv. 2432 (1838). i. p. 44, line 4. For Rich, read Richard. i. p. 44, line 5. For Mirb. read Mirbel. i. p. 57, line 31. For develops read develop. i. p. 64, line 4. For var. ? chinensis read var. ? chinense. i. p. 65, line 2. For tulipifera read Tttlipifera. i. p. 65, line 8. After leaves insert (Vol. iii. PI. 204, Fig. 7). i. p. 66, line 30. After buds insert (Vol. ii. PI. 126, Fig. i). i. p. 76, line 33. Omit opening red. i. p. 76, line 37. Omit the buds open green, and i. p. 77, line I. Picea morindoides is fully described under the correct name, Picea spinulosa, Henry, in vol. vi. p. 1392. Its native country is Sikkim and Bhutan. i. p. 80, line 37. For Serajevo read Sarajevo. i. pp. 85, 89. If, as is probable, both the Ajan spruce (Picea ajanensis) and the Hondo spruce (Picea hondoensis) constitute only one species, its correct name is Picea jezoensis, Carrière. i. p. 85, line 16, and i. p. 89, line 13. It is doubtful if the distinctions here noted, as regards the colour of the opening buds, are valid. In the specimens of P. hondoensis which I have examined, the buds open with a slightly reddish tinge. i. p. 88, line 10. For tremula read Sieboldii. i. p. 92, line 26. The specimens in the Kew Herbarium with pubescent branchlets, from the Columbia river, which are mentioned as a variety of Picea sitchensis, must be referred to Picea Engelmanni. \. p. 93, line 3. After 1892 insert xiv. 184. i. p. 99, line 6. For Pruminopitys read Prumnopitys. i. p. loo, line 32. Taxus canadensis, Marshall, is undoubtedly a distinct species, and is peculiar not only in its shrubby habit but in having monoecious flowers. i. p. 107, line 21. For 53 read 31. i. p. 107, line 22. For the Hokkaido read Hokkaido. i. p. [io, line 32. For 58 read 34. i. p. in, lines 13, 14. For Cltestlmntensis read Cheskuntensis. i. p. 114, line 18. After mentioned above add (p. 107). i. p. 117, line 24. For Low read Lowe. i. p. 117, line 32. R. J. Moss, in Scient. Proc. R. Dublin Soc. xii. 92 (1909), found 0.6 per cent of taxine in the leaves of the Irish yew (var. fastigiata) as com pared with o. 12 per cent in the leaves of the female common yew and o. 18 per cent in those of the male common yew, recorded by Thorpe and Stubbs in Journ. Cftem. Soc. Trans. 1902, p. 874. Moss refers to a case, in which pheasants, which are believed to eat common yew with impunity, were poisoned by the leaves of the Irish yew. i. p. 120, line 35. For 54, 55 read 32, 33. Errata and Addenda Vol. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. i. p. ii. p. ii. p. ii. p. ii. p. ii. p. ii. p. ii. p. ii. p. ii. p. ii. p. ii. p. ii. p, ii. p. ii. p, i. p. 122, line 22. For Low read Lowe. 123, line 9. For Whittinghame read Whittingehame. 132, line 34. The article on Distribution in China should be signed (A. H.). 139, line i. For Hempsted read Hemsted. 139, line 28. For Worcestershire read Herefordshire. 142, line 17. The species of the sections A^lcupar^a are treated in detail in vol. vi. p. 1574. 142, line 25. For Pyrus thianschanica, Regel, read Pyrus tianschanica, Franchet. 142, line 30. For Torrey and Gray read De Candolle. See vol. vi. p. 1574. 142, line 32. Pyrus sambucifolia. Add the following note :—Cf. vol. vi. p. 1574, note 3. 144, line 32. 148, line 19. 148. line 23. 149. line 33. 149, line 34. 159, line 3. 175, line 26. 177, last line. For Linnaeus read Ehrhart. For Mountmorris read Mountnorris ; for rector read late vicar. For Lee's read Lees. For Connaught read Albany. For Snell read Smelt. For 915 read 912. For Seeman read Seemann. For uniflora read aquatica (cf. vol. iii. 513). 182, and note i. Thuja, the spelling adopted by Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 1002 (1753), is to be preferred to that of Thuya. 184, line 8. For non A. Murray read not Balfour in A. Murray. 192, lines 6 and 15, and i. 198, line 16. For Retinospora read Retinispora. Re garding the correct spelling of the word, see vol. v. p. 1146, note 2. 195. The correct name, according to the Vienna Rules, of Thuya japonica, Maximowicz, is Thuya Standishii, Carrière. 196. line i. For Komaror read Komarov. vi, last line. Insert a comma between Ailanthus and Cladrastis. 202, line 36. For Cryptomera read Cryptomeria. 202. line 4. For Thoujopsis read Thujopsis. 203. last line. Read Thujopsis Hondai, A. Henry. 208, line 41. For A. read ^E. 218, line io. For A. read SE. 225, line 6. Add the note :—Pavia rubra, Poiret, in Lamarck, Ency. v. 94 (1804), is JEsculus Pavia (cf. p. 207). 225, line 17. For A. read JE. 228, line 34. For Maximowicz read Masters. 234. It will probably be better to adopt for this species the name Tsuga heterophylla, Sargent, as the correct one under the Vienna Rules. 240, line 9. For loc. cit. read Timber Trees and Forests oj North Carolina, 1898. 244. The correct name for this species is Tsuga dumosa, Sargent. 282. Moss, mjourn. Bot. 1910, p.6, and Schneider, Laubholzkunde, i. 197 (1904), adopt the name, Quercus Robur, Linnaeus, for the pedunculate or common oak. 282, line 25. After Branchlets insert (PI. 78, Fig. i). 1938 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Vol. ii. p. 283, line 3. After Leaves insert (Plate 79, Fig. i). ii. p. 285, line 12. For (1844) read (1838). ii. p. 285, line 15. For comptonœfolia read comptoniœfolia. ii. p. 288, line 30. For Boenn. read Boenninghausen. A fuller account of the hybrid oak, Quercus intermedia, Boenninghausen, is given by Dr. C. E. Moss, in Journ. Bot. 1910, pp. i, 34, plate 502. ii. p. 291, line 14. Quercus sessilis, Ehrhart, cannot be adopted as the correct name of the sessile oak, as it was unaccompanied by any description. Cf. Moss, in Journ. Bot. 1910, p. 2, and Schneider, Laubholzkiinde, \. 196 (1904), and ii. 901 (1912). ii. p. 291, line 22. After Branchlets insert (PI. 78, Fig. 2). ii. p. 291, line 25. After Leaves insert (PI. 79, Fig. 8). ii. 294, line 2. Read Quercus lamiginosa, Lamarck, Fl. Franc, ii. 209 (1778); Thuillier. Insert the following reference as a new line :—Quercus Robur, var. lanuginosa, Lamarck, Encyc. i. 717 (1783). ii. p. 376, line 18. For unlikely read likely. ii- P- 379» title. Add Dahurian Larch. ii. p. 382, line 5. Insert A remarkable tree at Henham Hall, Suffolk, which accord ing to the Earl of Stradbroke was planted between 1790 and 1803, is grafted on a common larch stock, forming a trunk about 6 ft. high and 7 ft. 4 in. in girth. It divides into numerous branches, which extend horizontally for a distance of about 100 ft., supported on larch poles. None of the branches rise more than two or three feet above this level ; and when Elwes saw the tree in August 1909, they were covered with new and old cones. There are two good specimens of the Dahurian larch at Stanage Park, Herefordshire, which measured about 80 ft. by 5 ft. in 1910. They were planted as Larix pendilla in 1836. ii. p. 383, title. Add Kurile Larch. ii. p. 384, title. Add Japanese Larch. u- P- 393> note. Insert reference \ ii. p. 398, line 27. For albertiana read Albertiana. ii. p. 409, line 18, and ii. 410, line 18. The form of Pinus Laricio, which occurs in the mountains of the central, north-eastern and south-eastern provinces of Spain is identical with that of the Cevennes and Pyrenees, and is to be referred to var. tenuifolia. The best account of the Pimis Laricio of Spain is given by S. E. Cook, Sketches in Spain, ii. 228, 234, 237, 244 (1834) ; and the name P. hispanica, Cook, op. cit. 234, may be added to the synonymy of this tree. Laguna, Flora Forestal Espanola, i. 80 (1883), gives full details of its distribution. ii. p. 424, line 6. Omit rarely. For 6 read 8. ii. p. 428, line 23. For Guilandina diocus read Guilandina dioica. ii. p. 433, line 6. After regular insert full stop. u- P- 435. nne !J- Insert A tree standing close to Weston Birt House, measured by Elwes in October, 1912, was 47 ft. by 3^ ft. Errata and Addenda Vol. ii. p. 437, line 18. For DIPTERA (sectio nova) read DIPTERA, A. Henry (sectio nova). ii. p. 438, line 26. For Juglans fraxinifolium read Juglans fraxinifolia. iii. p. 452, line 23. Add Interesting details concerning the flowers, cones, and seedlings, as well as the rate of growth of the cedars, are given by Hutchison, in Trans. Roy. Scott. Arbor. Soc. xiii. 200 (1893). iii. p. 452, line 24. The seedling here described was that of Pimis Jialepensis ; and this paragraph should be transferred to vol. v. p. noo. iii. p. 471, line 12. For last January read in January 1907. iii. p. 475, line 25. After now add (1907). iii. p. 480, line 23. For albertiana read Albertiana. iii. p. 485, line 25. For Endlichler read Endlicher, iii. p. 489, line 10. For 1888 read 1870. iii. p. 489, line 27. For Thuya Craigana, Murray, read TJmja Craigana, Balfour, in Murray. The correct name of the Incense Cedar of North America is Libocedrus Craigana, Low, ex R. Brown, in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. ix. 373 (1868). Cf. A. Henry, in Gard. Chron. lui. 325 (1913). iii. p. 490, line 30. For Murray read Balfour, and for Thuya read Thuja, iii. p. 492, line 35. For Park read Place, iii. p. 494, note 2. The new species from Formosa has been named CunningJiamia Konishii, Hayata, in Gard. Chron. xliii. 194 (1908). Cf. Clinton-Baker, Illust. Conif. iii. 84 (1913), and Elwes, in Quart. Journ. Forestry, vi. 274 (1912). It has not yet been introduced. iii. p. 513, note i. For 1904 read for 1903. Add Cf. vol. i. p. 177 and note 3. iii. p. 540, line 29. For Ostrya Ostrya, Sargent, read Ostrya Ostrya, Karsten, Deiitsch. Fl. 20 (1895) ; Sargent, iii. p. 545, lines i and 23 ; 546, lines, 8, 11, 21, 24, and 37 ; 547, lines 9, 11, and 16 ; 548, line 13; 549, line i; 550, line 18; 553, line 29. For Oerstedt read Oersted. iii- P- 553> li'le 2I- After now add (October, 1907). iii- P- 553» line 33- For Foster read Forster, iii. p. 558, note i. Arbutus canariensis is said, by W. Fitzherbert in Card. Chron. Hi. 44 (1912), to be 30 ft. high at Abbotsbury. It is perfectly hardy at Rostrevor, where I saw a shrub 10 ft. high in May 1913. iii. p. 563, line 33. For Brit. 1119 read Brit. ii. 1119. iii. p. 564, line 28. For Klotzch read Klotzsch. iii. p. 565, line 31. For procera, Lindley, rea&procera, Douglas, ex Lindley. iii- P- 573» line 27- After var. scotica add A. Henry, iii. p. 576, note 2. Add Cf. vol. v. p. 1130, note 2. iii. p. 586, line 5. For 162 read 131. iii. p. 595, line 23. For Primer read Pruner. iii. p. 599, line 5. For Schneider ex read Schneider, Laubholzkunde, i. 803 (1906) ; iii. p. 600, line 17. For cordifolia, Schneider, ex read cordiformis, Schneider, Laubholzkunde, i. 803 (1906), and ii. 1008 (1912); iii. p. 601, line 32. For Schneider ex read Schneider, Laubholzkimde i. 803 (1906) ; 194° The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Vol. iii. p. 604, note. For Schneider by read Schneider, Laubholzkunde, i. 803 (1906) and ii. 872 (1912); iii. p. 605, line 29. For Schneider ex read Schneider, Laubholzkunde, i. 804 (1906) ; iii. p. 620, line 18. The evidence is now almost conclusive that Platanus acerifolia, Willdenow, the London Plane, is of hybrid origin, the parents being P. occidentalis, Linnaeus, and P. orientalis, Linnaeus, iii. p. 627, line 5. For hybridus read hybrida. iii. p. 640, note. For mandschuricum read mandshur^c^lm. iii. p. 642, line 31. For villosa read villosum. iii. p. 652, line 22. For austriaca read austriacum. iii. p. 654, line 30. After paces add (Plate 185). iii. p. 657, line 38. For sugar maple read common sycamore, iii. p. 664, note 3. For 1889 read 1899. iii. p. 669, line 20. For M. E. Louis read M. Jouin. iii. p. 677, line 24. For nigra read nigrum. iii. p. 690, line 31. For trees, read trees (Plate 195). iii. p. 703, note. Add Silva of California, 143 (1910). iii. p. 706, line 7. For he wrote read this was written, iii. p. 706, line 35. After now add (1907). iii. p. 707, line 5. For 106 read 196. iii. p. 709, line 27. After now add (1907). iii. p. 709, line 28. After now add (1907). iv. p. 714, line 23. For all other conifers by read all other conifers except Keteleeria by. Cf. vol. vi. 1473. iv. p. 728, line 25. Insert The Marquess of Bath informed Elwes in 1910 that Col. Thynne had measured a silver fir near the house at Longleat which was 144 ft. by 17 ft. 4 in. in 1909. iv. p. 731, note 2. For 1896 read 1894. iv. p. 739, line 21. For Panachaica read panachaica. iv. p. 747, line 33. For a read at. iv. p. 756, line 15. For inch read inches, iv. p. 782, line 2. For 1840 read 1839. iv. p. 812, line 37. For Pscudotsuga japonica, Sargent, read Pseudotsuga japonica, Beissner, in Mitt. Deut. Dend. Ges. 1896, p. 62 ; Sargent, iv. p. 817, line 22. For in the Yellowstone Park in read from the Yellowstone Park in Wyoming to. iv. p. 818, line n. For 3 read i. iv. p. 824, line 10. For pine read fir. iv. p. 854, lines 9, 10. For Icon. Forest. Japon, read Icon. Ess. Forest. Japon. iv. p. 854, line 12. For Seeman read Seemann, iv. p. 860, line 20. For 898 read goo. iv. p. 862, line i. For 907 read 905. iv. p. 862, line 5. For 904 read 912. iv. p. 862, line 19. For longicuspis, Blume, read longicîispis, Siebold and Zuccarini. Errata and Addenda 1941 Vol. iv. p. 862, line 36. For 906 read 907. iv. p. 862, note i. For 21 read 25. iv. p. 863, line 15. For 905 read 906. iv. p. 876, line 2. For 124 feet read 97 feet. iv. p. 884, line 5. Schneider, Laubholzkunde, ii. 832 (1912) adopts the earlier name, Fraxinus obliqua, Tausch, in Flora, xvii. 521 (1834) for F. Willdenorviana, Koehne ; and states that Lingelsheim identifies it with a wild specimen found by Bornmüller in Anatolia. iv. p. 904, line 13. For Hildenley at read Hildenley in. iv. p. 912, line 33. For 265 read 264. iv. p. 915, line 21. For Pittcursii read Pitteursii. iv. p. 918, line 8. For Hertfordshire read Herefordshire, iv. p. 918, line 38. For University Park read Christ Church Meadows, iv. p. 919, line 10. For 61 feet in girth read 61 feet in height, iv. p. 922, line 25. For Stukeley read Stewkley. iv. p. 940, line 17, and note 2. The variety in Japan has been described as a distinct species, Alnus serrulatoides, Callier, in Fedde, Repert. x. 229 (1911). iv. p. 946, line 24. For montrosa read monstrosa. iy- P- 95 2> nne *6. For multinervis, Schneider, read multinervis, Callier, ex Schneider. iv. p. 953, line 24. Delete comma after Flora. iv. p. 963, note 2. For Eriophes read Eriophyes. iv. p. 971, line 21. For 225 read 255. iv. p. 989, line 6. For dahurica read davurica. iv. Plate 264, Fig. 16. For lancelotata read lanceolata. v. p. 1013, line 15. For Bewdley read Bromsgrove. v. p. 1029, note i. For Rusticanum read Rusticum. v. p. 1031, line 24. For Burwood House, near Cobham, Surrey, read Bearwood, near Wokingham. v. p. 1080, note 7. For saved read sowed, v. p. iioo, line 24. For Pithyusa readpithyusa. v. p. i loo, line 31. For Eldarica read eldarica. v. p. 1102, line 38. After P. halepensis insert (Plate 287). v. p. 1103, note 3. For Strangways read Steven. Cf. p. iioo and note, v. p. 1107, line 32. For Solander in Aiton read Aiton. v. p. 1113, line 12. For Solander in Aiton read Aiton. v. p. 1124, line 36. For Burwood House, Surrey, read Bearwood, Berks, v. p. 1130, note 2. For Klotsch read Klotzsch. v. p. 1134, line 26. For Mackintoshiana read Macintoshiana. v. p. 1139, line 23. For Aboretum read Arboret^lm. v. p. 1140, line i. For Solander in Aiton read Aiton. v. p. 1142, line 5. For 5 ft. 3 in. read 5.23 in. v. p. 1142, line 6. For 6 ft. 4 in. read 6.4 in. ; for 8 ft. 3 in. read 8.3 in. v. p. 1200, line 28. v. p. 1203, note 2. v. p. 1229, note 5. v. p. 1235, note 2. v. p. 1257, line 2i. v. p. 1257, line 24. v. p. 1942 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Vol. v. p. 1150, line 9. Cupressus Hodginsii, Dunn, has been made the type of a new genus, and is now known as Fokicnia Hodginsii, A. Henry and H. H. Thomas, in Gard. Chron. xlix. 66, 84, figs. (1911). Cf. Clinton-Baker, Illust. Conif. iii. 85 (1913), who gives particulars regarding its introduction into cultivation. v. p. 1179, note i, line 4. For Parlatore read Antoine. v. p. 1188, line 18. For Maichi read Imaichi. Insert (H. J. E.). For pygmea read pygmœa. For schockiana read Schochiana. After Small, read in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 1901, p. 157. For 317 read 318. For 318 read 317. 1289, between lines 19 and 20. Add as a synonym, Quercus austriaca sempervirens, Hort., a name by which this oak is still occasionally known in some nurseries. v. p. 1315, line 17. For cerquhino read cerquinho. vi. p. 1372. Two varieties of the Hondo spruce, vars. reflcxa and aciczilaris, have recently been described by Shirasawa and Koyama, in Tokyo Bot. Mag. xxvii. 129, pi. ii. figs. 1-17 (1913). An allied species, Picea Koyamai, Shirasawa, was published in Tokyo Bot. Mag. xxvii. 128, pi. ii. figs. 28-35 (I9I3)- vi. p. 1374, line 3. Add Shirasawa and Koyama describe and figure Picea Maximowiczii in Tokyo Bot. Mag. xxvii. 130, pi. ii. figs. 18 to 27 (1913). vi. p. 1380, line 25. For Solander in Aiton read Aiton. vi. p. 1411, line 3. For Timbal read Timbal-Lagrave. vi. p. 1481, line 3 ; 1483, line 6; 1485, line n ; 1487, line 22 ; 1489, lines 12 and 23 ; 1490, line 29. For Bull. Soc. Dcnd. France, i. read Bull. Soc. Dend. France, ii. vi. p. 1487, line 18 and note 2. It will be advisable to adopt for this species the oldest name, Catalpa ovata, Don, and to abandon that of C. Kaempferi. Rehder, in Sargent,/'/««/. Wilson, ii. 304 (1912) agrees with me that this species is truly wild in Central China, and that C. Henryi, Dode, cannot be maintained even as a variety, vi. p. 1489, line 24. Catalpa Duclouxii, Dode, and C. sutchuenensis, Dode, in Bull. Soc. Dend. France, ii. 204 (1907), are considered by Rehder, in Sargent, Plant. Wilson, ii. 304(1912), to be identical, and constitute a glabrous variety of C. Fargesi, Bureau, which varies much in pubescence, vi. p. 1569, line n. For Solander in Aiton read Aiton. vi. p. 1580, note. Add The rowan (Pyrus Aucuparia!) is called quicken tree in Wicklow and other parts of Ireland, vi. p. 1585, line i. Schneider, Laubholzkunde, i. 806 (1906), adopts for this species the name Magnolia virginiana, Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 535 (1753), instead of Magnolia glauca. vi. p. 1616, note 2. For E. GunnüvzwSi E. cocci/era. vii. p. 1736, note 3. For Chevallier read Blin. Cf. Bull. Dend. Soc. France, 1913, p. 122. (A. H.) 4. I INDEX Abeel (Abele) tree, vii. 1780, 1783 „ etymology, vii. 1780 note i ABELICEA, Reicheiibach, iv. 914 Abelicea hirta, Schneider, iv. 920 „ Keaki, Schneider, iv. 920 „ ulmoides, Kuntze, iv. 915 Abelude n'zän tree, v. 1321 AIUES, Bentham et Hooker, vi. 1473 „ A. L. de Jussieu, ii. 345 ABIES, Linnœus, iv. 713 „ key to species, iv.' 715 ABIES, Linnœus (Spruce Firs), i. 75 „ Poiret, iii. 451 Abies aäciilaris, Maximowicz, vi. 1372, 1373 „ aclada, Salvi, vi. 1342 „ ajanensis, Lindley and Gordon, i. 85 „ alba, Michaux, vi. 1380 „ „ Miller, iv. 720 „ Albertiana, A. Murray, ii. 234 „ Alcockiana, Gordon, vi. 1372 „ Alcoquiana, Veitch, i. 90 ; vi. 1372 „ amabilis, Fortes, iv. 782, 717, 787 „ „ British Columbia, tree in, iv. 783, PI. 220 „ „ distribution and history, iv. 782 „ „ remarkable trees, iv. 784 „ amabilis, Murray, iv. 773 „ Apollinis, Link, iv. 723, 739, 740 Araragi, Loudon, ii. 246 arctica, Murray, vi. 1381 arizonica, Merriam, iv. 800, 801 atlantica, Lindley and Gordon, iii. 469 baborensis, Letourneux, iv. 737 balsamea, Miller, iv. 803; i. 96; iv. 716, 807 distribution, iv. 804 in England, iv. 805 in Norway, iv. 805 in Scotland, iv. 805 remarkable trees, iv. 805 resin, iv. 805 timber, iv. 805 var. Hudsonia, iv. 804 macrocarpa, iv. 804 balsamifera, Michaux, iv. 803 bicolor, Maximowicz, vi. 1372, 1373 bifida, Siebold and Zuccarini, iv. 762 bifolÎQ) Murray, iv, 800 VIII 1943 Abies—continued „ brachyphylla, Maximowicz, iv. 765, 715, 717. 764, 768 „ „ cultivation, iv. 767 „ distribution, iv. 766 „ „ identification, iv. 766 „ bracteata, Nuttall, iv. 796 ; i. 83; iv. 713 note i, 715, 716 „ „ cultivation, iv. 798 „ „ distribution and history, iv. 797 „ „ Eastnor Castle, tree at, iv. 798, PI. 224 „ „ remarkable trees, iv. 798 „ Brunoniana, Lindley, ii. 244 „ canadensis, Michaux, ii. 239 „ „ Miller, vi. 1380 „ carftatica, Lawson, vi. 1337 „ Cedrus, Poiret, iii. 453 „ cephalonica, Loudon, iv. 739, 713 note 3, 715, 732 „ „ Barton, tree at, iv. 742, PL 214 Blairadam, trees at, iv. 743 cultivation, iv. 741 distribution, iv. 740 in England, iv. 742 in Ireland, iv. 743 in Scotland, iv. 742 remarkable trees, iv. 742 var. Apollinis, iv. 740, 715, 741 and note 6, 743 chinerais, Franchet, ii. 229 note i cilicica, Carrière, iv. 744, 716 note i, 717 note 3, 718 „ cultivation, iv. 745 „ distribution, iv. 744 cœrulea, Forbes, vi. 1382 comtnutata, Murray, vi. 1387 concolor, Lindley attd Gordon, iv. 777i 7*9» 745. 779. 801 cultivation, iv. 778 history and distribution, iv. 778 var. aurea, iv. 778 brevifolia, iv. 778 falcata, iv. 777 glabosa, iv. 777 lasiocarpa, iv. 779 Lowiana, iv. 779 C 1944 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Abies—continued „ concolor, Sargent, iv. 779 curvifolia, Salisbury, vl 1380 Davidiana, Franchet, vi. 1475 Delavayi, Franchet, iv. 719 densa, Griffith, iv. 751 note, 752 denticulata, Michaux, vi. 1375 Deodar a, Lindley, iii. 476 di-versifolia, Maximowicz, ii. 247 Douglasii, Lindley, iv. 814 „ var. macrocarpa, iv. 812 dumosa, Loudon, ii. 244 Eichleri, Lauche, iv. 768, 769 Engelmanni, Parry, vi. 1387 „ var. glauca, vi. 1390 note 3 „ pseudopungens, vi. 1387 note excelsa, De Candolle, vi. 1337 var. alpestris, vi. 1360 Clanbrassiliana, vi. 1343 Cranstonii, vi. 1342 invert a, vL 1340 medioxima, vi. 1360 monstrosa, vi. 1342 pendula, vi. 1340 virgata, vi. 1342 Fargesii, Franchet, iv. 719 firma, Siebold and Zuccarini, iv. 762, 715, 716, 765, 768 „ distribution, iv. 763 „ Narai (Japan), tree at, iv. 763, PL 216 „ remarkable trees, iv. 764 Fortunei, Murray, vi. 1474 Fraseri, Poiret, iv. 8o6, 716 „ distribution, iv. 807 „ history and cultivation, iv. 807 „ identification, iv. 806 Glehniî, Schmidt, vi. 1369 Gmelini, Ruprecht, ii. 379 Gordoniana, Carrière, iv. 773 gracilis, Komarov, iv. 759 grandis, Lindley, iv. 773; i. 96; ii. 236, 398; iv. 715, 716, 778, 779, 780 note i, 789 note „ distribution, iv. 774 „ Eastnor Castle, tree at, iv. 775, PL 217 „ identification, iv. 773 in England, iv. 775 „ in Germany, North-western, iv. 776 „ in Ireland, iv. 776 „ in Scotland, iv. 775 „ in Vancouver Island, iv. 774, PL 218 „ remarkable trees, iv. 774 „ var. Lmviana, iv. 779 grandis, Murray, iv. 782 Griffithiana, Lindley and Gordon, ii. 388 heterophylla, Rafinesque, ii. 234 hirtella, Lindley, iv. 808 holophylla, Maximowicz, iv. 763 homolepis, Mayr, iv. 765 homolepis, Siebold and Zuccarini, iv. 764, 716, 765 note 3, 766 Hookeriana, Murray, ii. 229, 230 Abies—continued „ Hudsonia, Bosc, iv. 804 „ insignis, Carrière, iv. 733 „ japonica, iv. 770 „ jezoensis, Lindley, vi. 1474 „ Siebold and Zuccarini, i. 85 „ Kaempferi, Lindley (Larix leptolepis), ii. 384 „ „ „ (Pseudolarix Fortunei), vi. 1477 and note 2 „ kamtschatika, Ruprecht, ii. 346 „ Khutrow, Loudon, vi. 1366 „ Larix, Poiret, ii. 349 „ lasiocarpa, Masters, iv. 779 „ lasiocarpa, Nuttall, iv. 800 ; ii. 398 ; iv. 716 note 2, 719, 759, 783; vi. 1389 „ „ distribution, iv. 801 „ „ history and cultivation, iv. 802 „ „ identification, iv. 801 „ „ Montana, tree in, iv. 802, PL 225 „ „ var. arizonica, iv. 8oi „ /axa, Koch, vi. 1380 „ Ledebourii, Ruprecht, ii. 374 „ leptolepis, Lindley, ii. 385 note „ „ Siebold and Zuccarini, ii. 384 „ Lowiana, A. Murray, iv. 779, 716, 777 note i, 778, 794 „ „ distribution, iv. 780 „ „ history and cultivation, iv. 780 „ „ identification, iv. 779 „ „ Linton Park, tree at, iv. 781, PL 219 „ „ remarkable trees, iv. 781 „ macrocarpa, Vasey, iv. 812 ,, magnifica, A. Murray, iv. 792, 715, 718, 780, 781, 787 „ „ Bayfordbury, tree at, iv. 794, PL 222 „ „ Bonskeid, tree at, iv. 795, PL 223 „ „ distribution, iv. 793 „ „ identification, iv. 793 „ „ introduction, iv. 794 „ „ remarkable trees, iv. 794 „ „ var. shastensis, iv. 793 „ „ xanthocarpa, iv. 793 „ Mariana, Miller, vi. 1375 „ Mariesii, Masters, iv. 771, 715, 717, 761 note 2, 770 „ „ cultivation, iv. 772 „ „ distribution and history, iv. 772 „ „ identification, iv. 772 Mariesii, Masters, iv. 750, 754 note marocana, Trabut, iv. 738 Maximowiczii, Neumann, vi. 1374 medioxima, Lawson, vi. 1360 Menziesii, Engelmann, vi. 1389 „ var. Parryana, vi. 1389 Menziesii, Lindley, i. 92, 94 Mertensiana, Gordon, ii. 234 microcarpa, Poiret, ii. 392 microsperma, Lindley, i. 87 Momi, Siebold, iv. 762 Abies—continued „ Morinda, Lindley, vi. 1392 „ „ Nelson (Senilis), vi. 1366 „ mucronata, Rafinesque, iv. 814 „ nephrolepis, Maximowicz, iv. 769, 759 „ nigra, Du Roi, vi. 1375 „ nobilis, Lindley, iv. 786; ii. 397 note; iv. 715, 7i8, 774, 780, 784 note, 792> 793, 795 note 3 „ „ Cascade Mountains, trees in, iv. 7 PL 221 cultivation, iv. 788 distribution, iv. 787 history, iv. 788 in England, iv. 789 in Ireland, iv. 791 in Scotland, iv. 790 remarkable trees, iv. 789 var. magnifica (Kellogg), iv. 792 „ (Masters), iv. 793 robusta, iv. 793, 794 Nordmanniana, Spach, iv. 746, 713 note 3, 7i7, 732, 733, 77°: 785 cultivation, iv. 748 distribution, iv. 747 hybrids, iv. 733 remarkable trees, iv. 749 varieties, iv. 746 var. equi-Trojani, iv. 747 speciosa, iv. 733 niunidica, De Lannoy, iv. 737, 716 note 717 note 2, 718, 724 „ distribution, iv. 738 „ history and cultivation, iv. 738 „ identification, iv. 738 obovata., Don, vi. 1359 „ Loudon, var.japonita, vi. 1374 orientalis, Poiret, vi. 1362 panachaica, Heldreich, iv. 739, 740 Pattoniana, Balfour, ii. 229, 230 pectinata, De Candolle, iv. 720, 713 note 3, 7l6, 733, 748 note 2, note 2 „ Ardkinglas, trees at, iv. 729 „ bark, iv. 726 „ Cowdray Park, tree at, iv. 727, PL 208 „ cultivation, iv. 726 „ „ Mr. Crozier's experi ence, iv. 727 „ distribution, iv. 722 in Corsica, iv. 724 in England, iv. 726-729 in France, iv. 723 in Germany, iv. 724 in Ireland, iv. 727, 730 in Italy, iv. 724 in Scotland, iv. 727 note 2, 729 in Silesia and Bohemia, immense size, iv. 724 in Switzerland, iv. 724 Inveraray Castle, trees near, iv. 729 Index iv. te, '' 3. 82, î 3, 99 27, ;ri- 9 ise iv. Abies ,, » " 11 1Î 11 11 11 I» 11 11 Ï1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1) 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 It Ï» 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 pectinata, De Candolle—continued „ Jsegersborg, plantation in the Royal Park, iv. 725 „ Longleat, trees at, iv. 728, PI. 209. See Errata, 1940 „ mistletoe on, iv. 726 „ remarkable trees, iv. 727 „ Roseneath, champion tree at, iv. 729, PL 210 „ seedling, iv. 721 „ timber, iv. 731 „ Tullymore Park, tree at, iv. 730, PL 211 „ varieties, iv. 721 „ van brevifolia, iv. 722 „ columnaris, iv. 722 „ pendula, iv. 722 ,, pyramidalis, iv. 722 „ tortuosa, iv. 722 „ virgata, iv. 722; vi. 1342 note i pendula, Poiret, ii. 379 Picea, Lindley, iv. 720 „ Miller, vi. 1337 Pichta, Forbes, iv. 758 Pindrow, Spach, iv. 755, 715, 719, 751 „ distribution, iv. 756 „ identification, iv. 755 „ remarkable trees, iv. 757 „ var. intermedia, iv. 756 Pinsapo, Boissier, iv. 732; i. 96; iv. 715, 741 „ cultivation, iv. 735 „ distribution, iv. 733 ,, dwarf form, iv. 735 and note 3 „ history, iv. 735 „ hybrids, iv. 732 „ „ Moser's, iv. 733 „ in Andalusia, iv. 734, PL 212 „ Longleat, tree at, iv. 736, PL 213 „ remarkable trees, iv. 735 „ var. baborensis, iv. 737 „ Hammondi, iv. 735 note 3 polita, Siebold and Zuccarini, vi. 1370 recurvata, Masters, iv. 719 Reginœ AmaKœ, Heldreich, iv. 739, 740, 741 religiosa, Hooker and Arnott, iiL 688 religiosa, Schlechtendal, iv. 8o8, 717; v. 1183 „ distribution, iv. 808 „ Fota, tree at, iv. 810, PL 226 „ remarkable trees, iv. 809 r libra, Poiret, vi. 1377 „ var. cœrulea, vi. 1382 sachalinensis, Masters, iv. 760 ; i. 86, 87 ; iv. 7i8, 759, 770, 801 note 2 „ distribution and cultivation, iv. 761 „ varieties, iv. 760 „ var. nemorensis, iv. 760, 770 note 3 sacra, Franchet, vi. 1475 Schrenkiana, Lindley and Gordon, vi. 1364 1946 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Abies—continued „ selinusia, Carrière, iv. 744 „ Semenovii, Fedtschenko, iv. 758 „ shastensis, Lcmmon, iv. 792, 793 „ sibirica, Ledebour, iv. 75^» 718, 761, 801 note 2 „ „ distribution and cultivation, iv. 759 „ sitchensis, Lindley and Gordon, i. 92 „ Smithiana, Hooker, vi. 1392 „ „ Lindley, vi. 1366 „ spectabilis, Spach, iv. 750 „ spinulosa, Griffith, vi. 1392 „ squamata, Masters, iv. 719 „ subalpina, Engelraann, iv. 783, 800 „ taxifolia, Poiret, iv. 814 „ Torano, Siebold, vi. 1370 „ Tschonoskiana, Regel, iv. 764 „ Tsuga, Siebold and Zuccarini, ii. 246 „ „ van nana, ii. 248 „ umbellata, Mayr, iv. 768, 717 note i „ umbilicata, Beissner, iv. 768 „ Veitchii, Lindley, iv. 768 ; i. 90 ; iv. 717, 760, 765 note 2 cultivation, iv. 771 distribution and history, iv. 770 identification, iv. 770 trees associated with, iv. 770 var. Nikkoensis, iv. 769 sachalinensis, iv. 760 typica, iv. 769 „ venusta, Koch, iv. 796 „ Vilmorini, Masters, iv. 732 „ vulgaris, Poiret, iv. 720 „ Webbiana, Lindley, iv. 750, 715, 716, 755, 756, 766, 771 and note z ; vi. 1394 cultivation, iv. 753 distribution, iv. 752 history, iv. 753 remarkable trees, iv. 753 Sikkim, trees in, iv. 752, PI. 215 varieties, iv. 751 var. brevifolia, iv. 75* and note Pindrow, iv. 755 „ Williamsmii, Newberry, ii. 229 „ yezoensis, i. 87 „ yunnanensis, Franchet, ii. 229 note 2 ABIETIA, Kent, iv. 811 Abietia Douglas», Kent, iv. 814 „ „ var. macrocarpa, iv. 812 „ Fortunei, Kent, vL 1474 ACACIA, Adanson, vii. 1697 Acacia, False, vi. 1497- See Robinia Pseudacacia „ Rose, vi. 1508. See Robinia hispida Acacia arcuata, Sieber, vii. 1699 „ brevipes, Cunningham, vii. 1699 „ dealbata, Link, vii. 1697 „ „ Derreen,tree at, vii. 1698, PI. 376 „ decurrens, Willdenow, vii. 1698 „ j, var. dealbata, vii. 1697 „ „ mollis, vii. 1698 note i „ irrorata, Sieber, vii. 1697 „ latifolia, Desfontaines, vii. 1699 „ melanoxylon, R. Brown, vii. 1699 Acacia—continued „ seyal, Delile, \. 1157 note 6 ACANTHOPANAX, Miquel, vii. 1694 Acanthopanax acerifolium, Schelle, vii. 1694 „ ricinifolium, Seemann, vii. 1694 „ „ timber, vii. 1696 „ „ var. Maximowiczii, vii. 1695 ACER, Linnasus, iii. 630. See also Maple „ synopsis of species in cultivation, iii. 631 Acer argutum, Maxinunvicz, iii. 638 „ barbatum, Michaux, iii. 677, 678 „ „ var. nigrum, iii. 678 „ Üornmülleri, Borbas, iii. 652 „ californicum, Dietrich, iii. 684 „ campestre, Linnœus, iii. 651, 638 „ „ distribution, etc. See Maple, Com mon „ „ var. collinum, iii. 652 „ ,, hebecarpuni, iii. 652 „ „ „ aeutilobum, iii. 652 „ „ „ lobatum, iii. 652 „ „ „ subtrilobum, iii. 652 „ „ leiocarpum, iii. 652 „ „ „ austriacum, iii. 652 „ „ „ normale, iii. 652 „ „ „ pseudoinarsicuni, iii. 652 „ „ pulveruleiitum, iii. 652 „ „ variegatum, iii. 652 „ capillipes, Maximowicz, iii. 633 „ carpinifolium, Siebold and Zuccarini, iii. 631 ; iv. 953 „ circinatum, furs A, iii. 639 leaves, iii. 639, PI. 205, Fig. 5 „ cissifolium, Koch, iii. 640 „ coccineum, Michaux f., iii. 671 „ colchicum, Booth, iii. 660 „ coriaceum, 'Tausch, iii. 634 „ cratœgifolium, Siebold and Zuccarini, iii. 633, 632 „ „ var. Veitchii, iii. 633 „ creticum, Linnœus, iii. 632 „ „ leaves, iii. 632, PI. 207, Fig. 32 „ cultratum, Wallich, iii. 660, 661 „ dasycarpum, Ehrhart, iii. 674, 636, 672 „ „ distribution, etc. See Maple, Silver „ „ var. laciniatum, iii. 675 „ „ tripartitum, iii. 675 „ Davidi, Franchet, iii. 632 „ diabolicum, Blume, iii. 638 „ » leaves, iii. 638, PI. 207, Fig. 26 „ Dieckii, Pax, iii. 637, 657 „ leaves, iii. 637, PI. 207, Fig. 30 „ distylum, Siebold and Zuccarini, iii. 631 „ JDrummondii, Hooker and Arnott, iii. 671 „ eriocarpum, Michaux, iii. 674 „ Fargesii, Rehder, iii. 632 floridanum, Pax, iii. 678 Francheti, Pax, iii. 638 note 2 ginnala, Maximowicz, iii. 633 „ var. Semenovii, iii. 633 glabrum, Torrey, iii. 634 Acer—continued „ grandidentatuni, Nuttall, iii. 635 » ,i leaves, iii. 635, PI. 205, Fig. 4 „ griseum, Pax, iii. 641 „ Heldreiçhii, Orphanides, iii. 636 „ „ leaves, iii. 636, PI. 206, Fig. „ Henryi, Pax, iii. 640 „ hispanicum, Pourret, iii. 663 „ hybridum, Spach, iii. 634 „ hyrcanum, Fischer et Meyer, iii. 635 „ „ leaves, iiL 636, PI. 207, Fig. 22 „ insigne, Boissieret Buhse, iii. 667i 636, 668, 669 leaves, iii. 636, 667, PI. 206, Fig. 18 var. glabrescens, iii. 667, 668 longiloba, iii. 667 note 2 obtusiloba, iii. 667 note 2 typica, iii. 667 note 2 Van Volxemi, iii. 668 velutina, iii. 667 Weiß, iii. 669 „ insigne, Nicholson, iii. 669 „ italum, Lauth, iii. 663 „ japonicum, Thunberg, iiL 639 „ „ var., leaves, iii. 640, PI. 207, Fig. 29 „ lœtum, C. A. Meyer, iiL 660, 661 „ lœuigatum, Wallich, var. Fargesii, iii. 632 „ leucoderme, Small, iii. 678 „ Lobelii, Tenore, iii. 659, 637 „ „ leaves, iii. 637, 660, PI. 205, Fig. 8 „ Lorbergi, Van Houtte, iii. 656 „ maerophyllum, Pursh, iii. 68l, 638 „ „ distribution, etc. See Maple, Oregon „ mandshuricum, Maximowicz, iii. 640 note „ Martini, Jordan, iii. 663 „ Mayri, von Schwerin, iii. 660, 662 „ Miyabei, Maxinwwicz, iii. 638 „ Mono, Maximowicz, iii. 660, 662 „ monspessulanum, Linnaus, iiL 665, 632, 634, 652 „ „ distribution, etc. See M Montpellier „ „ var. rumelicum, iii. 666 „ neapolitanum, Tenore, iii. 664 „ neglectum, Lange, iii. 637, 652 leaves, iii. 637, PI. 205, Fig. 7 „ Negundo, Linnœus, iii. 684, 640, 673 „ „ distribution, etc. See Maple, Ash- leaved „ „ var. auratum, iii. 685 „ „ aureo-maculatum, iii. 685 „ „ aureo-marginatum, iiL 685 „ „ californicum, iii. 684,640,685 „ leaves, iii. 640, 685, PI. 205, Fig. i „ „ crispum, iii. 685 „ „ variegatum, iii. 685 „ violaceum, iii. 685 „ nigrum, Michaux f., iii. 678 „ nikoense, Maximowicz, iii. 641 „ oblongum, Wallich, iii. 631 „ oblusatum, Kitaibel, iii. 663 Oliverianum, Pax, iii. 638 Index g- 4 i? 22 568, .18 '. 29 g- 8 pic, e >34, pie, 7 \.sh- 5 685 >85, i Acer- " 11 11 JJ 11 1) 11 II „ 11 11 JJ 11 11 JJ 11 11 11 JJ 11 11 11 JJ 11 }} 11 II 11 11 11 11 11 II 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1) 11 11 11 11 11 —continued Opalus, Miller, iii. 663» 635, 666 „ distribution, etc See Maple, Italian „ var. neapolitanum, iii. 664, 635 leaves, iii. 635, PI. 206, Fig. 15 „ obtusatum,iii.663,634,664,666 „ „ leaves, iii. 634, 663, PI. 206, Fig. 16 opulifolium, Villar, iiL 663 palmatum, Thunberg, iii. 639, 638 pennsylvanicum, Linnœus, iii. 633 „ leaves, iiL 633, PI. 206, Fig. 13 Peronai, von Schwerin, iii. 666 pictum, Thunberg, iii. 660, 637 „ distribution, iii. 662 „ leaves, iii. 637, 660, PI. 205, Fig. 9 „ var. colchicum, iii. 66l, 637, 652, 657 „ rubrum, iii. 661, 662 cultratum, iii. 661 eu-pictum, iii. 661 Mayri, iii. 662 Mono, iii. 662 tomentosulum, iii. 66l tricaudatum, iii. 661 platanoides, Linnœus, iii. 656, 637, 662, 670 and note 2 „ distribution, etc. See Maple, Norway „ var. albo-variegatum, iii. 657 „ aureo-marginatum, iiL 657 „ aureo-variegatum, iii. 657 note 5 „ columnare, iii. 657 „ cucullatum, iii. 657 „ dissectum, iii. 656 „ leaves, iii. 656, PI. 206, Fig. 2i „ globosura, iii. 657 „ heterophyllum, iii. 657 „ integrilobum, iii. 637 note 2 „ laciniatum, iii. 656 „ leaves, iii. 656, PI. 205, Fig. lo „ Lobelii, iii. 659, 660 „ maculatum, iii. 657 „ palmatum, iii. 656 „ Reitenbachii, iii. 657 „ rubrum, iii. 657 „ Schwedleri, iii. 657 Pseudoplatanus, Linnaus, iii. 641, 634, 636 „ distribution, etc. See Sycamore var. albo-variegatum, iii. 643 atropurpureum, iii. 644 aucubœfolium, iii. 644 clausum, iiL 643 corstorphinense, iii. 643 crispum, iii. 643 crucial urn, iii. 643 cupreum, iiL 643 erythrocarpum, iii. 643 euchlorum, iii. 643 flava-variegata, iii. 643 1948 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Acer Pseudoplatanus, Linnœus—continued „ „ var. flavo-variegatum, iii. 644 „ „ Handjeryi, iii. 644 „ „ jaspideum, iii. 643 „ „ Leopold!, iii. 644 „ „ longifolium, iii. 643 note 3 „ „ metallicum, iii. 643 „ „ Nizeti, iii. 644 „ „ palmatifidum, iii. 643 i, ,, purpureo - variegatum, iii. 644 ,, „ purpureum, iii. 644 ,, „ pyramidale, iii. 643 Rafinesquianum, iii. 643 splendens, iii. 643 ternatum, iii. 643 variegatum, iii. 644 villosum, iii. 642 vitifolium, iii. 643 Webbianum, iii. 644 Worlei, iii. 644 rectangulum, Dulac, iii. 665 rotundifolium, Lamarck, iii. 663 rotundilobum, von Schwerin, iii. 634, 666 rubruni, Linnieus, iii. 671, 635 „ distribution, etc See Maple, Red „ var. Drummondii, iii. 671 globosum, iii. 673 „ sanguineum, iii. 672 „ tridens, iii. 672 rufinerve, Siebold and Zuccarini, iii. 633 Rugelii, Pax, iii. 678 saccharinum, Linnseus, iii. 674 „ Wangenheim, iii. 677 and note saccharum, Marshall, iii. 677, 635, 674 note „ distribution, etc. See Maple, Sugar „ van floridanum, iii. 679 „ leucoderme, iii. 679 „ monumentale, iii. 678 „ nigrum, iii. 678, 677, 679 „ Rugelii, iii. 678, 679 sanguineum, Sp.ich, iii. 671 Sieboldianum, Miquel, iii. 640 spicatum, Lamarck, iii. 633 sutchuense, Franchet, iii. 640 note tataricuin, Linnteus, iii. 631 „ leaves, iii. 631, PI. 207, Fig. 33 tetramerum, Pax, iii. 635 Trautvetteri, Medwedjeff, iii. 669, 636, 668 „ leaves, iii. 636, 670, PL 206, Fig. 19 „ trifidum, Hooker et Arnott, iii. 632 „ trifolium, Duhamel, iii. 665 „ trilobatum, Lamarck, iii. 665 „ trilobum, Moench, iii. 665 „ trinerve, Dippel, iii. 632 „ truncatum, Bunge, iii. 637 „ „ leaves, iii. 637, PL 205, Fig. 6 „ Van Volxemi, Masters, iii. 668 „ villosum, Wallich, iii. 639 „ Volxemi, Masters, iii. 668, 636 „ „ variety, iiL 669 ^Kcidium cedri, etc. See Fungi .^SCULUS, Linnœus, ii. 206 „ key to species, ii. 209 „ section CALOTHYRSUS, ii. 208 „ „ HlPPOCASTANUM, Ü. 200 „ „ MACROTHYRSUS, ii. 208 „ „ PAVIA, ii. 207 arguta, Buckley, ii. 223 austrina, Small, ii. 208 balgiana, André, ii. 218 californica, Nuttall, ii. 22Ö, 208, 209 „ branchlets and buds, ii. 209, 226, PI. 62, Fig. 5 „ leaves, etc., ii. 209, 226, PL 61, Fig. 5 carnea, Hayne, ii. 217, 207, 208, 209 „ branchlets and buds, ii. 209, 217, PL 62, Fig. 2 „ history, ii. 218 „ identification, ii. 217 „ leaves, etc, ii. 209, 217, PI. 61, Fig. 4 „ var. alba, ii. 218 „ aureo-maculata, ii. 218 ,, aureo-marginata, ii. 218 „ Briolii, ii. 2l8 „ pendula, ii. 2l8 chinensis, Bunge, ii. 207 chinensis, Masters, ii. 221 discolor, Pursh, ii. 224 flava, Aiton, ii. 224 glabra, Willdenow, ii. 223, 207, 209 „ branchlets and buds, ii. 223, I'l. 62, Fig. 3 „ leaves, etc, ii. 209, 223, PL 61, Fig. 9 „ var. Buckleyi, ii. 223 Hippocastanum, Linnœus, ii. 210, 207, 209 „ distribution, etc. See Horse- Chestnut, Common „ var. asplenifolia, ii. 212 „ aureo-variegata, ii. 212 „ crispa, ii. 212 „ flore pleno, ii. 211 „ incisa, ii. 212 „ laciniata, ii. 212 „ Memmingeri, ii. 212 „ pyramidalis, ii. 212 „ tortuosa, ii. 212 „ umbraculifera, ii. 212 Hippocastanum x A. Pavia, Koch, ii. 217 hybrids, ii. 208 indica, Colebrooke, ii. 219, 207, 209, 212 „ Barton, tree at, ii. 220, PL 65 „ branchlets and buds, ii. 209, 219, PL 62, Fig. 6 „ cultivation, ii. 220 „ distribution, ii. 219 „ identification, ii. 219 „ leaves, etc., ii. 209, 219, PL 61, Fig. 2 intermedia, André, ii. 218 hitea, Wangenheim, iL 224 Lyoni, Hort., ii. 225 Index 1949 ^Esculus—continued „ macrostachya, Michaux, ii. 208 „ neglecta, Lindley, ii. 224 „ octandra, Marshall, ii. 224, 207, 209, 223 „ „ branchlets and buds, ii. 224, PL 62, Fig. 4 „ „ cultivation, ii. 225 ,, ,, distribution, ii. 225 „ „ identification, ii. 224 „ „ leaves, etc., ii. 209, 224, PI. 61, Fig. 6 „ „ var. hybrida, ii. 224 „ „ purpurascens, ii. 224 „ pallida, Willdenow, ii. 223 „ Parryi, A. Gray, ii. 208 „ parviflora, Walter, ii. 208, 209 „ „ leaves, etc., ii. 208, 209, PL 61, Fig. 7 ,, Pavia, Linnœus, ii. 207, 209, 218, 225 „ „ leaves, etc, ii. 207, 209, PL 61, Fig. 8 „ „ var. discolor, ii. 208 „ plantierensis, André, ii. 2l8, 209 „ punduana, Wallich, ii. 207 „ rubicunda, Loiseleur, ii. 217 „ turbinata, Blume, ii. 221, 207, 209, 211 „ „ distribution, ii. 221 ., „ identification, ii. 221 „ „ in Japan, ii. 222, PL 66 ,, „ leaves, etc., ii. 209, 221, PL 61, Fig. 3 „ „ timber, ii. 222 „ versicolor, Dippel, ii. 224, 207, 209 „ Whitleyi, Hort., ii. 225 Aethnen tree, vii. 1789 Agaricus melleus. See Fungi ACATHISANTHES, Blume, iii. 508 AILANTHUS, Desfontaines, i. 29 Aifanthusflavescens, Carrière, i. 31 ; ii. 433, 434 „ glandulosa, Desfontaines, i. 30, 29 ; vii. 1933 and note 4 „ „ Belton Park, tree at, i. 35, PL 14 „ „ branchlets and buds, i. 31 ; ii. PL 126, Fig. 3 „ „ Broom House, tree at, i. 35, PL 13 „ „ cultivation, i. 33 ,, „ distribution, i. 31 „ „ identification, i. 31 „ „ introduction, i. 32 „ „ leaves, i. 30, PL 15, Fig. B „ „ old tree at Cambridge, vii. 1933 note 4 „ „ remarkable trees, i. 35 seedling, i. 30, PL 15, Fig. A „ „ var. aucubcefolia, i. 31 „ „ flavescens, i. 31 pendula, i. 31 ,, fendulifolia, i. 31 „ „ rubra,\.T,i „ spinosa, i. 29 note 2 „ grandis, Prain, i. 29 malabarica, i. 32 Ailanthus—continued „ moluccana, i. 33 „ "Tree of Heaven," i. 33 „ Vilmoriniana, Dode, i. 29 Aka-eso tree, vi. 1370 Aka-matsu tree, v. 1126 Akfadou, Forest of, v. 1319 Ak Illeden tree, iv. 745 Alain tree, vii. 1814 note 7 Alcornoque tree, v. 1295 Alder, Caucasian, iv. 951. See Alnus subcordata „ Common, iv. 937- •^ee a^so Alnus glutinosa „ culture, iv. 941 „ „ distribution, iv. 940 „ etymology, iv. 940 „ „ hybrids, iv. 939940, 949 i vii- 1852 note 2 „ „ in England, iv. 942 „ „ in Ireland, iv. 943 „ „ in Scotland, iv. 943 „ „ Kilmacurragh, trees at, iv. 943, PL 253 „ leaves, iv. 937, PL 268, Fig. 6 „ „ Lilford, trees at, iv. 942, PL 252 propagation, iv. 941 „ „ remarkable trees, iv. 942 „ „ timber, iv. 943 „ „ „ clog soles from, iv. 944 „ „ varieties, iv. 938 „ Cut-leaved, iv. 939 „ Grey, iv. 945. See also Alnus incana „ „ cultivation, iv. 948 „ „ distribution, iv. 946 „ „ hybrid, vii. 1852 note 2 „ leaves, iv. 945, PL 268, Fig. i „ Himalayan, iv. 954. See Alnus nitida „ Italian, iv. 949. See also Alnus cordata „ „ distribution, restricted, iv. 950 „ „ hybrid, iv. 949 leaves, iv. 949, PL 268, Fig. 4 „ „ Tottenham House, tree at, iv. 950, PL 254 „ Japanese, iv. 953. See Alnus japonica „ Oregon, iv. 956. See Alnus rubra Aleppo galls, v. 1326 Alerce tree (Fitzroya patagonica), vi. 1455 „ „ (Larch and Cedar), vi. 1455 note 2 „ „ (Libocedrus tetragona), iii. 486 and note i Alisier de Fontainebleau, i. 156 note 2 ALNASTER, Spach, iv. 935 ALNOBETULA, Schur, iv. 935 ALNUS, Linnseus, iv. 935. See also Alder „ key to species, iv. 935 Alnus Alnobetula, Hartig, iv. 936 note i barbata, C. A. Meyer, iv. 937, 938 communis, Desfontaines, iv. 937 cordata, Desfontaines, iv. 949, 936 „ distribution, etc. See Alder, Italian cordifolia, Tenore, iv. 949 „ var. subcordata, iv. 951 denticulata, C. A. Meyer, iv. 939 note i elliptica, Requien, iv. 949, 936 195° The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Alnus—continued „ firma, Siebold and Zuecarini, iv. 952, 935 „ „ leaves, iv. 952, PL 268, Fig. 2 „ „ van multinervis, iv. 952, 953 „ „ Sieboldiana, iv. 953 yasha, iv. 953 „ glauca, Michaux f., iv. 945 „ glutinosa, Gaertner, iv. 937, 945, 949 „ „ distribution, etc. See Alder, Common „ „ var. aurea, iv. 939 „ „ barbata, iv. 938, 937 „ „ denticulata, iv. 939 „ „ imperialis, iv. 939 „ „ „ leaves, iv. 939, PI. 268, Fig. 8 incisa, iv. 939, 946 „ „ „ leaves,iv. 939, PI. 268, Fig. ID „ „ japonica, iv. 940, note 2 „ „ laciniata, iv. 939 „ „ leaves, iv. 939, PI. 268, Fig. 7 „ „ maculata, iv. 939 „ „ oxyacanthœfolia, iv. 939 pyramidalis, iv. 939 „ quercifolia, iv. 939 „ „ rubrinervia, iv. 939 „ „ sorbifolia, iv. 939 „ glutinosa x A. incana, iv. 939 note 2 „ „ x A. serrulata, iv. 940 „ hirsuta, Turczaninow, iv. 946 „ imperialis, Desfossé-Thuillier, iv. 939 „ incana, Moench, iv. 945, 936, 939, 956 „ „ distribution, etc. See Alder, Grey „ „ var. acuminata, iv. 946 „ leaves, iv. 946, PI. 268, Fig. 9 argentata, iv. 946 „ „ aurea, iv. 946 „ „ glauca, iv. 946 „ „ glauca (Regel in part), iv. 957 „ „ „ (Shirasawa), iv. 946 and note 4 ,, „ hirsuta, iv. 946 note 3, 947 note „ „ monstrosa, iv. 946 „ „ orbicularis, iv. 946 „ „ parvifolia, iv. 946 „ „ pinnatifida, iv. 946 „ „ ruera, iv. 956 „ „ virescens, iv. 957 „ japonica, Siebold and Zuecarini, iv. 953, 936, 947 „ „ leaves, iv. 953, PI. 268, Fig. 12 „ languinosa, Gilibert, iv. 945 „ maritima, Nuttall, iv. 955, 936, 953 and note, 954 „ „ leaves, iv. 955, PI. 268, Fig. n „ „ var. formosana, iv. 953 „ japonica, iv. 953 „ multinervis, Gallier, iv. 952 » nigra, Gilibert, iv. 937 „ nitida, Endlicher, iv. 954, 936 leaves, iv. 954, PL 268, Fig. 3 Al nus—continued „ oblongata, Regel, iv. 955 „ oblongifolia, Watson, iv. 958 „ occidentalis, Dippel, iv. 957 „ oregona, Nuttall, iv. 956 „ orientalis, Decaisne, iv. 952 „ pendula, Matsumura, iv. 952 „ rhombifolia, Nuttall, iv. 958, 936 „ „ leaves, iv. 958, PL 268, Fig. 13 „ rubra, Bongard, iv. 956, 936 „ „ leaves, iv. 956, PL 268, Fig. 16 „ serrulata, Willdenow, iv. 935, 94° „ serrulatoides, Gallier. See Errata, 1941 „ Sieboldiana, Matsumura, iv. 952, 953 „ silesiaca, Fiek, iv. 940 note i „ spuria, Gallier, iv. 939 note 2 „ subcordata, C. A. Meyer, iv. 95I| 937, 949 „ „ leaves, iv. 951, PL 268, Fig. 5 „ tenuifolia, Nuttall, iv. 957, 937 „ „ var. occidentalis, iv. 957, 958 » » » leaves, iv. 957, PL 268, Fig. 14 „ virescens, iv, 957 „ „ „ leaves, iv. 957, PL 268, Fig. 15 „ tinctoria, Sargent, iv. 947, 936 note 2, 946 „ viridis, De Candolle, iv. 936; v. 1132 „ vulgaris, Persoon, iv. 937 „ yasJia, Matsumura, iv. 952, 953 Altingia excelsa, Noronha, iii. 505 note 2 Andys tree, vi. 1418 Anisopteryx asscularia. See Insects Antheraea cytherea. See Insects Aomori-todo-matsu tree, iv. 772 Apple, Common, vL 1570. See Pyrus Malus APTEROCARYON, Opiz, iv. 959 AQUIFOLIUM, Haller, vii. 1702 'Arabim trees, vii. 1771 Aralia Maxiniowiczii, Van Houtte, vii. 1695 ARAUCARIA, Jussieu, i. 43 Auracaria araucana, C. Koch, i. 44; Errata, 1936 „ Bidwilli, i. 43 and note i „ Chilean. See Araucaria imbricata „ chilensis, Mirbel, i. 44 „ Cookii, i. 43 „ Cunninghami, i. 43 and note 2, 131 „ Dombeyi, A. Richard, L 44 „ excelsa, i. 43 „ imbricata, Pa-oon, i. 44, 43 „ „ Beauport, trees at, i. 51, PL 20 „ „ cultivation and soil, i. 53 „ „ distribution, i. 45 „ „ Dropmore, tree at, i. 51, PL 19 „ „ in Chile, i. 49, Plates 17 and 18 ii ,i in England, LSI „ „ in Ireland, L 53 „ ,. in Scotland, i. 52 „ „ remarkable trees, i. 51 „ resin, i. 46 „ „ root-suckers, i. 52 ; iii. 495 „ „ seedlings, i. 45, PL 15 F; 51, PI. 15 E Araucaria imbricata, Pavon—continued „ „ timber, i. 54 » „ uses, i. 54 Arbor Vitœ, Chinese, i. 197. See Thuya orientalis „ „ New Zealand, iii. 488 „ „ Western, i. 191. See Thuya occi dentalis ARBUTUS, Linnaeus, iii. 558 „ key to species, iii. 558 Arbutus Andrachne, Linnœus, iii. 564, 559, 563 „ „ distribution, iii. 565 „ andrachnoides, Link, iii. 563 „ arizonica, Sargent, iii. 558 note „ canariensis, Lamarck, iii. 558 note. See Errata, 1939 „ hybrida, Ker-Gawler, iii. 563, 559 „ „ Sedbury Park, tree at, iii. 564, PL 158 „ „ var. Milleri, iii. 564 „ integnfolia, Salisbury, iii. 564 „ intermedia, Heldreich, iii. 563 „ laurifolia, Hooker, iii. 565 „ Menziesii, Pursh, iii. 565, 559 „ „ distribution, iii. 566 „ protera, Douglas, iii. 565, 566 „ serratifolia, Loddiges, iii. 563 „ Sieberi, Klotzsch, iii. 564 Unedo, Linnœus, iii. 559, 558, 563, 564 „ „ cultivation, iii. 563 „ „ distribution, iii. 560 „ „ etymology, iii. 561 ,, » in England, iii. 562, 563 „ „ in France, iii. 560 in Ireland, iii. 559, 561, 562 „ „ introduction, iii. 562 „ „ Killarney, tree at, iii. 562, PL 157 „ „ var. crispa, iii. 560 „ „ Croomei, iii. 560 „ „ integerrima, iii. 560 „ „ integrifolia, iii. 560 plena, iii. 560 „ „ quercifolia, iii. 560 „ „ rotundifolia, iii. 560 „ „ rubra, iii. 560 „ „ salicifolia, iii. 560 „ „ turbinata, iii. 560 „ Umdo-Andrachne, Boissier, iii. 563 Arceuthobium occidentale, etc. See Plants, Mis cellaneous ARCEUTHOS, Antoine and Kotschy, vi. 1395 Arceuthos drupacea, Antoine and Kotschy, vi. Aria Decaisneana, La vallée, i. 167 note 4 „ grœca, Decaisne, i. 167 „ nivea, Host, i. 166 Annillaria inellea. See Fungi Arole tree, v. 1036 Arve tree, v. 1037 Arytsch tree, vi. 1447 Arz tree, iii. 457, 486 note i ; vi. 1455 note 2 Ash, iv. 859. See also Fraxinus „ Bastard Mountain, i. 163. See Pyrus pin- natifida „ Biltmore, iv. 906. See also Fraxinus Bilt- nioreana VIII Index alls cci- '3 See 64, 564 r 157 J * lis- *i7 ->in- îilt- Ash, 11 11 11 11 » 11 11 11 11 »1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 »1 11 11 11 11 »1 11 Biltmore—continued „ Fawley Court, tree at, iv. 906, PL 247 „ leaves, iv. 906, PL 266, Fig. 30 Black, iv. 898. See Fraxinus nigra Blue, iv. 900. See Fraxinus quadrangulata Chinese, ii. 444 Common, iv. 864. See also Fraxinus ex celsior „ Ashridge Park, tree at, iv. 873, PL 241 „ black-hearted, iv. 870 „ burrs used for veneers, iv. 879 „ canker in, at Staple, near Coles- borne, iv. 878, PL 244 „ Castlewellan, tree at, iv. 877, PI. 243 „ Cirencester, deformed tree at, iv. 878, PL 244 „ Cobhain Park, tall tree at, iv. 873, PL 239 „ „ „ twisted tree at, iv. 873, PL 240 „ coppice, iv. 872 „ cultivation, iv. 870 „ diseases, iv. 877 „ distribution, iv. 869 „ etymology, iv. 870 „ fossil, iv. 869 „ identification, iv. 865 „ in England, iv. 872-875 „ in Ireland, iv. 876 „ in Scotland, iv. 875 „ in Wales, iv. 875 „ leaves, etc., iv. 864, PL 262, Fig. 4 „ remarkable trees, iv. 872 „ seedling, iv. 864 „ self-sown, iv. 871 „ timber, iv. 878 „ trees bearing only male or female flowers, iv. 864 note 3 „ varieties, iv. 865 „ Woodstock, Kilkenny, tree at, iv. 877, PL 242 Fiddle-back, iv. 879 Flowering, iv. 887. See also Fraxinus Ornus „ distribution, iv. 889 „ identification, iv. 888 „ leaves, iv. 887, PL 265, Fig. 26 „ remarkable trees, iv. 889 „ varieties, iv. 888 Green, iv. 907. See Fraxinus lanceolata Manna. See Ash, Flowering Mountain, vi. 1576, 1574 note i ; i. 142. See Pyrus Aucuparia Narrow-leaved, iv. 879. See also Fraxinus angustifolia „ distribution, iv. 880 „ leaves, iv. 879, PI. 262, Fig. 6 „ Rougham Hall, tree at, iv. 881, PL 245 „ varieties, iv. 880 Oregon, iv. 910. See Fraxinus oregona Pollard, at Selborne, iv. 875 D The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Ash—continued „ Red, iv. 908. See also Fraxinus pennsyl- vanica „ „ hybrid, iv. 909 „ leaves, iv. 909, PI. 263, Fig. 13 „ „ varieties, iv. 909 „ Swamp, iv. 912. See Fraxinus caroliniana „ Texan, iv. 905. See Fraxinus texensis „ Tiflis, species from, iv. 886 „ „ „ leaves, iv. 886, PI. 265, Fig- 25 „ Utah, iv. 900. See Fraxinus anomala „ Weeping, iv. 868 „ „ Elvaston Castle, tree at, iv. 868, PI. 238 „ White, iv. 901. See also Fraxinus americana cultivation, iv. 903 distribution, iv. 902 identification, iv. 902 Kew, tree at, iv. 904, PI. 246 leaves, iv. 901, PI. 265, Fig. 21 timber, iv. 904 varieties, iv. 902 Ash-bark beetle, iv. 878 Aspe, White, vii. 1779 Aspen, vii. I787i X772- See Populus tremula „ American, vii. I79I| 1772. See Populus tremuloides „ Japanese, vii. 1794. See Populus Sie- boldii Asten trees, vi. 1407 ATHROT AXIS, Bâillon, iii. 687 ATHROTAXIS, Don, vi. 1449 Athrotaxis cupressoides, Don, vi. 1452, 1450 Doniana, Maule, vi. 1451 Gunneana, Carrière, vi. 1450 Gunniana, Gordon, vi. 1450 laxifolia, W. J. Hooker, vi. 1451, 1450 selaginoides, Don, vi. 1450 Ptetragona, W. J. Hooker, vi. 1449 note 5 Atlasholz tree, i. 152 Aucuparia silvestris, Medicus, vi. 1576 Au vier tree, v. 1036 Avies selvadi tree, vi. 1361 Axelbar tree, i. 161 Ayacahuite Colorado, or Red Pine, v. I0l8 Azareiro tree, vi. 1554 AZAKOLUS, Borkhausen, vii. 1731 Azinheira tree, v. 1284 Azinho tree, v. 1284 Balsam Fir, iv. 803, 802. See Abies balsamea Barlind, i. 103 Bass-Wood, vii. 1685. See Tilia americana Bay, Sweet or Swamp, vi. 1586 Beaumier du Pérou, vii. 1835 note 6 Beech, i. I. See also Fagus American, i. 2 Antarctic, iii. 545. See Nothofagus Australian, iii. 545. See Nothofagus Caucasian, i. 3, 2 Chinese, i. 5, 2 Common, i. 6, 2. See also Fagus sylvatica Beech, Common—continued „ „ Ashridge, inarched tree at, i. 21, PI. 4 „ „ „ Queen Beech at, i. 20-21, Frontispiece and PI. 3 „ „ „ tree with burr, i. 21, PI. 5 „ „ avenues, i. 18 „ „ Cirencester, drive at, i. 20, PI. i ,, „ Cornbury Park, giant tree at, i. 22, PI. 7 „ „ cultivation, i. 14 ,, „ Dawyck House, fastigiate tree at, vii. PI. 406 „ „ distribution, i. n „ „ etymology, i. u „ „ Gordon Castle, tree at, i. 24, PL TO „ „ Meikleour, hedge at, i. 25, PI. n „ „ in England, i. u, 15-23 „ „ in Europe, i. 12-14 „ „ in Ireland, i. n, 26-27 „ „ in Scotland, i. n, 23-26 „ „ Knole Park, King Beech at, i. 20, PI. 12 „ „ Newbattle Abbey, self-layered tiee at, i. 23, 24 note, Plates 8 and 9 „ „ remarkable trees, L 13, 19 „ „ Slindon Wood, at, L 22, PL 6 ,, „ soil and situation, i. 15 „ „ timber, i. 27 „ varieties, i. 7 „ „ Watford, avenue at, i. 18, PL 2 „ Copper, i. 8 „ Fern-leaved, i. 9 „ Gladstone, at Pinbury Park, L PI. 58 „ Golden, i. 9 „ Japanese, Common, i. 4, 2 „ „ Small, i. 4, i „ New Zealand, iii. 545. See Nothofagus „ Northern, i. I. See Fagus „ Oak-leaved, L 9 „ Parasol, i. 10, n note i Purple, i. 7 Round-leaved, i. 10 South American, iii. 545. See Nothofagus „ distribution, iii. 554 „ timber, iii. 554 Tasmanian, iii. 545. See Nothofagus „ „ Fota, tree at, iii. 551, PL 154 „ Weeping, i. 10 „ „ Endsleigh, tree at, i. 10; ii. PI. s8A Beech coccus (Cryptococcus fagi). See Insects BELIS, Salisbury, iii. 494, 496 note i Belis jaculifolia, Salisbury, iii. 494 „ lanceolata, Sweet, iii. 494 BETULA, Linnœus, iv. 959. See also Birch „ key to species, iv. 960 BETULA, Linnœus, iv. 935 Betula acuminata, Ehrhart, iv. 987 „ alaskana, Sargent, iv. 993 note 4 „ alba, Linnœus, iv. 966 „ „ sub-species latifolia, iv. 967 Index '953 Betula alba, Linnœus—continued sub-species populifolia, iv. 987 var. communis (Regel), iv. 978 note 4 „ (Shirasawa), iv. 978 latifolia, iv. 968 papyrifera, iv. 983 pendula, iv. 966 „ elegans, iv. 968 note 4 populifolia, iv. 987 pubescens, iv. 962 Tattscha, iv. 967 albo-sinensis, Burkill, iv. 981 Alnobetula, Ehrhart, iv. 936 note i alnoides, Buchanan - Hamilton, iv. 976 note i „ var. pyrifolia, iv. 960 Almts, Scopoli, iv. 937 „ var. glutinosa, iv. 937 „ incana, iv. 945 „ maritima, iv. 955 ainbigua, Hampe, iv. 964 Andrewsii, Nelson, iv. 985 antarctica, Forster, iii. 551 aurata, Borkhausen, iv. 964 Bseumkeri, Winkler, iv. 976 note i Bkojpattra, Wallich, iv. 980 „ var. subcordata, iv. 978 note i „ typica, iv. 982 note i carulea, Blanchard, iv. 988 carpatica, VValdstein and Kitaibel, iv. 963 note 5 carpinifolia, Ehrhart, iv. 991 carpinifolia, Siebold and Zuccarini, iv. 979 cordata, Loiseleur, iv. 949 cordifolia, Regel, iv. 983 corylifolia, Regel and Maximowicz, iv. 975, 960, 961, 978, 980 note „ leaves, etc., iv. 975, PL 270, Fig. 14 costata, Trautvetter, iv. 979 cuspidata, Schrader, iv. 987 „ (of Spath's nursery), iv. 986 davurica, Pallas, iv. 974? 960, 989 Ermani, Ckamisso, iv. 977i 961, 968, 979, 980 note, 982 note 2 „ distribution, iv. 978 „ leaves, etc., iv. 977, PI. 270, Fig. 12 „ var. nipponica, iv. 978, 977 note 3, 982 note 2 excelsa, Aiton, iv. 986 „ var. canadensis, iv. 987 excelsa, Pursh, iv. 990 fontinalis, Sargent, iv. 992, 961 „ timber, iv. 994 fontinalis x B. papyrifera, iv. 993 „ „ leaves, etc., iv. 993, PI. 269, Fig. 8 globispica, Shlrai, iv. 960, 980 note glutinosa, Lamarck, iv. 937 glutinosa, Wallroth, iv. 964 grandis, Schrader, iv. 983 grossa, Siebold and Zuccarini, iv. 979, 980 note h y brida, Bechstein, iv. 964 Betula—continued „ incana, Linnœus f., iv. 945 „ intermedia, Thomas, iv. 964 „ Jacquemontii, Spach, iv. 980, 981 „ japonica, Siebold, iv. 967 „ kenaica, Evans, iv. 984, 993 note 4 „ Koehnei, Schneider, iv. 986 „ lanulosa, Michaux, iv. 988 „ latifolia, Tausch, iv. 967, 983 „ lenta, Linnœus, iv. 991, 961, 989 note i hybrid, iv. 991 leaves, etc., iv. 991, PI. 269, Fig. 3 timber, iv. 994 and note var. genuina, iv. 990 laciniata, iv. 991 lutea, iv. 990 lenta, Wangen heim, iv. 983 lobulata, Kanitz, iv. 966 luminifera, Winkler, iv. 980, 961, 976 note i „ leaves, etc., iv. 980, PI. 270, Fig. 16 lutea, Michaux f., iv. 990, 961, 979 „ bark, iv. 994 note „ leaves, etc., iv. 990, PI. 270, Fig. u „ OrielTemple, tree at, iv. 990, PI. 260 Lyalliana, Koehne, iv. 984 Maackii, Ruprecht, iv. 974 macrophylla, Hort., iv. 983, 986 Maximowicziana, Regel, iv. 976 Maximowiczii, Regel, iv. 976, 960, 980 and note „ leaves, etc., iv. 976, PI. 269, Fig. 6 Maximowiczii, Ruprecht, iv. 974 Murithii, Gaudichaud, iv. 963 nana, iv. 964 nigra, Du Roi, iv. 991 nigra, Linmeus, iv. 988, 959 note 2, 961 „ bark, iv. 994 note „ leaves, etc., iv. 988, PI. 270, Fig. 13 occidentalis, Hooker, iv. 993 „ Lyall, iv. 984 „ Sargent, iv. 984 note i, 992 odorata, Bechstein, iv. 962 „ Reichenbach, iv. 966 palustris, Salisbury, iv. 937 papyracea, Alton, iv. 983 „ var. occidentalis, iv. 984 note 2 papyrifera, Marshall, iv. 983, 961, 978, 993 distribution, etc. See Birch, Paper var. cordifolia, iv. 984 grandis, iv. 986, 984 note 2 kenaica, iv. 984 Lyalliana, iv. 984, 993 pendula, Roth, iv. 966 populifolia, Marshall, iv. 987» 9^° „ bark, iv. 994 note „ hybrid, iv. 986 „ leaves, etc., iv. 987, PI. 269, Fig. 4 „ var. laciniata, iv. 987 „ pendula, iv. 987 „ purpurea, iv. 988 1954 Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Betula—continued „ pubescens, Ehrhart, iv. 962, 960, 967 „ „ distribution, etc. See Birch, Common „ „ var. aurea, iv. 964 „ „ carpatica, iv. 963 note 5 „ „ carpatica, iv. 963 „ „ denudata, iv. 963 „ „ Murithii, iv. 963 „ „ nana, iv. 964 „ „ odorata, iv. 963 ,, „ pontica, iv. 963 and note 4 „ „ tortuosa, iv. 963 ,, „ urticifolia, iv. 963 » „ „ leaves, etc., iv. 964, PL 269, Fig. 2 „ puniila, Linnœus, iv. 986, 991 „ rhombifolia, Tausch, iv. 966 „ rubra, Michaux f., iv. 988 „ tomentosa, Reitter et Abel, iv. 962 „ ulmifolia, Siebold and Zuccarini, iv. 979, 960, 968, 978, 980 note „ urticifolia, Regel, iv. 963 „ utilis, Don, iv. 980 „ „ distribution, etc. See Birch, Hima layan „ „ var. Jacquemontii, iv. 981, 961, 982 „ » >, leaves, etc., iv. 981, PL 270, Fig. 15 „ „ Prattii, iv. 981 „ „ sinensis, iv. 981 „ verrucosa, Ehrhart, iv. 966, 960, 962 and note i, 964, 965, 986, 987 „ „ distribution, etc. See Birch, Silver „ „ var. arbuscula, iv. 967 ,, „ atrosanguinea, iv. 968 note 5 „ „ dalecarlica, iv. 967, 991 „ „ elegans, iv. 968 „ „ fastigiata, iv. 968 „ „ japonica, iv. 967, 968, 980 note „ „ laciniata, iv. 967 „ „ oycowiensis, iv. 967 „ „ purpurea, iv. 968 „ „ Youngi, iv. 968 BETULASTER, Spach, iv. 959 Big Tree, iii. 699. See Sequoia gigantea Bignonia Catalpa, Linnseus, vi. 1485 ,, „ Thunberg, vi. 1487 „ tomentosa, Thunberg, vi. 1493 BIOTA, Endlicher, i. 182 Biota Meldensis, Lawson, i. 198 „ orientalis, Endlicher, i. 197 „ „ var. intermedia, i. 198 „ petidttla, Endlicher, i. 197 Birch, iv. 959. See also Betula „ Black, iv. 991, 989 note i. See Betula lenta „ „ New Zealand, iii. 549. See Notho- fagus fusca „ Canoe. See Birch, Paper „ Cherry, iv. 991. See Betula lenta „ Common, iv. 962. See also Betula pubescens bark, iv. 974 Birch, Common—continued „ „ cultivation, iv. 969 „ „ distribution, iv. 964 „ „ etymology, iv. 966 „ „ Glenmore, gnarled trees in, iv. 972, PL 258 „ „ hybrids, iv. 964 „ „ in England, iv. 971 „ „ in Scandinavia, iv. 973 „ „ in Scotland, iv. 972 ,, „ in Wales, iv. 972 ,, „ leaves, etc., iv. 962, PL 269, Fig. i „ „ Merton, tree at, iv. 971, PL 256 „ „ remarkable trees, iv. 971 „ „ Savernake Forest, tree at, iv. 971, PI- 255 „ „ Sherwood Forest, self-sown trees in, iv. 971, PL 257 „ „ timber, iv. 973 „ Ï,, varieties, iv. 963 „ " Curly," iv. 994 „ Fern-leaved, iv. 967 ,, „ leaves, etc., iv. 967, PL 270, Fig. TO „ Grey, iv. 987. See Betula populifolia „ Himalayan, iv. 980. See also Betula utilis „ „ distribution, iv. 982 „ „ leaves, etc., iv. 981, PL 269, Fig. 7 „ „ varieties, iv. 981 „ Mountain, New Zealand, iii. 547 „ oil of, iv. 992 „ Paper, iv. 983. See also Betula papyrifera „ „ bark, iv. 994 and note „ „ Bicton, tree at, iv. 987, PL 259 „ „ cultivation, iv. 986 „ „ distribution, iv. 986 „ „ hybrids, iv. 986 „ „ leaves, etc., iv. 983, PL 269, Fig. 5 „ „ varieties, iv. 983 „ Red, iv. 988. See Betula nigra „ New Zealand, iii. 548, 549 River, iv. 989 note i Silver, iv. 966, 965 „ bark, iv. 974 „ cultivation, iv. 969 distribution, iv. 968 leaves, etc., iv. 966, PL 270, Fig. 9 remarkable trees, iv. 971 timber, iv. 973 varieties, iv. 967 „ Silver, New Zealand, iii. 548 „ Weeping, Bonamy's, iv. 968 „ „ Young's, iv. 968 „ Yellow, iv. 990. See Betula lutea Bitternut, iii. 600. See Carya amara Black Jack, v. 1236. See Quercus marylandica Blackwood, vii. 1699. See Acacia melanoxylon Blue Jack, v. I230. See Quercus cinerea Bois de resonance, vi. 1358 Botrytis Douglasii. See Fungi Box, vii. 1721. See Buxus „ etymology, vii. 1727 Index Ï95S Box—continued „ Hill, viL 1727 „ place-names, vii. 1727, 1728 Box, Common, vii. 1724. See Buxus semper virens Box Elder, iii. 684. See Acer Negundo and Maple, Ash-leaved Boxwood, vii. 1730 „ "West Indian," vii. 1730 and note 3 BRASSAIOPSIS, Seemann, vii. 1694 Brassaiopsis ricinifolia, Seemann, vii. 1694 Buckeye, Californian, ii. 220. See ^Esculus cali- fornica „ Ohio, ii. 223. See ^Esculus glabra „ Sweet, iL 224. See ^Esculus octandra Buergeria (?) salicifolia, Siebold and Zuccarini, vi. „ stellata, Siebold and Zuccarini, vi. 1599 Buna tree, i. 4 Burgundy pitch, vi. 1358 Butternut, ii. 271. See Juglans cinerea Buttonwood, iii. 627. See Plane, Western Buxus, Linnseus, vii. 1721 „ section BUXELLA, vii. 1721 note 2 „ „ Eu-Buxus, vii. 1721 „ „ TRICERA, vii. 1721 note 2 Buxus angustifolia, Miller, viL 1724 „ arborescent, Miller, vii. 1724 „ balearica, Lamarck, vii. 1722, 1723 note 2 „ Fortuna, Carrière, vii. 1722 note 4 „ „ rotundifolia, vii. 1722 note i „ Harlandi, Hance, vii. 1722 „ Henryi, Mayr, vii. 1723 note 4 „ japonica, Müller, vii. 1721 „ „ var. microphylla, vii. 1722, 1723 note 3 „ Kukiuensis, Makino, vii. 1723 „ longifolia, Boissier, viL 1723 note i „ longifolia, Hort., vii. 1722 note 4, 1723 note i „ Macowani, vii. 1730 „ microphylla, Siebold and Zuccarini, vii. 1722 „ myrtifolia, Lamarck, vii. 1725 „ sempervirens, J. D. Hooker, vii. 1723 „ sempervirens, Linnœus, vii. 1724, 1723 „ „ distribution, viL 1725 „ „ remarkable trees, vii. 1729 „ „ timber, vii. 1730 „ „ var. angustifolia, vii. 1724 „ „ arborescens, vii. 1724 note 2 argentea, vii. 1725 „ „ argenteo-marginata, vii. 1725 „ „ aureo-maculata, vii. 1725 „ „ aureo - marginata, vii. 1725 „ „ elegantissima, vii. 1725 „ „ gigantea, vii. 1722 „ „ grandifolia, vii. 1724 note 2 „ „ handsworthensis, vii. 1725 Buxus sempervirens, Linnœus—continued „ „ var. /lumilis, vii. 1725 „ japonica, vii. 1721 .„ latifolia, vii. I725 „ bullata, vii 1725 „ liukiuensis, vii. 1723 „ microphylla, vii. 1722 „ myosotifolia, vii. 1725 „ myrtifolia, viL 1725 „ nana, viL 1725 „ pendula, vii. 1725 „ pyramidalis, vii. I725 „ riparia, vii. 1722 note 2 „ rosmarinifolia, viL 1725 ,, salicifolia elata, vii. 1725 „ suffruticosa, viL 1725 „ tJyndfolia, vii. 1725 stenophylla, Hance, vii. 1722 note 2 suffruticosa, Miller, vii. 1725 Wallichiana, Bâillon, vii. 1723 Bya Kushin tree, vL 1433 Caithne tree, iii. 561 CALLJEOCARPUS, Miquel, vi. 1528 CALOCEDRUS, Kurz, iiL 484 Calocedrus macrokpis, Kurz, iii. 488 CALUCECHINUS, Hombron et Jacquinot, iii. 545 Calucechinus antarctica, Hombron et Jacquinot, "i- 553 „ Montagnei, Hombron et Jacquinot, iiL 545 note 3 C'ALUSPARASS us, Hombron et Jacquinot, iii. 545 Calusparassus betuloides, Hombron et Jacquinot, iu- 551 „ Forsten, Hombron et Jacquinot, iii- 551 Camata, v. 1271 Camatina, v. 1271 Canary-wood, L 73 CARGILLIA, R. Brown, iv. 995 CARLOMOHRIA, Greene, vL 1600 Carlomohria Carolina, Greene, vi. 1602 CARPINUS, Linnxus, iiL 525 „ key to species, iii. 526 „ section DISTEGOCARPUS, Sargent, iii. 525 „ „ EU-CARPINUS, Sargent, iii. 525 CARPINUS (Ostrya), Linnseus, iii. 540 Carpinus americana, Michaux, iii. 531 „ Betulus, Koehne, iiL 531 „ Betulus, Linnœus, iii. 532, 526, 531 „ „ distribution, etc. See Horn beam, Common „ „ var. carpinizza, iiL 533 „ incisa, iii. 533 „ purpurea, iiL 533 quercifolia, iii. 533 „ caroliniana, Walter, iiL 531, 526 „ leaves, iii. 526, 531, PL 201, Fig. 6 „ „ var. tropicalis, iiL 532 note „ carpinizza, Host, iiL 532 „ Carpinus, Sargent, iii. 528 „ compressa, Gilbert, iii. 532 „ cordata, Blume, iii. 529, 525, 526 1956 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland Carpinus cordala, Blume—continued „ „ leaves, iii. 526, 529, PL 201, Fig. 2 „ „ var. chinensis, iii. 530 „ duinensis, Scopoli, iii. 527 „ Fargesii, Franchet, iii. 530 „ intermedia, Wierzbicki, iii. 532 japonica, Blume, iii. 528, 525, 526, 530 „ leaves, iii. 526, 528, PI. 201, Fig. i „ laxiflora, Blume, iii. 530, 526 „ „ leaves, iii. 526, 530, PL 201, Fig. 8 „ „ varieties, iii. 531 note „ nervata, Dulac, iii. 532 „ nigra, Moench, iii. 527 „ orientalis, Miller, iii. 527, 526 ,, „ leaves, iii. 526, 527, PL 201, Fig. 7 „ Ostrya, Linnasus, iii. 540, 543 „ polyneura, Franchet, iii. 527, 526 „ „ leaves, iii. 526, 527, PL 201, Fig- 5 „ septum, Lamarck, iii. 532 „ Turczaninowii, Hance, iii. 528 ,i „ var. polyneura, iii. 527 „ ulmoides, Gray, iii. 532 „ virginiana, Miller, iii. 543 „ vulgaris, Miller, iii. 532 „ yedoensis, Maximowicz, iii. 529, 526 » » leaves, Hi. 526, 529, PL 201, Fig. 3 Carrasca tree, v. 1284 Carvalho negro tree, v. 1315 „ cerquinho tree, v. 1315 CARYA, Nuttall, iii. 597 „ key to species, iii. 598 „ section APOCARYA, De Candolle, iii. 598 „ „ EUCARYA, De Candolle, iii. 598 Carya alba, Koch, iii. 606 „ alba, Nuttall, iii. 6oi, 597 note 2, 598 „ „ Brocklesby Park, tree at, iii. 603, PL 173 „ „ distribution, iii. 602 „ „ in England, iii. 602, 603 ,, „ in Ireland, iii. 604 „ „ in Scotland, iii. 604 „ „ leaves, iii. 598, 602, PL 203, Fig. i „ amara, Nuttall, iii. 600, 598 „ „ Bute House, tree at, iii. 601, PL 170 „ „ distribution, iil 600 „ leaves, iii. 598, 600, PL 203, Fig. 5 „ „ Syston Park, trees at, iii. 601, PL 171 „ angustifolia, Sweet, iii. 599 „ aquatica, Nuttall, iii. 598 note „ cordiformis, Koch, iii. 605 „ „ Schneider, iii. 600; Errata, 1939 „ glabra, Schneider, iii. 604 note „ „ Spach, iii. 604 „ illinoensis, Koch, iii. 599 „ lad'm'osa, Schneider, iii. 605 „ microcarpa, Nuttall, iii. 605 „ obcordata, Sweet, iii. 604 „ olivreformis, Nuttall, iii. 599, 598 ; iv. 899 Carya olivasformis, Nuttall—continued „ „ introduction into England, iii. 600 » » leaves, iii. 598, 599, PL 203, Fig. 6 ovata, Schneider, iii. 601 Pecan, Schneider, iii. 599 porcina, Nuttall, iii. 604, 597 note 2, 598 „ Kew, tree at, iii. 605, PL 172 „ leaves, iii. 598, 604, PL 203, Fig. 2 „ var. odorata, iii. 605 pubescens, Sweet, iii. 605 sulcata, Nuttall, iii. 605, 598 „ leaves, iii. 598, 606, PL 203, Fig. 4 lomenlosa, Nuttall, iii. 606, 598, 602 note i „ distribution, iii. 607 „ leaves, iii. 607, PL 203, Fig. 3 CARYOTAXUS, Zuccarini, vi. 1461 Catyotaxus grandis, Henkel and Hochstetter, vi. 1464 „ Myristica, Henkel and Hochstetter, vi. 1465 „ nncifera, Zuccarini, vi. 1463 „ taxifolia, Henkel and Hochstetter, vi. 1466 CASANOPHORUM, Necker, iv. 837 Castagno della Nave, iv. 843 „ della Navota, iv. 843 „ di Cento Cavalli, iv. 842, 843 „ di Santa Agala, iv. 843 CASTANEA, Adanson, iv. 837. See also Chestnut „ key to species, iv. 838 CASTANEA, Endlicher, vi. 1528 Castanea alnifolia, Nuttall, iv. 838 „ americana, Rafinesque, iv. 856 „ Castanea, Karsten, iv. 839 „ chrysophylla, Douglas, vi. 1528 „ „ var. minor, vi. 1529 „ crenata, Siebold and Zuccarini, iv. 854, 838. See also Chestnut, Japanese „ Davidii, Dode, iv. 855 note i „ dentata, Borkhausen, iv. 856, 838, 858 note 3. See also Chestnut, American „ Duclouxii, Dode, iv. 854 note 4 equina, Matthiolus, ii. 213 Fargesii, Dode, iv. 854 note 4 hupehensis, Dode, iv. 855 note i japonica, Blume, iv. 854 rnollissima, Blume, iv. 855 neglecta, Dode, iv. 858 note 3 pubinervis, Schneider, iv. 854 pumila, Miller, iv. 857, 838, 855 „ leaves, iv. 858, PL 202, Fig. 12 saliva, Miller, iv. 839, 838, 856 „ distribution, etc. See Chestnut, Spanish „ var. acuminatissima, iv. 854 „ americana, iv. 856 „ argentea, iv. 840 „ argenteo-marginata, iv. 840 „ argenteo-variegata, iv. 840 „ aspleniifolia, iv. 840 „ aureo-maculata, iv. 840 „ aureo-marginata, iv. 840 Index *957 Castanea saliva, Miller—continued „ „ var. aureo-varieg